• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 2017

Remotely sensed satellite data is easier to collect and better to represent local phenomenon than a site data. So they can contribute to the activation and development of many research. However, it is necessary to improve spatial resolution suitable for application in the area of complex topography such as the Korean Peninsula. In this study, finer resolution Land Surface Temperature (LST) was downscaled from 4 km to 500 m by combining GOCI with MI data of Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS). It was then statistically analyzed with LST data observed from the ASOS sites to validate its applicability. As a result, it was found that the errors decreased and correlation increased at the most validation sites, also the spatial distribution analysis showed a similar tendency but it expressed the complicated terrain better. This study suggests possibility of expanding the application range of COMS by producing finer resolution data available in various studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.387-387
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• 2011

탄소 나노튜브(Carbon nanotubes, CNTs)는 육각형 모양의 구조로서 오직 탄소만으로 이루어진 소재이다. CNT는 열전도율이 다이아몬드보다 약 2배 우수하고, 전기 전도는 구리에 비해 1,000배 높으며, 강도는 강철보다 100배나 뛰어나다. CNT의 이러한 특성을 이용한 트랜지스터, 태양전지, 가스 검출을 위한 고감도 센서, 나노 섬유, 고분자-탄소나노튜브 고기능 복합체 등 많은 분야에서 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 수직으로 성장된 탄소 나노튜브는 일반적인 재료에서는 보기 드물게 힘들게 직경이 나노 크기인 반면 길이는 수 mm까지 합성 되기 때문에 앞서 언급한 분야로의 활용이 더욱 유리하며, 그 중에서도 나노 섬유, 나노 복합체로서의 활용에 극히 유용하다. 이러한 이유로 수직 배열된 CNT 합성에 많은 연구가 집중 되고 있다. 여러 합성 방법 중 성장 변수를 비교적 용이하게 조절 가능한 열 화학 기상 증착법(Thermal chemical vapor deposition, TCVD)을 이용하여 수직 배열된 수 mm의 CNT를 합성한 연구 결과들이 보고된 바 있다. 그러나 앞선 연구결과들은 CNT의 성장속도가 느릴 뿐만 아니라 합성 시간이 길어질수록 성장 속도가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 반면, 마이크로웨이브 플라즈마 화학 기상 증착법(Microwave plasma CVD, MPCVD)은 기존의 다른 TCVD에 비해 낮은 온도에서 CNT를 합성할 수 있는 장점을 가지며, 고출력(~600 W 이상)의 플라즈마를 사용하기 때문에 성장률이 높고 고밀도의 CNT 합성이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 철을 촉매금속으로 사용하고 MPCVD을 이용하여 얇은 다중벽 CNT를 합성하였다. 철은 직류 마그네트론 스퍼터(D.C magnetron sputter)를 사용하여 증착하였다. 합성시 가스는 탄소 공급원인 메탄($CH_4$)과 함께 플라즈마 공급원인 수소($H_2$)를 사용하였다. 또한 산소($O_2$)의 주입 여부에 따른 CNT의 성장 속도와 성장 길이를 비교하였다. 산소를 주입하였을 때, CNT의 성장 속도와 길이 모두 크게 향상됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이는 촉매금속 표면의 비정질 탄소의 흡착으로 인해 활성화된 촉매금속의 반응시간을 증가시키기 때문이다. 성장된 CNT는 주사전자 현미경(Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM)과 라만 분광법(Raman spectroscopy)을 통해 표면형상과 결정성을 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.213-213
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• 2012

인류의 문명과 함께한 재난 중에서 가뭄은 역사를 거슬러 올라가면 국가의 존폐 위기를 가늠할 정도의 큰 재앙이었다. 우리나라의 가뭄상황을 파악하고 가뭄정보시스템을 구축하기 위해 국내 외의 가뭄관련 기관인 국토해양부, 기상청, 농림수산식품부, 환경부 뿐만아니라, 미국 네브라스카주 링컨대학교내에 설립되어 있는 국립가뭄경감센터(NDMC) 등에 대하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 재난전담기관인 소방방재청에서 가뭄정보시스템을 구축함에 있어 실용적으로 유용한 시스템이 되기 위한 구축방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 국내의 물 관련 기관들이 구축해놓은 다양한 실시간 관측시스템을 연계 활용하기 위하여 가뭄관련 부처인 행정안전부, 국토해양부, 기상청, 농림수산식품부, 환경부 및 소방방재청 등에서 물 관련 현황을 파악하여 실시간 관측정보들을 파악하였다. 소방방재청에서는 국가가뭄정보시스템을 구축하기 위하여 2008년부터 연구를 시작하였으며, 우리나라 각 부처에서 구축한 가뭄관련 시스템들의 조사를 통해 생활 공업 농업용수 분야별로 시스템 구축을 위한 시사점들을 살펴보았다. 가뭄정보시스템의 구축방향 제시에 있어서는 동시접속으로 인한 인터넷 과부하를 예방하면서 실시간으로 수신되는 자료를 활용하여 좀 더 정확한 현황정보를 제공함으로써 시스템 활성화를 기하고자 하였다. 가뭄정보시스템을 구축함에 있어 내부 계산부문과 외부 표출부문으로 나누는 것이 합리적인 것으로 판단되었다. 내부 계산 부문에서는 여러 기관으로부터 수신되는 실시간 자료를 행정안전부 국립방재연구원 분석 평가 센터에서 관리하고 있는 서버에 집적하여 가뭄관련 정보를 수치적으로 계산하는 부문이다. 여기서는 강우자료를 토대로 하여 가뭄지수의 산정과 생활 공업 농업용수 분야별로 지역별 수요량과 공급량의 상태를 파악하여 실시간 가뭄지수(RDI)를 산정할 수 있도록 한다. 실시간 가뭄지수(RDI)는 지역 주민들이 가뭄으로 인한 용수량 현황을 알 수 있는 가뭄지수가 되도록 하고자 한다. 특히, 가뭄지수의 산정제시에 있어서는 가뭄지수에 따른 재해피해 상황을 제시하여 피해를 체감할 수 있도록 하며, 농어촌공사 관할 저수지의 실시간 저수율을 활용하여 공간적 분포를 고려하고 가뭄발생에 대한 간이상수도 및 마을상수도 등의 지역별 용수공급 가능성에 대한 전조정보를 파악하여 가뭄발생 이전에 사전 대응할 수 있도록 구축하고자 한다. 외부 표출 부문은 내부에서 계산된 결과 값을 인터넷의 부하를 줄이면서 자치단체 담당자들이 쉽고 빠르게 관할지역의 궁금한 정보를 파악할 수 있게 인터넷 홈페이지에 게시하여 가뭄정보를 공유하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.939-944
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• 1998

The formation microstructure and properties of novel ceramic composite materials by active filler con-trolled polymer pyrolysis were investigated. Polymethlsiloxane filled with W is of particular interested be-cause of the formation of ceramic bonded hard materials (WC-$W_{2}C$-$S_{1}OC$) for wear resistant applications. Highly metal-filled polymer suspensions were prepared and their conversion to ceramic composites by an-nealing in $N_{2}C$ atmosphere at 1000-$1600^{\circ}C$ were studied. Dimensional change porosity and phase distribution (filler network) were analyzed and correlated to the resulting material properties. Microcrystalline com-posites with the filler reaction products embedded to the resulting material properties. Microcrystalline com-posites with the filler reaction products embedded in a silicon oxycarbide glass matrix were produced. De-pending on the pyrolysis conditions ceramic composites with a density up to 95 TD% a hardness of 7-8.8GPa Yong's modulus of 220-230 GPa a fracture toughness of 6-6.8$MPam^{1/2}$ and a flexual strength of 380-470 MPa were obtained.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.825-835
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• 1994

Synthesis of ETBE as an octane number enhancer from ethanol and isobutene in a flow reactor under atmospheric pressure was studied. Amberlyst-15 and Amberlyst XN-1010 were used as catalysts within the temperature range of $70-140^{\circ}C$. The activity of Amberlyst 15 was higher than that of Amberlyst XN-1010. The reaction rate data obtained under differential reactor condition were tested by a linear regression method to determine the reaction mechanism and kinetic parameters. The ETBE synthesis reaction seems to be proceeded via the LHHW(Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson) machanism. The activation energy of the surface reaction was estimated by the reaction rate constants as well as the adsorption equilibrium constants. Apparent activation energies are 18.64 and 24.19kcal/mol for Amberlyst-15 and Amberlyst XN-1010, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.146-157
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• 2019

This study, as a pilot study to implement and extend the marine healing which has been rapidly extending oversea areas into the domestic market, has collected seven major marine healing resources such as ocean water, sand, salt, mud, seaweeds, forest, and weather targeting selected four pilot municipalities and established a GIS DB. Furthermore, web GIS based marine healing portal has been established to support the easier utilization of the GIS DB and various marine healing related contents, thereby facilitating expansion of related industry. The portal includes marine thematic maps as well as research papers, related therapy manuals, and various activities and programs of the pilot municipalities. It is expected that the portal would contribute to the expansion of the domestic marine healing industry significantly through the pilot operation of the portal, not to mention of the needs of subsequent studies for expansion of the marine GIS DB and securing more various contents.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2001

As it is shown that the Ministry of Education has asked teacher to use ICT (Information and Communication Technology) at least 10% of class time in core subjects of the 7th national curriculum, the ICT using education is being facilitated. In this point of view, current information subject curriculum can be criticized due to the lack of series and redundancy, less connectivity with ICT utilization in other subjects, limitation of training students to adapt rapidly changing world environment. Therefore, we analyze the England's ICT curriculum and derive the concrete objects for competence of students according to their ability, systematic connection with other subjects, class teaching methods based on activities. We insist on that information subject curriculum should focus on the development of learners' concrete competencies rather than learning of tools' functions.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.320-327
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• 1998

The chemical aspects of nitridated surface of sapphire(0001) have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Nitridated layer was formed by remote plasma enhanced-ultrahigh vacuum deposition at a low temperature range. It was confirmed that this nitridated surface was mainly consists of AIN layer. The relative amounts of nitrogen reacted with AL on the sapphire surface and their surface morphology were investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a function of radio-frequency power, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The amounts of atomic nitrogen activated by plasma which was subsequently incorporated into sapphire were increased with RF power. But the amounts of nitrogen reacted with AI in sapphire was initially increased and then remained constant. However, the relative amounts of AIN were nearly constant with irrespective of nitridation temperature and time. Furthermore, a depth porfile of nitridated layer with XPS showed that the nitridated surface consisted of three layers with different stoichiometry.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.305-317
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• 2022

To investigate the blossom infection risk of fire blight on pears, the program Maryblyt has been executed from 2018 to 2022 based on meteorological data from central-Korean cities where fire blight has occurred as well as from southern Korean cities where the disease has not yet occurred. In the past five years, years with the highest risk of pear blossom blight were 2022 and 2019. To identify the optimal time for spraying, we studied the spray mode according to the Maryblyt model and recommend spraying streptomycin on the day after a "High" warning and then one day before forecasted precipitation during the blossom period. Maryblyt also recommends to initiate surgical controls from mid-May for canker blight symptoms on pear trees owing to over-wintering canker in Korea. Web-cam pictures from pear orchards at Cheonan, Icheon, Sangju, and Naju during the flowering period of pear trees were used for comparing real data and constructing a phenological model. The actual starting dates of flowering at southern cities such as Sangju and Naju were consistently earlier than those calculated by the model. It is thus necessary to improve the forecasting model to include field risks by recording the actual flowering period and the first day of the fire blight symptoms, according to the farmers, as well as mist or dew-fall, which are not easily identifiable from meteorological records.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.302-310
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• 2023

In this study, the extent of the impact of rainfall on the outbreak of fire blight during the blossom infection risk period was explored. In the Chungnam province, the outbreak of fire blight disease began in 2015, and changes in the outbreak's scale were most pronounced between 2020 and 2022, significantly escalating from 63 orchards in 2020 to 170 orchards in 2021, before decreasing to 46 orchards in 2022. In 2022, the number of incidence has decreased and the number of canker symptom in branches has also decreased. It was evaluated that the significant decrease of fire blight disease in 2022 was due to the dry weather during the flowering season. In other words, this yearly fluctuation in fire blight outbreaks was correlated with the presence or absence of rainfall and accumulated precipitation during the blossom infection risk period. This trend was observed across all surveyed regions where apples and pears were cultivated. Among the weather conditions influencing the blossom infection risk period, rainfall notably affected the activation of pathogens from over-wintering cankers and flower infections. In particular, precipitation during the initial 3 days of the blossom infection risk warning was confirmed as a decisive factor in determining the outbreak's scale.