• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.73-102
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• 2008

This paper investigates the possibility that children in school limit their mothers' labor supply. The theoretical background for the possibility is that mothers may choose to stay home if their time and monetary inputs on children's quality investment are poor substitutes for each other. The empirical findings suggest that labor supply of highly educated women and those with high household income is relatively suppressed by their children in school.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-87
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• 1995

본 논문은 기혼여성의 경제활동 참가와 경제활동 참가 이후의 노동시간 공급을 결정짓는 요인을 분석하고, 그러한 노동공급행태의 시기적 변화를 살펴보았다. 이에 의하면, 학력이 높을수록 오히려 경제활동에 참가할 확률이 떨어지며, 6세 미만 자녀가 없을수록, 타소득수준이 낮을수록 경제활동 참가확률이 높게 나타난다. 미국의 경우 임금상승이 기혼여성 노동공급증가의 주요한 원인이라는 결론이 실질적으로 모든 연구에서 반복되어 왔으나 한국의 경우 실질임금수준은 크게 상승하지 않았음에도 불구하고 기혼여성의 노동공급이 이보다 빠른 속도로 증가했다. 그러나 1992년 분석결과에서 기혼여성의 취업구조가 다소 변화하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 무엇보다 시장임금수준이 높을 것으로 기대되는 여성일수록 경제활동 참가확률이 높아지는 경향이 뚜렷하게 나타난다는 사실이 1985년과 비교해 주요한 특징을 이룬다. 그러한 변화는 학력이 경제활동에 미치는 음의 효과가 여전하고 노동시간으로 본 노동공급이 시장임금의 변화에 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타난 점에서 상당히 완만하게 진행되고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.97-124
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• 2001

Co-residence is a type of intergenerational private transfers of resources: money, time and space. Adult daughters and their elderly parents decide to co-reside, depending on their utility levels before and after co-residence that mainly depend on the health status of the elderly. Therefore, co-residence implies positive net benefits to both parties in the sense that, when they co-reside, elderly parents share childcare and adult daughter provide elderly care. In other words, formal (paid) care can be substituted with informal (unpaid) one. Both marriage and giving births are considered as the major obstacles to labor market attachment of women who bear burdens of home production and childcare. Co-residence can be a solution for married women to avoid career interruption by sharing burdens with their elderly parents. However, most previous studies using the U.S. data on intergenerational private transfers focused on elderly care and have concluded that they reduce government expenditures associated with public subsidies to the elderly. This study focuses on adult daughters and it examines effects of co-residence on labor supply of married women in Korea, who face limited formal childcare programs in terms of both quantity and quality. It applies the Tobit model of married women's labor supply to the data from the Second Wave of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey( 1999), in order to investigate effects of co-residence and the work and health status of the co-residing elderly as well as their own health status. Four specifications of the empirical model are tested that each includes co-residence with elderly parents, their gender, or their work and health status. Estimation results show that co-residence, co-residence with female elderly, and co-residence with not-working female elderly have significant positive effects on labor supply of married women while poor health status of co-residing female elderly does not bring about any negative effects. However, co-residence with male elderly, regardless of their work and health status, has no significant effect The results indicate that co-residence is closely related to sharing of home production among female elderly and adult daughters who are married and, through intergenerational private transfers of resources in terms of time, it helps women avoid career interruption.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.37-68
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• 2017

This study analyzes the relationship between household debts and married female's labor supply. For doing this we construct effective interest rate faced by each household using interest paid amount and household financial debt amount. The effective interests rate for the households which have no financial debt are estimated by Heckman Selection model. The estimation results show that the increase in effective interest rate has led to the expansion of married women's the labor market participation. This suggests a possibility that negative scenarios resulting from an increase in interest rate can be partially offset by an increase in household labor supply and a rise in labor income.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the labor supply of married women. Based on the theoretical review of the process for the labor supply of married women and the review of previous research, the emperical specification was deduced as a function of husband's income, assets, education and age, the number of children and home ownership. The data of this research was collected with questionnaire in 1998. The data consisted of the answers by 200 married women. For the measurement of the emperical specification, Logit, Tobit, and Selection Bias Corrected Regression which modifies selection bias were used. Although several different discussions can made depending on the measurement method, the emperical result of this research showed that the labor supply of married women is explained by husband's income, assets, the level of education and work experience.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-153
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• 2004

본 연구는 국내 외국인 가정부 고용에 대한 연구로 국내 가정부 고용의 역사와 추이를 살펴 본 후, 외국인 가정부의 고용현황 및 실태를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 가정학계 쪽의 문헌 및 신문자료의 검토를 통해 조선시대 이후, 특히 1960년대 이후 내국인 가정부의 고용추이와 특성을 파악하였고, 지역별 사회복지관과 YWCA 담당자 전화조사를 통해 현재 국내 가정부 노동시장의 수요와 공급 정도를 살펴 본 후, 법무부 출입국관리국의 통계자료와 2002년 불법체류 자진신고자료 및 2001년 말부터 2004년 초까지 인터넷 웹사이트를 통한 외국인 가정부 구인구직 광고내용을 분석하여, 국내 외국인 가정부 고용의 현황과 특성을 파악하였다. 이 연구의 주요 발견은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 그간 국내에서 외국인 가정부가 활성화되지 못한 가장 중요한 이유는 다른 아시아 신흥공업국에 비해 국내 기혼여성 특히 중류층 이상의 고학력 기혼여성의 취업이 저조하였기 때문이다. 동시에, 하류층 기혼여성의 취업기회도 제한적이므로, 현재까지는 내국인 시간제 파출부 시장에서 수요보다는 공급이 더 많기 때문이다. 둘째, 필리핀인 여성 대신에 중국동포가 국내의 외국인 가정부 시장을 독점한 이유는 중국동포는 한국어는 물론 우리의 풍습을 많이 유지하고 있어서 이들을 고용하는 것이 더 편하기 때문이다. 그러나 그동안 주로 40대 이상의 중${\cdot}$고령층의 중국동포 여성이 국내로 유입되었다는 점도 이들을 '탈여성화'된 그리고 '모성적'인 입주가정부로 활용하게 된 중요한 이유이다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.155-175
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• 1999

본 연구는 대구 섬유산업의 재구조화를 지역 내.외적 요인들의 관계적 관점에서 분석하고, 이에 기초하여 지역경제 발전전략의 정책적 함의를 도출하기 위해 수행되었다. 1970년대 이후 대구 섬유산업은 정부의 중화학공업 정책과 수출지향적 경제발전 정책에 힘입어 화학섬유 중심의 대량생산과 수출체제를 수립하였다. 노동력 공급의 부족현상이 나타남에 따라 노동력을 안정적으로 확보하기 위해 산업체 특별학급.부설학교와 섬유기술진흥원을 설립하였고 또한 기혼여성 노동력을 활용하기 시작하였다. 그리고 생산시설은 대구시 외곽지역에 집중적으로 입지하였다. 1980년대 중반 이후 대구 섬유산업은 국내.외 환경변화에 따라 구조전환을 시도하고 있다. 지역노동시장에서 저임금 노동력 확보가 어렵게 됨에 따라 자동섬유기계의 도입을 증대시키고 기혼여성과 외국인 노동력을 적극적으로 활용하고 있으며, 자본과 생산시설을 경북이나 해외로 이동시키고 있다. 대구 섬유산업의 재구조화 정책은 섬유업체간에 협력체제의 구축, 노.사공생의 노동제도 확립, 섬유업과 연관된 생산자 서비스업의 육성 등을 중심으로 추진되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.59-91
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• 2020

The recent reform of child care policy is to give priority to double-income households in the use of childcare facilities. This study analyzed the effect of the use of childcare facilities on the employment of married women under the on-going reform. Using the data from the 19th and 21st wave of the Korean Labor and Income Study, the marginal treatment effect (MTE) analysis method was used to eliminate the selection bias in which the sub-population targeted for policy is determined according to the priority when childcare demand exceeds supply. The study finds that the employment effect of married women who use childcare facilities does not differ statistically from the employment effect of married women who do not use childcare facilities.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-137
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• 1996

Under-utilization of Korean women's education in the labor market has been observed and pointed out as a waste of valuable human resources. Although education provides women with positive returns when they work, it has been found that Korean women's education is not much related to the likelihood of women's labor force participation. This tendency cannot be explained by micro-economic theory, which says that educated women are more likely to participate in the labor force. Thus, in this analysis, a macro-level explanation is attempted to understand Korean women's economic behaviors in relation to education. Korea's rapid industrialization since 1960 has provided ample job opportunities mostly for less educated women. On the other hand, increasing demand for educated female labor has been moderate. Various restriction against women, especially married women, have prevailed in the Korean labor market. Restrictions against women and the marriage bar tend to be selectively applied to decent white-collar jobs, mostly affecting educated women. Furthermore, there has been no shortage of educated male labor due to its adequate supply. Since Korean women spend most of their adult lives in marriage, married women's low participation in the labor force is a critical factor for the low economic returns to women's education throughout their lifetime. Restriction against married women in the labor market also existed in the past of the United States and the Great Britain. However, along with the expansion of the service sector, married women in great numbers flowed into non-manual jobs. The post-1940 increase of married women in the labor force in those countries can be understood to be a result of a labor shortage for non-manual jobs. Also in Taiwan, which shares many common cultural and economic backgrounds with Korea, the marriage bar has been in decline since the late 1970s, along with an increasing demand for female labor in the service sector. In sum, the changes in the demand structure and the supply of educated male labor force will contribute to the lift of the marrige bar in Korea.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.5-36
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• 1998

This study examines the change of female labor market structure during the last several decades, focusing the effects of demographic factors such as declining fertility and increasing educational attainment of women. Women of the recent cohort tend to postpone their first marriages, to attain higher levels of education, and to have smaller number of children than women of the old cohort. This demographic trend results in the change of the population compositions in a way that population subgroups with high labor force participation have been increased. In addition, women of each population subgroup supply their labor in the market with higher rate than their old cohort counterparts. The labor force participation rate of highly educated women, and of married women has been increased faster than that of women with low education and of unmarried women. Although childbirth is still one of the most critical barrier for the women's participation, more and more women with young children tend to work for pay than ever before. In spite of the demographic change which is supportive to the increasing labor force participation, the Korean labor market have lost its female participants for the last year of the economic restructuring, reflecting demand-side factors as well as demographic factors are essential to determine the labor force participation of women.