• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.266-274
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• 2008

Korean native plants were investigated for their suitability to be used for floral clusters after drying. Floral clusters which were made in semi-sphere with a hand-tied method and can be fit in $22{\times}22{\times}37cm$ paper boxes were made with 37 species. Among 37 species, the 14 species which were easy to dry, to make floral clusters, and have not been used in other countries, were Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Muhlenbergia huegelii, Phleum pratense, Setaria glauca, and Setaria viridis in Gramineae, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia montana, and Chrysanthemum indicum in Compositae, Agastache rugosa, Elsholtzia ciliata, Elsholtzia splendens in Labiatae, Carex neurocarpa in Cyperaceae, and Vitex rotundifolia in Verbenaceae were used with leaves, flowers, and fruits. The suitable plants for a floral cluster in $22{\times}22{\times}37cm$ paper box, a wreath in $22{\times}22{\times}6cm$ paper box, and a flower arrangement in $22{\times}22{\times}22cm$ paper box, which were made to a set, were 10 species, that is Phragmites communis, Setaria glauca, Setaria viridis, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia montana, Chrysanthemum indicum, Elsholtzia ciliata, Elsholtzia splendens, Mosla punctulata, and Vitex rotundifolia.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

Elsholtzia byeonsanensis is a Korean native plant of the Lamiaceae family, and was first introduced in the Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy. This plant has a short plant length of 20-35 cm, with leathery and glossy leaves. The purple flowers bloom in November, so they are highly useful as potted or ground cover ornamental plants. In this study, tray cell size (128, 162, and 200-cell trays), soil composition [horticultural soil (HS): decomposed granite (DG) 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (v:v)], seeding rate (1, 2, and 3 seeds per cell) and additional fertilizer concentrations (0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/L Hyponex) were tested to find out the optimum seedling growth conditions. As a result of the study, E. byeonsanensis growth increased proportionally as the cell size of the tray increased. The growth was inhibited as the percentage of DG increased. As for the growth according to the seeding rate, plant height, plant width, leaf length, and leaf width decreased as the seeding rate increased, but there was no difference in the number of leaves, stem diameter, and root length. There was an increasing trend in seedling growth as the additional fertilizer concentration increased. Therefore, for producing E. byeonsanensis seedling, it is most effective to fill HS or HS:DG 1:1 in 128-cell trays, sow one seed per cell, and spray the seedling at 1000 mg/L for additional fertilizer.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2021

로즈마리(Rosmarinus officinalis)는 지중해 지역이 원산이고 꿀풀과에 속하는 다년생 식물로 자생지에서는 식물의 크기가 2m까지 자라는 관목성 식물이다. 식용, 약용, 미용, 향료뿐 아니라 관상용으로도 널리 이용되고 있고 특히 향이 좋아 세계 로즈마리 추출물 시장은 연평균 4.8%씩 증가하여 2027년에는 10억 달러를 넘을 것으로 예측된다. 우리나라도 소비 트렌드 변화에 따른 이용성 확대로 신선허브의 수요가 증가하고 있으나 아직은 허브 식물원료의 대부분을 수입에 의존하고 있고, 로즈마리 역시 식물원료뿐 아니라 가공품까지 외국에서 수입하여 사용하는 실정이다. 2018년 로즈마리 수입량은 신선상태 978kg, 건조상태 23,404kg으로 높은 수입의존에 따른 가격 상승과 긴 유통기간에 의한 품질 저하 등의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 로즈마리 어린 순 재배 적정 삽수 길이를 설정하고 어린 순 생산 가능 기간을 구명하여 추후에 고품질 로즈마리 어린 순 집약생산을 위한 다단재배기술을 확립하고자 수행되었다. 삽수 길이는 5, 10, 15cm로 하였고, 삽목 시기는 4월 하순 ~ 8월 하순까지 30일 간격으로 5회 실시하였다. 적정 삽수 길이 설정 실험에서는 15cm 삽수 발근률이 85.6%로 가장 높았으며 신초 출현시기는 5월 26일, 어린 순 생산시기는 6월 23일로 가장 빨랐고 수확시까지 소요일수는 56일로 가장 짧았다. 기대수량 또한 728g/m²로 가장 높았다. 로즈마리 어린 순 생산 가능 기간 구명 실험에서는 4월 28일 삽목시 발근율이 85.6%로 가장 높았고 육묘기간은 28일 어린 순 생산까지 소요일수는 56일로 가장 짧았다. 삽목 시기별 어린 순 품질 및 생산량은 4월 28일 삽목시 품질이 좋았으며 기대수량 또한 728g/m²로 가장 높았다. 결과적으로 상품성 있는 어린순 생산에 적합한 삽수 길이는 15cm, 삽목 시기는 4월 하순 경에 했을 때, 로즈마리의 생육상태, 수확까지의 기간, 어린 순 생산량 등 종합적인 면에서 가장 우수한 값을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2020

본 연구는 국내 자생 방향성 식물의 자원발굴과 증식, DB 구축을 위하여 수행되었다. 배초향은 꿀풀과에 속하는 다년생 식물로 대표적인 한국의 방향식물이다. 한의학에서는 배초향의 지상부를 곽향이라 하여 음식으로 인한 체증, 오한, 복통 등을 치료하는 한약재로 사용되며 그 밖의 관상용, 밀원용, 식품용, 향신료 등 다양한 산업제품의 원료로 사용되고 있다. 배초향의 유전형질 특성 및 정유성분 조사를 위하여 국립농업유전자원센터로부터 배초향 종자(30자원)를 분양받아 발아시킨 후 시험연구포장에 증식하였다. 증식된 배초향을 대상으로 개화기, 식물 및 꽃의 색, 잎의 모양 등 개체별 형질특성을 조사하였으며 일정시기에 일시 수확하여 정유추출 후 GC/MS 분석을 통하여 정유의 화학성분을 분석하였다. 배초향의 개화시기는 6월 10일 경~7월 29일 경이었고 초장은 약 80cm~186cm이었다. 잎의 모양은 30자원 중 광난형 12자원, 피침형 10자원, 난형 8자원의 분포였고 식물체의 색은 green과 red-purple 계열이 각각 22자원과 8자원이었다. 배초향 꽃의 색깔은 RHS Colour chart 참조하여 149P 10P 8/4, 129B 10P 7/8, 37V 2.5RP 4/12의 색으로 분류하여 조사하였다. 129B 10P 7/8에 해당하는 자원이 18자원으로 가장 많은 분포를 차지하였다. 배초향의 정유성분 분석 결과, 정유수율은 0.11%~0.44%이었고 정유성분은 estragole, methyl eugenol, menthone 등이었다. 배초향의 주성분으로 알려진 estragole은 30자원 중 13자원의 주요정유성분인 것으로 나타났다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.871-876
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• 2010

Seven native and four introduced herbs namely $Thymus$ $quinquecostatus$, $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ var. $latilobum$, $Rosmarinus$ $officinalis$, etc. were selected for analysis of the DPPH radical scavenging and anti-microbial activity of their extracts. These perennial herbs are classified as $Labiatae$ and $Compositae$ except for $Saururus$ $chinensis$ and can be propagated through seedling and cuttage. These edible herbs are used as medicinal as well as ornamental plants. Their extract has electron donating ability which ranges from 69.7 to 78.7% for native herbs and 67.4 to 75.4% for introduced herbs. Native herbs have higher (3.54%) average DPPH radical scavenging than introduced herbs. In native herbs, maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed in $Agastache$ $rugosa$ (78.7%) followed by $Saururus$ $chinensis$ while $Chamaemelum$ $nobile$ showed highest activity among the introduced herbs. Many herbs viz. $Saururus$ $chinensis$, $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ var. $latilobum$ and $Solidago$ $virga-aurea$ var. $gigantean$ showed excellent anti-microbial activity against gram positive $Enterococcus$ $faecalis$, maximum (80.0%) by $Saururus$ $chinensis$. Other herbs viz. $Solidago$ $virga-aurea$ var. $gigantea$, $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ var. $latilobum$, $Salvia$Salvia $plebeia$, $Chrysanthemum$ $indicum$, $Rosmarinus$ $officinalis$, $Chamaemelum$ $nobile$ and $Lavandula$ $stoechas$ showed anti-microbial activity against gram negative $Citrobacter$ $freundii$. Especially, the inhibition of colony growth of $Citrobacter$ $freundii$ was highest in the extract of $Chrysanthemum$ $zawadskii$ var. $latilobum$, and $Chamaemelum$ $nobile$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.509-516
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• 2017

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. sprouts (PFS) is a plant of the labiatae family. The purpose of this work was to assess the preventive effects of PFS ethanolic extracts (PFSEs) on cytokine-induced ${\beta}$-cell damage. Cytokines, which are released by the infiltration of inflammatory cells around the pancreatic islets, are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The combination of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-1), interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of intracellular ROS led to ${\beta}$-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. PFSEs possess antioxidant activity and thus lead to downregulation of ROS generation. Cytokines decrease cell viability, stimulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and induce the production of nitric oxide (NO). PFSEs prevented cytokine-induced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation with PFSE resulted in significant reduction in cytokine-induced NO production that correlated with reduced levels of the iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Furthermore, PFSE significantly decreased the activation of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) by inhibition of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation in RINm5F cells. In summary, our results suggest that the protective effects of PFSE might serve to counteract cytokine-induced ${\beta}$-cell destruction. Findings indicate that consumption of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. sprouts alleviates hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced ${\beta}$-cell damage and thus has beneficial anti-diabetic effects.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.365-380
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• 2009

Flora of vascular plants in mountains located at Wonju-si and Hoengseong-gun areas such as Chiak-san(1,288m), Taegi-san(1,261.4m), Obong-san(1,126.2m), Eungbong-san(1,094.9m), Eodab-san(789.4m), Deokgo-san(521.2m), Deokga-san(700.5m) and Seongji-bong(791m) was investigated from April, 2008 to May, 2009, and results from the previous researches in which voucher specimens had been presented from Balgyo-san(998.4m), Oeum-san(930.4m), Baekun-san(1,037.1m) and Chiak-san(1,288m) were included in the list of vascular plants from these areas. This investigations resulted in 804 taxa consisted of 680 species, 1 subspecies, 111 varieties, and 12 forms of 383 genera under 97 families, and totally in 973 taxa (21.14% of all vascular plants in Korea) of 818 species, 1 subspecies, 138 varieties and 16 forms of 418 genera under 105 families on addition of voucher specimens in the previous researches. Forests of the investigated areas were generally mixed of Pinus densiflora and deciduous trees. The areas with comparatively excellent vegetation were valley from Guryong-sa (temple) to Biro-bong (summit) via Seryeom-pokpo (fall) in Mt. Chiak-san, and Keunseong-gol (valley) and eastern slope from Taegibungyo-teo to Naksu-dae (fall) in Mt. Taegi-san. 10 families with abundantly collected species were Compositae, Graminae, Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Leguminosae, Cyperaceae, Liliaceae, Saxifragaceae, Umbelliferae and Labiatae in order, and they occuied 49.12% of all collected taxa. Endemic plants found in these areas were 38 taxa including Hanabusaya asiatica, Megaleranthis saniculifolia, and Pyrus ussuriensis var. diamantica, and rare and endangered ones were 24 taxa including Hanabusaya asiatica, Viola websteri, Viola diamantica, and Patrina saniculaefolia. Specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment were 88 taxa including 12 taxa of 5th degree such as Woodsia intermedia, Hanabusaya asiatica, Equisetum pratense, Iris koreana, Lilium cernum, Trillium tschonoskii, Magnolia kobus(cultivated), Gastrodia elata, Polypodium virginianum, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Megaleranthis saniculifolia and Viola websteri. 47 taxa of alien plants were found. As to 609 taxa (13.23% of all vascular plants in Korea) of useful plants, 334 taxa for the edible, 269 taxa for the medicinal, 127 taxa for the ornamental, 332 taxa for the forage, 3 taxa for the industrial raw material, 31 taxa for the timber and 13 taxa for the fiber were classified, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

The object of this study was to examine the effects of air pollution on forest vegetation structure in the vinicity of Sasang industrial complex in Korea. Forest vegetation structure was investigated at 19 sample plots surrounding industrial complex and at one site away from industrial complex as a control. The results obtained were as follows; 1. For analysis of vegetation structure, upperstory of forests was mostly consisted of Pinus thunbergii, and partly of Alnus firma and Robinia pseudoacacia. In midstory, major components were Pinus thunbergii, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rhus trichocarpa, Rhus chinensis and Styrax japonica, In lower story, Pinus thunbergii was a minor component, while Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus serrata, Rhus trichocarpa. and Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense which were known to be resistant to air pollution were found in large number. Especially, importance percentage of Robinia pseudoacacia was high, while that of Rhododendron mucronulatum was low in surrounding industrial complex. 2. For woody plants, number of species, species diversity and similarity index in industrial complex, were not significantly different from those in control plot. 3. For herbs, Oplismenus undulatifolius appeared in large number in most plots. The $SDR_3$ of Miscanthus sinensis, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Paederia scandens, Spodiopogon cotulifer and Carex humilis were high, but that of Aster scaber, Saussurea seoulensis, Solidago virgaaurea var. asiatica and Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina were low in the vicinity of industrial complex. 4. Number of herb species decreased to below 10 species at surrounding industrial complex as compared to 20 species in the control plot. In addition species diversity, and similarity index in the industrial complex were lower than those in control plot. It may be concluded that Pinus thunbergii forests in industrial complex consists of tree species resistant to air pollution, and that composition of woody vegetation in industrial complex was not much different from control plot, while composition of herbs was already quite different between the two plots. Forest vegetation structure, therefore, may change with time due to air pollution in the industrial complex.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.135-153
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• 2021

The demilitarized zone (DMZ) is a border barrier with 248 kilometers in length and about 4 kilometers in width crossing east to west to divide the Korean Peninsula about in half. The boundary at 2 kilometers to the south is called the southern limit line. The DMZ has formed a unique ecosystem through a natural ecological succession after the Armistice Agreement and has high conservation value. However, the use of facilities for the military operation and the unchecked weeding often damage the areas in the vicinities of the southern limit line's iron-railing. This study aimed to prepare basic data for the restoration of damaged barren vegetation. As a result of classifying vegetation communities based on indicator species, 10 communities were identified as follows: Duchesnea indica Community, Hosta longipes Community, Sedum kamtschaticum-Sedum sarmentosum Community, Potentilla anemonefolia Community, Potentilla fragarioides var. major Community, Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Community, Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum-Carex lanceolata Community, Dendranthema zawadskii Community, Plantago asiatica-Trifolium repens Community, and Ixeris stolonifera-Kummerowia striata Community. Highly adaptable species can characterize vegetation in barren areas to environment disturbances because artificial disturbances such as soil erosion, soil compaction, topography change, and forest fires caused by military activities frequently occur in the barren areas within the southern limit line. Most of the dominant species in the communities are composed of plants that are commonly found in the roads, roadsides, bare soil, damaged areas, and grasslands throughout South Korea. Currently, the vegetation in barren areas in the vicinities of the DMZ is in the early ecological succession form that develops from bare soil to herbaceous vegetation. Since dominant species distributed in barren land can grow naturally without special maintenance and management, the data can be useful for future restoration material development or species selection.