• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.5 no.6
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2002

서울근교에 존재하는 소나무림은 낙엽활엽수림으로 바뀌고 있다. 그러므로 서울근교의 산림에 대한 조사는 자연 식생형 산림 특히 소나무 복원에 그 시사점을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울근교에 존재하는 8개 산의 15개 지소를 선정하여 그곳에 존재하는 식생형을 파악하고, 토양의 물리적 특성을 조사하여 산림 복원 시 고려할 토양 특성을 확인하고자 하였다. 8개 산에서 선정된 15개 조사지소는 소나무군락, 소나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 낙엽활엽수군락으로 나누어 물리적 토양 특성을 조사하였다. 소나무의 평균 중요치는 소나무군락에서 137이었으며 소나무-낙엽활엽수군락에서는 8이었다. 평균 바위분포 면적-토양 깊이-경사는 소나무군락에서 26-22-31, 소나무-낙엽활엽수군락에서 7-53-32, 낙엽활엽수군락에서 14%-34cm-$28^{\circ}$로 나타났다. 소나무군락, 소나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 낙엽활엽수군락의 임상 및 토양에 존재하는 총 유기물량은 각각 2490, 1757, and $2107g/m^2$로 조사되었다. L층에서의 유기물량은 모든 군락 유형에서 비슷하였으나, F층과 H층에서는 매우 다르게 나타났다 : F층은 소나무군락에서 가장 발달하였고 H층은 낙엽활엽수군락에서 가장 발달하였다. 통계처리 결과는 바위분포 면적, 고도, 경사, 사면은 군락의 유형과 유의한 관련성을 보여주지 않았으나, 토양의 깊이, 자갈의 함량, 세사와 미사의 함량은 군락의 유형에 따라 다름을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 소나무군락의 토양이 자갈과 세사의 높은 함량과 관련이 있으며, 이에 따라 H층의 발달이 미약하게 나타남을 보여 주었다. 그러므로 2-10mm의 자갈이 40% 이상되는 장소에는 분해가 덜된 유기물과 소나무를 사용할 때 복원의 성공가능성이 높으며, 자갈의 함량이 30% 이하이며 모래의 함량이 50% 이상인 장소에는 분해된 유기물의 함량을 높이고 낙엽활엽수를 이용하는 것이 복원성공 가능성이 높음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.89 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2000

Mass loss and dynamics of mineral nutrient during decomposition of deciduous leaves and 3 species of needles were investigated for 38 months from October in 1992 to November in 1995 in Kwangneung, Korea. After 38 months, the remaining mass of deciduous leaves, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida and Abies holophylla was 16.2%, 29.8%, 33.5% and 53.9%, respectively. The decay rate (k) of deciduous leaves, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida and Abies holophylla was 0.61, 0.40, 0.37, $0.21yr^{-1}$, respectively. The lowest decay rate in fir needle might be, in part, due to low N concentration. N concentration of the decomposing litter increased during the experimental period except for P. rigida. Deciduous leaves showed a short immobilization period during the early stage of decomposition, and big-cone pine and pitch pine had no immobilization period. However, there was no net N mineralization in fir litter. P increased during the experimental period for all litter. Except for deciduous leaves, there was no net mineralization period. In case of deciduous leaves, however, remaining P after 38 months was 53% of the initial P capital. Remaining cations of the decomposing litter after 38 months were lower than those of initial contents.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.228-242
• /
• 2016

This research was conducted for understanding the evergreen forest community structure of the Bijin Island. The island was worth of vegetational value because of the representative warm temperate species such as Castanopsis cuspidata was distribute there. According to the results of community classification by TWINSPAN and DCA, the Bijin Island evergreen forest were classified by 9 communities, such as C. cuspidata, C. cuspidata-Pinus thunbergii, Neolitsea sericea-Camellia japonica, Platycarya strobilacea, Quercus serrata-Decidus broad-leaved, Alnus firma, P. thunbergii. Due to the C. cuspidata, N. sericea, Ca. japonica etc. were still dominated at canopy and under-canopy layer, so the evergreen forest will be sustain current conditions for a while if there is no artificial disturbances that were caused by human. Pl. strobilacea community will be expected to replace N. sericea and also Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved community will be changing caused by mutual competition. Normally, in the way of the succession process of the warm temperate forest, P. thunbergii will be expect via deciduous broad-leaved to evergreen forest such as Machilus thunbergii, C. cuspidata var. sieboldii, and N. sericea. In case of species diversity index, P. thunbergii comm.(1.2739), Q. serrata-Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.2325), Decidus broad-leaved comm.(1.1807), and A. firma comm.(1.0854) are relatively high, while C. cuspidata and N. sericea-Ca. japonica that was dominated by evergreen species at canopy layer and P. thunbergii that was damaged by fire are relatively low(0.7380~0.8416). Soil pH was 4.72~6.33, electric conductance was 0.035~0.128dS/m, and content of organic matter was 3.4~17.4%.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.31 no.7
• /
• pp.698-707
• /
• 2010

The Late Pleistocene pollen record from the Poil-dong, Uiwang, Kyunggi-do, reveals that mixed coniferous and deciduous broadleaved forests were spread along with herb and fern understory. Palynofloral changes reflect climate fluctuations. From ca. 43,100 to 41,900 cal. yr BP, a mixed coniferous and deciduous broadleaved forest combined with open grassland occupied the study area, which indicates cooler condition than today. During the period of ca. 41,900-41,200 cal. yr BP, along with fern understory a decrease in subalpine conifers and an increase in temperate deciduous broadleaved trees suggest a climatic amelioration. A climatic deterioration, as evidenced by an increase in subalpine conifers and a decrease in the density of vegetation cover, occurred from ca. 41,200 to 39,700 cal. yr BP.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.433-449
• /
• 1998

To study the plant community structure of Chayang-chon area from Jangsudae to Hangyeryung in Soraksan National Park, 62 plots(each size 100m$^2$) were set up and surveyed. Six communities(Pinus densiflora - Populus caximowiczii community, P. densiflora community, P. densiflora - Deciduous broad-leaved tree community, Quercus mongolica community, Q. mongolica - Carpinus cordata community, C. cordata - Deciduous broad- leaved tree community) were classified by DCA ordination techniques. Q. mongolica community, Q. mongolica - C. cordata and C. cordata - Deciduous broad-leaved tree community were distrivuted over altitude 755m, and the others were distributed below there. In the community over altitude 755m, the succession that Q. mongolica community changed to C. cordata community have proceeded partly and otherwise C. cordata community and Deciduous broad-leaved tree community have been competing with each other. In the community with distribytion range from 500m to 560, high, P. densiflora community would change deciduous broad-leaved tree community forward.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.204-219
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate and analyze the characteristics of the plant community structure of vegetation distributed on the western slope and ridge connecting Mt. Noja to Mt. Gara. This basic research was executed not only to restore and manage forest vegetation, but also to monitor the trend of change in the long term. As a result of classifying the communitise in 86 survey quadrats, the Pinus thunbergii-Platycarya strobilacea comm. and P. thunbergii-P. densiflora comm. were distributed around the lowlands. The Carpinus tschonoskii-Deciduous broad-leaved comm., Styrax japonicus-Deciduous broad-leaved comm., Acer pictum subsp. Mono-Deciduous broad-leaved comm., Deciduous broad-leaved comm., and Zelkova serrata comm. appeared in the valley and all stone areas. Quercus serrata comm., Q. serrata-S. japonicus comm., S. japonicus-Carpinus cordata comm., Euonymus oxyphyllus comm. were classified as being distributed on steep slopes with relatively high altitude. According to the succession trend of the forest, evergreen conifers will be transition to deciduous broad-leaved trees. However, deciduous broad-leaved arboreous forests, such as Carpinus tschonoskii, zelkova serrata, and Acer pictum subsp. Mono, were considered to maintain their current succession stage because not only the stratified structure was developed over about 50 years tree age, but also ecologically stabilized. As environmental factors, it was analyzed that altitude, pH, content of clay and silt, Mg⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺, etc. directly or indirectly affect the distribution of plant communities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 1999

월출산 국립공원 및 공원보호구역의 현존식생과 식물군집구조를 파악하기 위하여 1997년 7월에 27개의 조사구를 설치하여 조사하였다. 조사대상지의 식생은 난대기후대의 수종과 온대기후대의 수종이 함께 출현하는 추이대 특성을 나타내고, 주로 졸참나무군락, 소나무군락, 낙엽참나무군락이 많이 분포하고 있었다. 총 27개 조사구에 대한 TWINSPAN의 분석결과 낙엽활엽수군집, 굴참나무-졸참나무군집, 신갈나무군집, 신갈나무-낙엽활엽수군집, 굴참나무군집, 소나무-붉가시나무군집, 소나무군집, 조록싸리-조릿대군집으로 8개 군집으로 대별되었다. 월출산국립공원의 식생은 수종간 경쟁이 활발한 천이도중상의 식생구조를 나타내고 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand the vegetation characteristics of ridges (Gyeongsusan-Seonunsan-Gaeipalsan) in the Seonunsan Provincial Park and to establish reference information for the management of the park in the future. We designated 62 plots with the area of $100m^2$ were installed and analyzed them to investigate the vegetation characteristics. The results of community classification based on TWINSPAN showed seven categories of vegetation communities in the surveyed region: Quercus dentata-Deciduous broad-leaved Community, Quercus variabilis-Pinus thunbergii-Quercus serrata Community, Pinus densiflora Community, Deciduous broad-leaved Community-I, Carpinus tschonoskii-Castanea crenata-Quercus aliena Community, Deciduous broad-leaved Community-II, and Carpinus tschonoskii-Carpinus laxiflora Community. In the vegetation of Seonunsan Provincial Park, coniferous trees such as Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora have been gradually losing their population as part of ecological succession to deciduous broad-leaved trees such as Quercus spp., Carpinus tschonoskii, and Carpinus laxiflora. Moreover, Carpinus turczaninowii, Mallotus japonicus, and others were identified as vegetation reflecting the geographical characteristics of the region neighboring the west coast. The estimated age is 30-60 years, and the oldest tree Pinus densiflora is 63-years old. The index of diversity ($100m^2$) was 0.7942 for Carpinus tschonoskii-Carpinus laxiflora Community, 0.8406 for Carpinus tschonoskii-Castanea crenata-Quercus aliena Community, 0.8543 for Quercus dentata-Deciduous broad-leaved Community, 0.9434 for Quercus variabilis-Pinus thunbergii-Quercus serrata Community, 0.9520 for Deciduous broad-leaved Community-I, 0.9633 for Pinus densiflora Community, and 1.0340 for Deciduous broad-leaved Community-II in the ascending order.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2014

Forest floor is one of most distinctive features of forest ecosystem, which provides plants and soil microbes with nutrients, and controls hydrologic condition within the floor by intercepting water during a rainfall event and evaporates back into the atmosphere. In this study rainfall interception loss by decomposed forest floor of a deciduous forest has been experimentally estimated using rainfall simulation experiments. Litter-decomposing fungi were incubated on deciduous forest floor samples for the experiment purposes. On a deciduous floor, a $4.22mm{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}m^2$ of rain was intercepted immediately before rain ceased. Minimum values of interception loss ranged from 1.62 to $2.41mm{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}m^2$, with an average of $1.87mm{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}m^2$. Mann-Whitney test showed that decomposing fungi on the forest floor influenced on rainfall interception capacity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.217-237
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 계룡산국립공원 갑사 계곡에 위치하는 낙엽활엽노거수군집의 식생군집구조를 부석하기 위하여 18개의 Belt-transect를 설정하여 조사하였다. 노거수군집 전체면적은 $46.442\m^2$이었고, 이 중 노거수가 차지하는 면적은 $35.246\m^2$이었으며, 대표적인 현존식생은 느티나무군집, 팽나무군집, 회화나무군집, 소나무군집, 말채나무군집이었다. 노고수의 규 은 흉고직경이 50~120cm, 수고가 18~22m 이었으며, 흉고직경 70cm이상되는 수종은 소나무(1주), 느티나무(9주), 갈참나무(8주), 졸참나무(1주), 회화나무(2주), 말채나무(1주)이었고, 본 조사 대상지의 평균수령은 150년생 내외이었다. 18개 조사구에 대하여 DCA의 ordination 분석결과 소나무군집, 느타나무-낙엽활엽수군집, 검팽나무-낙엽활엽수군집, 회화나무군집, 말채나무군집, 팽나무군집으로 분리되었다. 교모측의 우점종감의 평균거리는 8~12m이었고, Shannon의 종다양도는 0.7~0.9(단위면적:$200\m^2$_이었다.X>_이었다.