• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.183-202
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• 2013

The demand of ginseng which has attracted many people for a long time has expanded further with great spotlight ; but it has caused anxiety of some safety-sensitive customers due to unavoidable pesticides and its weakness for disease and insect pest. On the other hand, sluggish studies on effective doses of ginseng and red ginseng which is produced and processed after hardship have worsened confusion of customers. Against this backdrop, this study is about to find out measures for safe ginseng cultivation and effective dose of white or red ginseng which are safely produced and reaches meaningful conclusions as follows ; As for a study to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides or to change them into environmentally-friendly products, ginseng cultivation utilizing Lime Sulfur complex might be an alternative. The effects of Lime Sulfur complex are great on ginseng seeding with under 200 times compound KHCO3 and five-year-old ginseng with over 200 times compound using NaHCO3. When using with green materials like Bordeaux mixture, there would be great potential to realize ginseng without pesticide use.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.844-848
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.164-168
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• 2014

The sodium-sulfur batteries which operate at $350^{\circ}C$ have been mainly used in the field of energy storage system. This batteries consist of liquid sodium anode, sulfur cathode and ${\beta}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$-alumina solid electrolyte. The conditioning process for stabilization of the batteries is essential since the cells show considerable fluctuation of discharge voltage at the beginning of discharge/charge cycles. It is found that one of the reasons of the fluctuation is the gradual change of contact area between molten sodium and solid electrolyte.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.753-763
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• 2016

High temperature sodium/sulfur battery(Na/S battery) has good electrochemical properties, but, the battery has some problems such as explosion and corrosion at al. because of using the liquid electrodes at high temperature and production of high corrosion. Room temperature sodium/sulfur batteries (NAS batteries) is developed to resolve of the battery problem. To recently, room temperature sodium/sulfur batteries has higher discharge capacity than its of lithium ion battery, however, cycle life of the battery is shorter. Because, the sulfur electrode and electrolyte have some problem such as polysulfide resolution in electrolyte and reaction of anode material and polysulfide. Cycle life of the battery is improved by decrease of polysulfide resolution in electrolyte and block of reaction between anode material and polysulfide. If room temperature sodium/sulfur batteries (NAS batteries) with low cost and high capacity improves cycle life, the batteries will be commercialized batteries for electric storage, electric vehicle, and mobile electric items.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.863-871
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 고령토, 유황, 탄산나트륨, 규석 및 송진을 원료로 하여 군청을 합성하였고, 그 반응 메카니즘을 조사하였다. 원료의 혼합시료는 군청의 중간 생성물인 녹색군청을 합성하기 위하여, 82$0^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 동안 소성하였다(승온율 2$^{\circ}C$/min). 합성된 녹색군청은 최종적으로 군청을 얻기 위해 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 산화처리하였다. 합성 과정에서 발생하는 반응 생성물 및 이들의 구조적 변화는 x선 회절 분석과 Raman Spectrum 분석에 의하여 평가하였다. 소성과정에서 황화나트륨은 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 생성되었고, NaAISiO$_{4}$는 62$0^{\circ}C$에서 형성되었다. 그리고, 녹색군청은 황화나트륨과 NaAISiO$_{4}$의 반응에 의하여 74$0^{\circ}C$부근에서 형성하기 시작하였다. 또한, 청색군청의 형성은 녹색군청 중에 잔존하던 황화타트륨의 산화로 방출되는 유황 원자에 기인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2013

Sodium sulfur (NAS) battery is a high energy storage system (ESS). These days, as the use of renewable green energy like wind energy, solar energy and ocean energy is rapidly increasing, the demand of ESS is increasing and NAS battery is considered to be one of the most promising ESS. Since NAS battery has a high energy density(3 times of lead acid battery), long cycle life and no self-charge and discharge, it is a good candidate for ESS. A NAS battery consists of sulfur as the positive electrode, sodium as the negative electrode and ${\beta}$"-alumina as the electrolyte and a separator simultaneously. Since sulfur is an insulator, carbon felt should be used as conductor with sulfur and so the composition and property of the cathode could largely influence the cell performance and life cycle. Therefore, in this paper, the composition of NAS battery, the property of carbon felt and sodium polysulfides ($Na_2S_x$, intermediates of discharge), and the effects of these factors on cycle performance of cells are described in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

This paper addresses the issue of Renewable Energy for Electricity Storage device is one of the NAS (Sodium-Sulfur) battery will be about the module. For safety reasons, not the actual battery cells using a dummy cell in the module's operating temperature setting to examine the characteristics of the insulation vacuum of the wall temperature and external temperature changes measured over time. Upper and lower boundaries of the wall vacuum insulation characteristics cotton C intervals over time, average $5^{\circ}C$, but the temperature is rising, 4C section with little temperature change did not occur. On the other hand, about $3^{\circ}C$ in section 4D, and it was confirmed that the temperature rises. Wall vacuum insulation characteristics over time to look at the experiments and measurements are described.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 2006

The sodium/sulfur(Na/S) battery has many advantages such as high theoretical specific energy(760Wh/kg), and low material cost based on the abundance of electrode material in the earth. It has been reported that the electrochemical properties of sodium/sulfur cell above $300^{\circ}C$, utilized a solid ceramic electrolyte and liquid sodium and sulfur electrodes. A lot of researches have been performed in this field. Recently, Na/S battery system was applied for electricity storage system for load-leveling. One of severe problems of sodium/sulfur battery was high operating temperature above $300^{\circ}C$, which could induce the explosion and corrosion by molten sodium, sulfur and polysulfides. In order to develop sodium battery operated at low temperature, sodium ion battery has been studied using carbon anode, and sodium oxides cathodes. However, the energy densities of the sodium ion batteries were much lower than high temperature sodium/sulfur cell. In this study, the sodium/sulfur battery with 1M $NaCF_3SO_3$ is tested at room temperature. The charge-discharge mechanism was discussed based on XRD, DSC, SEM and EDS results.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.16 no.3 s.77
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• pp.50-60
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• 2007

There are several kinds of battery such as zinc-air battery, lithium battery, Manganese dry battery, silver oxide battery, mercury battery, sodium-sulphur battery, lead battery, nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lithium ion battery, alkaline battery, etc. These days it has been widely studied for the recycling technologies of the used battery from view points of economy and efficiency. In this paper, patents on the recycling technologies of the used lithium battery were analyzed. The range of search was limited in the open patents of USA(US), European Union(EP), Japan(JP), and Korea(KR) from 1986 to 2006. Patents were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents was analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2008

There are several kinds of battery such as zinc-air battery, lithium battery, manganese dry battery, silver oxide battery, mercury battery, sodium-sulphur battery, lead battery, nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lithium ion battery and alkaline battery, etc. These days it has been widely studied for the recycling technologies of the used battery from view points of economy and efficiency. In this paper, patents on the recycling technologies of the used manganese dry battery were analyzed. The range of search was limited in the open patents of USA (US), European Union (EP), Japan (JP), and Korea (KR) from 1986 to 2006. Patents were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents were analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies.