• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.77-81
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• 2014

There have been developed in authentication systems for information using biometric information approaches such as fingerprint, face, and iris. In general, a door-lock system is operated by touching keypads, which remains fingerprints on the keypads. Such door-lock systems do not protect personal information from others due to the exposure of fingerprints to keypads. In this paper, we propose the new door-lock system that does not leave fingerprints on the keypads. Without touching keypad the system works because the system accepts authentication information by using illuminance sensor and LED. The experiment shows that the implemented door-lock system works well under any circumstance.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.329-333
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• 2013

Controversies exist regarding the treatment options for the end-stage arthritic change in the lateral tarsometatarsal joints. Arthrodesis has been frequently performed, but has a disadvantage of sacrificing a mobile joint. Resection arthroplasty also gained its popularity, especially in the patients with Rheumatoid arthritis, but possible hypermobility can lead to deformity. We report a successful clinical outcome of a patient with Rheumatoid arthritis in the 4th, 5th tarsometatarsal joints treated with tendon interpositional arthroplasties.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to investigate behavior related to viewing pornography sites by primary, middle, and high school students in one province. Methods: The participants were 2,939 primary (5, 6 grade), middle and high school students (1, 2 and 3 grade), chosen at random in big cities, small towns and rural areas of North Cholla Province. Results: The first experience of finding pornography sites by oneself was 21.1% for the total sample and for primary school students 6.8%, for middle school students, 31.0%, and for high school students, 62.2%. The first time on a pornography site was highest for middle school students (62.0%) and for grade, middle school 1 grade (25.7%). The pornography use resulted in difficulties with study (11.3%), desire to imitate what was seen in pornography (10.9%), imitation of what was seen the pornography (3.9%), and desire to visit pornography sites everyday (2.3%). Pornography contact behavior was related to gender and school type (p<.05). Independent access to pornography and experiencing difficulties with study were related to area of residence (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that systematic education policy and further research on needs for pornography contact should be examined to develop programs to decrease pornography contact behavior.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relationship between smoking, drinking and safety behavior in middle and high school students in one Korean province, North Cholla. Method: The study sample included 1,327 randomly selected middle and high school students from S-Gun area in Chonbuk Province. The data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire developed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (2005). The data were analyzed using the SPSSWIN 15.0 program. Results: The smoking rate in the middle and high school students was 6.9%, and the drinking rate was 24.9%. The rate for seatbelt use was 49.3%, for drunk driving, 8.8%, and for riding in car driven by a drunk driver, 24.0%. The rates for seatbelt use, for drunk driving, and for riding in a drunk driver were higher in smokers and drinkers than in non-smokers and non-drinkers(p<.05). Conclusion: The smoking and drinking status of the adolescents was correlated with their safety behavior practices as they relate to seatbelt use, drunk driving, and for riding in car driven by a drunk driver. Therefore, an elementary school level program to curb student smoking and alcohol consumption is needed to prevent smoking and alcohol consumption in middle and high school students and contribute to improvement in their safety behavior practices.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

This study examined the relation between children's interpersonal problem solving strategies and their temperament. Two hundred and fifty nine children of the 3rd and the 5th grades were chosen from 3 elementary schools as the subjects. Data from two hundreds and six children were analysed. Alternative problem solving strategies as one of children's interpersonal problem solving strategies and their temperament were analysed according to their grade, sex, and the target persons. Children showed age and sex differences in using strategies; the 3rd graders used more solutions than the 5th graders in affirmative strategies and the girls used more solutions than the boys in affirmative strategies, but showed no differences in using negative strategies. In temperament, the 3rd graders were higher in Persistence than the 5th graders, the boys were higher in activity and the girls were higher in mood. Temperament of the children had relations with their using alternative problem solving strategies when the target persons were peers or teachers but not mothers. Persistence and mood, which are the subcategories of temperament had relations with affirmative strategies for the 3rd graders.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.272-280
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-efficacy, social support, and depression in elementary school children. Methods: The participants of this study were 619 students from seven elementary schools located in Jollabuk-do Province, Korea. The methods included data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN version 15.0. Results: The mean scores of self-efficacy, social support, and depression were $2.9{\pm}0.58$, $3.2{\pm}0.44$ and $14.0{\pm}7.32$, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and social support (r=.517, p<.001). Significant negative correlations were observed between self-efficacy and depression (r=-.557, p<.001) and between social support and depression (r=-.571, p<.001). The variables of depression in elementary school children were self-efficacy and social support, which explained 42.7% of the cases. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that current intervention programs are not sufficient to curb depression in elementary school children and therefore it is needed to develop nursing intervention programs to promote self-efficacy and social support.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to compare the stop-smoking rate and nicotine dependency for an adult smoker after implementing the smoking cessation program. Method: Fourty-six adult smokers participated. Self report questionnaire and telephone interview were conducted at the pretest, 6 months later, 1 year later, 2 years later, 3 years later. Result: 1. Stop-smoking rate of smoking cessation program participants was 43.5% 6 months later, 35.6% 1 year later, 24.4% 2 years later, 45.5% 3 years later. 2. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 6 months later(paired-t=4.719, p=.000). 3. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 1 year later(pired-t=4.296=.000). 4. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 2 years later(paired-t=2.778. p=.000). 5. The mean of nicotine dependency for continuing smokers was significantly decreased 3 years later(paired-t=2.795. p=.000). Conclusion: The smoking cessation program was effective to induce cessation in the adult smoker, and to decrease nicotine dependency in the continuing adult smoker.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.217-229
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• 2007

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the relationship between smoking, drinking and the mental health of adolescents. Method: The study subjects included 1,092 randomly sampled third-year middle and high school students from N-City and the L-Kun area in Chonbuk Province. The data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire developed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare(2005). The data were analyzed using the SPSSWIN 15.0 Program. Result: The smoking rate in the adolescents was 10.1%, and the drinking rate was 43.2%. The stress recognition rate in normal daily life was 45.5%, the frequency of depressive symptoms was 33.2% and 40.0% of the subjects reported that they wanted to die at some point within the past year. The rate of stress recognition, depressive symptom experience, suicidal planning and attempt in smokers and drinkers was higher than that in non-smokers and non-drinkers (p<.05). Especially, the frequency of suicidal thoughts was higher in the drinkers than in the non-drinkers (p<.05). Conclusion: The smoking and drinking status of the adolescents was correlated with their mental health a sit relates to stress, depression and suicide. Therefore, an effective program for the prohibition of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption is needed in order to prevent smoking and alcohol consumption in adolescents and improve their mental health status.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.292-295
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• 2005

Synthesis of methyl 3-methyloctanoate, a perfume component isolated from African orchid Aerangis confusa (or Aerangis kirkii) was achieved starting from itaconic acid in 9 steps. Itaconic acid is one of the cheapest organic compounds which is the fermentation product of microorganism Asp. terreus. As the key intermediate, 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol 4-acetate was obtained through the enzymatic regioselective hydrolysis of 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol diacetate with lipase. After Grignard reaction and oxidation, 3-methyloctanoic acid was obtained and converted to the various corresponding scented esters with a variety of alkyl alcohols, and the resulting fragrancy esters are expected to be utilized as the aroma additive materials in cosmetics, drinks and foods.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.271-292
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate what English teachers think about what and how to teach culture, as a way of helping students build relevant background knowledge and enhance their motivation in learning English. A total of 300 teachers completed a self-report questionnaire in four areas: (i) their understanding and liking of English-spoken countries, (ii) their use of materials and tools for teaching culture, (iii) their consciousness of teaching culture, and (iv) their needs for culture learning in the teacher-training program. The results show that (i) they think American culture is dominant in EFL but they are much interested in British culture; (ii) they rely on internet most for their cultural experience while they think students get much of the cultural information from textbooks; (iii) they are very much conscious of the importance of teaching culture for improving students' English proficiency; (iv) they want to learn in the teacher training program more about cultural practice, which can be subsumed under the so called 'small c'. The findings suggest that (i) textbooks need to include contents to promote students' cultural awareness and foster intercultural competence, (ii) teachers should use authentic materials with appropriate adaptation, and (iii) a teacher training program should cover a wide range of contents and skills for teaching culture.