• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.105-118
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• 2019

New manufactural innovation was generated with combination with Do It Yourself(DIY) culture and Information and Communication Technology(ICT). It led people to make their creative idea in real things and share them. This social movement has been called as 'Maker' culture. As maker culture was developed, the places named 'Makerspace' with high-tech equipment and sharing environment have been widely spread and gotten spotlight. Futhermore, makerspaces have been diffused rapidly in Korea; because of its importance for the fourth industrial revolution. However, the operation of makerspaces is not matured as much as its popularity, so problems occurred in operating aspects. The number of related studies is not enough to foster domestic maker culture in Korea. Of that, studies on operation of makerspaces were limited and the quantity of survey sample was insufficient. Therefore, firstly, in this study, operation elements of makerspaces were extracted by literature review. And, survey for examining the extracted elements was conducted to four policy makers and researchers, four makerspace operators and four makers. Final survey was carried out by Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) method to fifty recipients composed of policy makers and researchers, operators, and makers. In result, importance located above performance in every elements and in-depth interview was followed to understand domestic surroundings and suggest way to invigorate makerspaces in Korea. The suggestion shows as follows. First, online and offline platform for makers should be expanded; second, makerspace should connect private sponsorship with makers or their projects; third, policy direction has to be improved from venturing business to diffusion of maker culture; fourth, basic maker education should be enlarged.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2021

Generally, the tensile strength of carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRP) should be determined to produce this material. The tensile strength was performed based on ASTM D3039, and this test could cause the error by specimens and human. In this research, the CFRP tensile test was performed with different thickness of specimens and tap, adhesive for attaching tap, and pressure of jig to hold the specimens, while the test was performed based on ASTM D3039. The tensile stress and modulus exhibited differently with different specimen thicknesses, and the 1~1.5 mm thickness of the specimen was optimized. In the case of 0.28 MPa jig pressure, the slip or fracture at the clamping area of the specimen has not occurred, and specimens were fractured to the center section of the specimen. The adhesive to attach jig on specimen should be used to exhibit high adhesive stress. Experimental parameters could cause errors. It is expected to achieve an accurate tensile property evaluation of composite materials via improvements in adhesives, tabs, and jigs.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.35
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• pp.275-295
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• 2009

The aim of this paper is to reject Graham's interpretation of bi (必) and xianzhi (先知) of Later Mohists' Mojing ("墨經") as logical necessity and a priori knowledge respectively. Graham's interpretations of them are based on his beliefs that Mojing distinguishes lun (論), the art of description from bian (辯), the art of inference in the Mohist disciplines and that the latter art should be seen as such a rigorous proof as Euclidean geometry even though it is not a Western formal logic. His beliefs also start from his distinguishing 'knowledge of names' from 'knowledge of conjunction of names and objects' according to the objects of knowledge. In my reading, the art of description and the art of inference, however, can't be sharply distinguished each other in Mojing and bi and xianzhi should be taken as suggesting both a normative necessity and an empirical necessity. A normative necessity is derived from 'normative theory of definition' which comes form the theory of rectification of names in China. The normative theory of definition, unlike the descriptive theory of definition, defines terms normatively rather than descriptively. For example, although such a definition of father, 'father is beneficient', has the form of being descriptive, but it actually is prescriptive and therefore means 'father should be beneficient'. Through this normative theory of definition, empirical knowledge, as long as it is a knowledge, is seen as necessary and so can't be wrong. To conclude, for Mohists an empirical knowledge is always a basis of an inferential knowledge or a priori knowledge, so Mohists' a priori knowledge is not really a fundamental knowledge and its necessity therefore is nothing but both a normative necessity and an empirical necessity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.307-312
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• 2021

In nuclear medicine, radioactive isotope tracers are administered to the human body to obtain and evaluate disease morphological information and biological function information. Dose calibrator is a device used to measure the radioactivity of a single nuclide in medical institutions. Administration of the correct dose to the human body acts as an important factor in diagnosis and treatment, and measurement through a dose calibrator before administration is the most important factor. Dose calibrator performs daily quality control after installation in each medical institution. Quality control is a means of guaranteeing quality control after installation, and is essential for improving the quality of treatment and promoting patient safety. Therefore, accurate and standardized performance evaluation methods should be established. In this study, 3D printing was used for quantitative evaluation of quality control by increasing the accuracy and standardization of quality control. When the 3D printer was installed and reproducibility was tested, the error range of the expected value and reading value decreased by 0.302% in the F-18 nuclide and 0.09% in the ^99mTc-pertechnate nuclide than when the 3D printer was installed. The error rate for other nuclides was also found to have a low error rate for reproducibility tests when 3D printing was installed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.81-88
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• 2022

This study is to investigate the perception of domestic appraisers about the possibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) and related risks from the use of AI in the appraisal industry. We conducted a mobile survey of evaluators from February 10 to 18, 2022. We collected survey data from 193 respondents. Frequency analysis and multiple response analysis were performed for basic analysis. When AI is used in the appraisal industry, factor analysis was used to analyze various types of risks. Although appraisers have a positive perception of AI introduction in the appraisal industry, they considered collateral, consulting, and taxation, mainly in areas where AI is likely to be used and replaced, mainly negative effects related to job losses and job replacement. They were more aware of the alternative risks caused by AI in the field of human labor. I was very aware of responsibilities, privacy and security, and the risk of technical errors. However, fairness, transparency, and reliability risks were generally perceived as low risk issues. Existing studies have mainly studied analysis methods that apply AI to mass evaluation models, but this study focused on the use and risk of AI. Understanding industry experts' perceptions of AI utilization will help minimize potential risks when AI is introduced on a large scale.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2022

This article evaluated levels of Estimated Average Requirements (EARs), Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNIs), and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) of protein using the recently revised Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Koreans (2020). Dietary protein requirements are based on amounts sufficient to satisfy physiological demands to accomplish nitrogen equilibrium. The same principle was applied to estimate EARs and RNIs, for adults in DRIs conducted in 2015 and 2020 in Koreans. EAR was estimated to be 0.73 g/kg body weight/day, according to data (0.66 g/kg body weight/day) obtained using the nitrogen balance method and adjusted by efficiency of protein use (90%). RNI was calculated as EAR increased by an amount equal to twice the standard deviation of an age group so as to cover 97.5% of the group and was found to be 0.91 g/kg body weight/day. For weaned infants, children, and adolescents, growth requirement was added to estimate EAR. In particular, growth requirement was adjusted by efficiency of protein use in the revised EAR, which led to higher EARs for weaned infants, children, and adolescents of both genders as compared with 2015 DRIs. The AMDR for protein was set at 7%-20% of energy intake, which was the same as 2015 DRIs. Current, average protein intake by the Korean population is almost twice times the EAR, which suggests it might be better to increase the minimal margin for AMDR. However, it was not adjusted in this revision due to lack of evidence.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2023

This paper presents a conceptual strategy and technologies for the digital transformation of design and construction of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The development of an automated detail design strategy for RC structures is described. Integrated digital platform based on 5D BIM concept is proposed for the replacement of the current technology environment-based 2D CAD. Generally, the detail design development is labor-intensive and iterative. Effective automation of relevant aspects can dramatically improve productivity and accuracy. The proposed solutions for the automated BIM modeling based on the rebar and formwork detail design automation achieves the productivity and accuracy sufficient for site application. The platform integrates and manages the information flow between each solution or application and provides it to all participants of the project. Finally, it is expected that the proposed strategy and technologies can be further enhanced to achieve the productivity and accuracy needed for widespread site application and digital transformation.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.70-81
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• 2019

The garment industry is one of the most labor-intensive manufacturing industries, with its sewing process relying almost entirely on manual labor. Its costs highly depend on the efficiency of this production line and thus is crucial to determine the production rate in real-time for line balancing. However, current production tracking methods are costly and make it difficult for many Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to implement them. As a result, their reliance on manual counting of finished products is both time consuming and prone to error, leading to high manufacturing costs and inefficiencies. In this paper, a production tracking system that uses the sewing machines' energy consumption data to track and count the total number of sewing tasks completed through Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifiers is proposed. This system was tested on two target sewing tasks, with a resulting maximum classification accuracy of 98.6%; all sewing tasks were detected. In the developing countries, the garment sewing industry is a very important industry, but the use of a lot of capital is very limited, such as applying expensive high technology to solve the above problem. Applied with the appropriate technology, this system is expected to be of great help to the garment industry in developing countries.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.265-265
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• 2022

유량조사는 측선수, 측정시간, 측정위치, 측정방법 등 많은 기준이 있으며 이를 잘 준수하는 것이 높은 품질의 유량측정 성과를 확보하는 방법이다. 그러나 이러한 기본적인 기준을 잘 준수하더라도 현장 상황에 따라 유량측정 성과에 오차가 포함 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 상류 소수력발전소의 방류량에 따라 유량이 변화하고 수위관측소 부근에 큰 저류공간이 있는 현장 여건이 유량측정성과에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는지 검토하였다. 홍천군(주음치교) 관측소는 홍천강 상류에 위치하며 소수력발전소의 운영에 따라 관측소를 흘러가며 그 유량이 소수력발전소의 영향으로 점변한다. 일반적으로 이러한 경우 측정시간을 최대한 짧게 가져가 유량자료의 정확도를 확보한다. 하지만 홍천군(주음치교)의 경우 수위관측소 주변에 큰 저류공간이 있어 이를 동시에 고려해야 하며 단순하게 측정시간을 짧게 하는 것만으로는 측정성과의 품질을 확보 할 수 없다. 왜냐하면 이 저류 공간으로 물이 유입되는 시간동안은 수위관측소의 수위 상승은 미미하지만 하천 유량은 증가하는 부등류가 발생한다. 유량측정은 등류가정에 의한 것으로 수위관측소 주변이 부등류가 발생하면 유량측정 성과에 큰 오류가 나타나기도 한다. 홍천군(주음치교)에서 현장 상황이 등류일 때와 부등류일 때 모두 측정을 실시하였으며 그 차이를 확인하였다. 저류공간의 물 유입이나 유출이 없는, 즉 등류 상태의 유량측정 성과는 수위-유량관계식과 2.86%차이를 보였으며 부등류 상태의 유량측정 성과는 19.85%차이를 보여 큰 차이를 보였다(기준수위 0.49m). 또한 소수력발전소 운영에 따라 유량 상승 시에는 수위-유량관계곡선식 대비하야 양(+)의 편차율이 발생하고, 유량이 하강 시에는 수위-유량관곡선식 대비 음(-)의 편차율 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 소수력 발전소는 동절기를 제외한 상시 운영으로 홍천군(주음치교) 관측소의 정확한 수위-유량관계식을 확인하기 위하여 소수력 발전소 운영을 중단하고 측정을 실시하였으며 유량변동을 멈추고, 즉 등류 흐름에서 측정한 성과는 수위-유량관계식과 차이가 1.06% 불과한 것으로 나타났다. 수문조사는 측선수, 측정시간, 측점수 등 많은 기준이 있다. 그러나 이러한 측정기준과는 별개로 현장은 다양한 조건이 발생하며 측정성과의 정확도에 영향을 끼치는 경우가 발생하기도 한다. 따라서 유량측정 기준을 잘 준수하는 것도 중요하지만 현장상황을 파악하고 이에 적절한 유량측정을 실시해야 그 오차를 최소화 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.25-38
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• 2019

For many years, emotions have been regarded as dangerous as well as obstructive to reason and rationality. Even in the history of dramatic genres based on human behavior, emotions are often portrayed as errors or flaws that lead to the collapse of characters, even though they are presented as powerful motives to evoke the characters' actions. Based on the development of the cognitive science field today, it is revealed how emotion is important for human thinking, judgment and action, and how closely reason and emotion are combined. This study examines emotions dealt with in drama genres on the basis of the sociality of emotions. Emotions also play a crucial role in the change and judgment of the audience of drama. This study examines the sociality of emotions and looks at the social aspect of individual emotions through the movie as a text. Just as horror movies attempt to communicate using and expanding feelings of fear, the movie uses the emotions of 'Sad' and 'Losing' to try to expand and share it. And I look into the mechanism in which the emotions of the characters in drama are transmitted to the audience in the form of empathy.