• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.511-530
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• 2020

The present study aimed to examine the moderating effects of marital satisfaction (MS) on the association between the number of chronic disease (CD) and depressive symptoms (DS) among ol der men and women. The 6th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing was utilized and the sample was married men (N=585) and women (N=460) aged 65 and over. Multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN 25.0 and Process Macro was used to test moderating effects of MS. Control variables were age, education, household income, parent-child relationship satisfaction, self-rated health, cognitive function, current smoking status and CD of spouse. Resul ts from elderly men showed the moderating effect of MS was significant. Specifically, those with more CD were more likely to report higher level of DS in the low MS group. However, the effect of CD on DS was not significant in the high MS group. Results from elderly women showed the moderating effect of MS was not significant. This study showed the moderating effect of MS on the association between CD and DS differed by gender in later life. It suggests practical intervention to utilize the resources of spouses is in need to promote mentally healthy aging even though having chronically ill in later life.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2022

Background: Research is necessary to enhance the mental health of psychiatric unit nurses and the quality of nurse services. Purpose: This study was to obtain primary data for enhancing the psychological well-being of psychiatric nurses by investigating the factors that affect them. Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive research study. The study period was from February 18 to March 31, 2019, with the subjects being 150 psychiatric nurses working in the ward of a psychiatric hospital in Gyeongnam. We used questionnaires on job stress measurement, the Korean version of the interpersonal response index, resilience scale, and psychological well-being. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: The subjects' levels of the job stress, empathy, resilience, and psychological well-being ranged from 2.34 to 3.33 points. The level of recovery resilience and well-being according to the subject's characteristics is 40 years or older, married, religious, ten years of nurse experience, above average economic level, psychiatric qualifications, senior nurse or higher, resilience education. All participants were significantly (p < .001). Conclusions: In this study, psychological well-being increased as the job stress was low and empathy and resilience were high. Therefore, it should make a proper education program to improve the strength and well-being of psychiatric nurses.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2021

This study surveyed visitors' perceptions of Mudeungsan National Park's Seoseokdae Trail Section (STS) on the visitor reservation system (VRS). Data were collected from 248 visitors to STS selected through convenient sampling in May 2019. The majority (86.9%) of the respondents rated their overall experience in STS as either "no problem at all" or "little problem". Moreover, 43.0% of the respondents were aware of the VRS. The most popular information source for VRS was the Internet (49.7%), followed by other people (18.4%) and broadcasting media, e.g., TV (17.7%). While 69.9% of the respondents thought that implementation of VRS would be effective in improving managerial conditions of the STS, respondents perceived that "cumbersome reservation procedures" (79.3%) of the VRS operation was the most important problem, followed by "unfairness associated with Internet familiarity gap" (78.7%) and "deprivation of the opportunities to visit freely" (76.3%). The support for VRS implementation was higher among higher-aged, married, higher-educated, more frequent STS visitors, Gwangju residents, and solo visitors than the other groups. The "knowledge level about VRS" and "the awareness level about potential problems associated with VRS operation" negatively influenced the support for the implementation of VRS, while "the perceived managerial effectiveness of VRS" positively influenced it.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.65
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• pp.55-80
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• 2021

This study attempted to find a Christian religious alternative to the seriousness of the problem of low birth rate which has become a national and social problem, and its alternative. Korea is a low birth rate country. The phenomenon of low birth rate and childbirth avoidance is a reality that not only are national problems but also Korean churches are experiencing serious problems, and will continue to affect them. It will affect the church in four major ways. First, is a sharp decline in the number of members. Second, is the decline of Sunday schools. Third, various family problems and generational conflicts will arise. And it brings problems such as a crisis of faith among members. Young people living today have an unconventional attitude toward marriage, childbirth, and parenting. But for Christians, childbirth is a way of living in that God blessed us to "be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth." In other words, childbirth must be recognized as a blessing from God, not a human decision. Therefore, we must know how precious the fetus is in front of God and that it is a precious life. Thus, we should be interested in how to nurture the life God has given. To do so the church's role is education is to shape the value of life from a biblical perspective. Therefore the church needs to see how the Christian faith of young and married couples who are about to marry, give birth, and raise children, affects the childbirth and rearing of children. And it is necessary to study what the role of church and Christian education is to solve the problem of low birth rate and to suggest alternatives. For this study, we will first identify the factors of low birth rate. Then we will confirm childbirth and the blessing of God through the Bible. Finally, the role of the church in low birth rate and educational alternatives will be presented.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.19-36
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was (a) to identify latent profiles among employed Korean mothers of third graders based on work-family conflict, work-family enrichment, work-parenting conflict, and work-parenting enrichment, (b) to examine the antecedents of profile membership at the individual, family, work, and community levels, and (c) to investigate the differences in the various psychological outcomes across the profiles. The sample of 451 married employed mothers was a subset of data from the 10th Wave of the Panel Study of Korean Children, which was collected in 2017 when the focal child was in the third grade. Our latent profile analysis suggested a three-profile model that comprised enriched (11.91%), moderate (47.85%), and mixed (40.24%) profiles. The significant antecedents of profile membership were subjective health status, the child's adjustment to school, working hours, the community's suitability for childrearing, and satisfaction with community service facilities. Regarding psychological outcomes, the levels of life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and job satisfaction were higher in the following order: enriched, moderate, and mixed profiles. The levels of depressive symptoms were in the reverse order: mixed, moderate, and enriched profiles. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the literature on work-family interactions by considering various predictors and outcomes at multiple levels.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.31-47
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• 2022

This paper examines residential environment quality and housing expenses of young households through longitudinal analysis. Using the 5^th and 15^th Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS), this research compared their housing outcomes with those of the Korean households. The statistical analysis revealed that most young households were highly-educated, salaried workers who were predominantly married men in their early 30s. There was a sharp rise in the number of female householders and one-person households. Also, the young households were largely renters of mid-sized multi-family housing with two bedrooms in non-Seoul Metropolitan Area. Their housing expense was slightly higher than the national average. As a proportion of renters of multi-family housing (exclusive of apartments) rose, the proportion of young households who spent more than 25% of their income increased faster than the national average. The proportion of young households in the Seoul Metropolitan Area outpaced the national average. Their monthly rental arrangements grew in contrast to no change in the nationwide monthly rental arrangement over the survey period, resulting in their high burden on housing expenses. Their homeownership rate was below the national average, and it decreased while the overall homeownership rate increased nationwide, implying that their housing affordability was worsened, which made it difficult for them to move up the housing ladder. Thus, this research suggests housing policies that scale up support for young households.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.153-162
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data to cosmetic waxing industry by investigating the using and awareness of cosmetic waxing. The questionnaires were administered to 230 subjects in Gwangju and Jeon-nam regions and the collected were statistically processed using SPSS ver. 21.0 program. The results are as follows: First, the most frequent groups were 20s in age group, married in marital status, professional in occupation, and high school graduation in educational background. For the difference in awareness by their general characteristics, the hair removal techniques most experienced by subjects were shaving and waxing and most of them came to know the waxing through acquaintance. Most of them reported positive awareness for experience of waxing and clean hygiene and neatness accounted for most of reason. The most frequently used place for waxing was professional cosmetic shops (nail, skin, and hair) and the most frequent motivation for waxing was effectiveness for skin hygiene. The areas where waxing is mainly performed were armpit, arm, and leg. The most of subjects received the procedure twice a month and in spring. Most of them reported 'very satisfied' for the procedure. It is expected, based on the results of this study, that the cosmetic waxing industry as a part of the beauty industry that is attracting attentions as a new growth engine for the development of national economy accomplish growth.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.131-139
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to ensure that the elderly do not enter a facility even if their health deteriorates, but continue to live in the community and receive necessary care. According to the survey of the elderly, the cohabitation type of the elderly in Korea was that they lived with married adults and/or unmarried children in addition to single and married households. Therefore, in this study, using the SPSS 25 program, the effects of the elderly's socio-demographic characteristics and cohabitation type on the intention to continue living in the community was analyzed using the 2020 elderly welfare status survey data. The main research results are as follows. First, gender, age, and residence type of the demographic characteristics of the elderly were found to be statistically significant. Second, single households, married households, and households living with the eldest son revealed the statistical significance level of the elderly. Based on this, we were intending to provide basic data necessary for establishing welfare policies for the elderly, such as strengthening care and an age-friendly environment, in order to improve the continued residence of the elderly in the local community.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-41
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• 2022

This study aims to examine the mediating effects of paternal depression on the relationship between traditional gender role attitudes and the perceived maternal gatekeeping roles of fathers with young children. For this purpose, a survey was conducted by 366 married fathers who raises at least one child who is under seven years old. Mplus 7.0 was used to analyze the structural equation model, and the result showed that higher traditional gender role attitudes relate to more depressive symptoms, higher perceptions of maternal gate closing and lower perceptions of maternal gate opening. Also, more depressive symptoms were related to higher perceptions of maternal gate closing and lower perceptions of maternal gate opening. Additionally, the partial mediation effects of depression were observed in the relationship between traditional gender role attitudes and maternal gate keeping. Based on the findings, implications for therapeutic interventions were discussed, and recommendations for future research are presented.

• Women's Studies Review
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.139-173
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• 2012

This paper examines the delayed situations for gender equality in South Korean, Japanese, and Taiwanese families despite the challenge to the gender division of labor in modern society, and to analyze the contradiction between the notions of gender equality and the experiences women face in East Asia countries. Using EASS data, we analyze the effective difference over the division of household labor according to women's age and length of school time, attitude for gender division of labor, couple's labor time, and family network. In South Korea and Taiwan, men's actual ratio of household division is higher than Japanese men's. On the other hand, Japanese women's ratio of household division is the highest in spite of their progressive attitude for gender equality. It is due to the difference of women's working time among the countries. In South Korea and Taiwan, women tend to work in full time job, so that they seem to inevitably reduce the time for household labor. The family characteristics have an effect on the women's ratio of household division in Taiwan, and the feature of women's employment does in South Korea. The high percentage of three-generation household contributes to the reduction of housework burden in Taiwan. In South Korea, the higher women's education levels, the higher the women's ratio of household division. Women's weakened bargaining power for household labor is due to the relatively low level of high-educated women's economic participation in South Korea. This paper reveals the effective factors on the gender division of household labor. We propose the necessity of the macro-level analysis as well as the analysis of the personal and conjugal feature.