• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2016

Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in dark conditions. It plays a major role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin synthesis is known to be suppressed by environmental light. Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is a major indicator of physiological alterations due to stressful stimuli. It also displays a circadian rhythm, like melatonin. The highest levels are encountered during early morning and the lowest levels are observed at around midnight. In the present study, the effects of milking time on the melatonin and cortisol concentrations of raw milk and milk powder at the summer and winter solstices were examined. The melatonin concentration in milk increased significantly if cows were milked in the dark at night (p<0.05). The melatonin concentration in milk powder showed the same pattern with respect to the milking time (p<0.05). However, no significant difference in the cortisol concentration was observed between day- and night-time milk. Although the time of day did not affect the level of milk cortisol, seasonal factors affected the release of cortisol in milk (p<0.05). In conclusion, night-time milk is rich in endogenous melatonin. In this respect, it has potential applications for the development of melatonin rich-dairy products, which serve as natural sources of melatonin.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.408-422
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• 2013

This paper builds on recent scholarly endeavours to establish a body of knowledge on Varieties of Asian Capitalism/Asian Business Systems. The forthcoming Oxford handbook of Asian business systems systematically compares institutional capitalist arrangements across Asia including Laos, yet there is no chapter on Cambodia. The objective of this paper is to compare the Lao and Cambodian varieties of Asian capitalism, with special reference to the role of the state and the economic geography of both countries. Accordingly, it seeks answers to the questions as to how territory has become a key arena for re-organising economic power and how the Lao and Cambodian state themselves are being transformed through state capitalism and the Beijing-Seoul-Tokyo Consensus. A comparative analysis reveals a difference between state-coordinated frontier capitalism in Laos versus patrimonial oligarchy in Cambodia. Interdependencies between the market and the state in Laos display the state as active and interventionist. In some provinces the central government leaves decision making to provincial elites contributing to the emergence of other distinctive regional varieties of capitalism. The rising spatially less selective oligarchs in Cambodia focus relatively more on markets, but are certainly not seeking free markets with equal entry opportunities. The findings offer interesting possibilities for further research on the spaces of Asian capitalism, both from an empirical and theoretical perspective. More work should be done to accommodate the role of small and medium enterprises and theories need to better integrate oligarchic, personal and familial capitalism. Finally, comparative corridor studies in Laos could lead to better insights into the nature of regional varieties of capitalism.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.31-43
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic farmland soil and nutrient management on soil properties depending on organic (animal manure compost and green manure [hairy vetch]) and chemical fertilization, tillage and no-tillage, and crop rotation (corn-wheat, corn-.hairy vetch). It was found that the application of organic matter such as animal manure compost and hairy vetch, increased the soil organic matter content, the soil microbial density and microbial biomass C content as compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment. It was also confirmed that the functional diversity of soil microbial community was increased. As a result of the comparison with the crop rotation and single cropping, the soil chemistry showed no significant difference between the treatments, but the corn-wheat and corn-hairy vetch rotation treatments tended to have higher microbial biomass C content and shannon's diversity index than the single cropping. Soil chemical properties of tillage and no-tillage treatments showed no significant difference between treatments. There was no statistically significant difference in substrate utilization of soil microbial community between tillage and no-tillage treatment. Correlation analysis between soil chemical properties and soil microbial activity revealed that soil organic matter content and exchangeable potassium content were positively correlated, with statistical significance, with substrate utilization, and substrate richness. To conclude, organic fertilization had positive effects on the short-term improvement of soil chemical properties and diversity of microbial communities.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.91-134
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• 2008

Korean district heating companies levy comprehensive construction fee on consumers in the beginning of construction period and the consumers' burden is much higher than those in any other network industries in Korea. It has also many problems such as inappropriate fee calculation method, cross subsidization, property right dispute, etc.. I show that the cut of construction fee by 30% and at the same time, the upward adjustment of tariff rates by 4~6% for 20 years on average will maintain current profitability based on the standard model simulation, I also suggest that fixed charge part of double tariff should be increased to 25% of total tariff and the cut of construction fee should be levied on fixed charge, directly to improve efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.395-409
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• 2005

Nowadays, it is required that GIS(Geography Information System) should be introduced into tourism field. Therefore, this study suggests several directions as to how well GIS can be used and applied into tourism area. Several directions were made based on the previous literature review and the analyses of TGIS(Tourism Geography Information System) including domestic and foreign case studies. Overall, the research found that it were necessary for five main points to make a development of TGIS. First, TGIS database should be closely connected with Tourism Resources Information System database. Second, as one of an institutional devices, systems for supporting were needed to be prepared for businessmen and integrated information function. Third, as an administrative countermeasure, a mediation committee between the department and bureaus, Tourism Geography Information Circulation Management and Local Tourism Information Center should be established and operated Fourth, the methods for financial resource, which amplify the investment funds, should be established. Finally, universities must introduce a large number of specialists of TGIS by setting up the department of tourism geography information newly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1363-1370
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• 2006

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Agaricus blazei $\beta-glucan$ and egg shell calcium complex on bone metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Forty Sprague-Dewley female rats, 10 weeks of age $(248{\pm}1.7g)$, were divided into 4 groups and fed on the experimental diets for 6 weeks: sham operated control treated with normal diet containing 0.5% calcium (Sham-C), OVX-control treated with normal diet containing 0.5% calcium (OVX-C), $OVX-\beta-glucan$ group treated with $\beta-glucan$ diet containing 0.5% calcium (OVX-G), and $OVX-\beta-glucan$ egg shell calcium complex treated with $OVX-\beta-glucan$ egg shell calcium complex containing 0.5% calcium (OVX-GE). Bone weight of femur was higher in the OVX-GE group than in the other OVX groups. Bone mineral density of femur was significantly different (p<0.05) among the experimental groups and showed the highest level in the OVX-GE group. Calcium absorption rate and retention were higher in the $\beta-glucan$ supplement groups than in the other groups (p<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activities and osteocalcin levels of serum showed lower in the $\beta-glucan$ supplement groups than in the OVX-C group. Deoxypyridinoline crosslink values of urine, indicator of bone absorption, showed the lowest in the OVX-GE group. The $\beta-glucan$ supplemented groups had a lower bone resorption ratio than in the OVX-C group. We concluded that bioavailability of calcium is higher in $\beta-glucan$ supplement groups compared to those in OVX rats. From the above results, these findings suggest the possibility of using $\beta-glucan$ egg shell calcium complex as a functional food material related to bone metabolism, even though there is no significant difference between the groups of $\beta-glucan$ and $\beta-glucan-egg$ shell calcium complex supplementation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.3
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• pp.303-314
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• 1988

Tong-ri beach has not enough vegetation to be enjoyed by the sea bathers and to be satisfied with preventing the disaster-damages, but mixed forest near the beach can work its funtions and the old forest of Pirus thunbergii $P_{ARL}$. near the beach do a Little. Therefore it is very urgent to plant more trees near the beach for bathers and disaster-damage prevention. This study was carried out for planning an afforestation, with reporting upon the crown amounts and soil properties of disaster-damage prevention forests of P. thunbergii $P_{ARL}$. planted on the coast sand dunes in 1970 and 1976, and with reporting upon the valuation on soil properties of the lands near the beach in order to set the afforestation site. The results are as follows : 1. In disaster-damage prevention forests, crown surface area and crown volume became increasingly greater in proportion to the height. To D.B.H., crown volume also became increasingly greater in proportion, but crown surface area was directly proportional. 2. In comparison to sail characteristics of sand dune, those of the forests were in large quantity in OM, T-N and avail. $SiO_2$, and almost in the same in avail. $P_2O_5$, but in small quantity in exchangeable canons : K, Ca, Mg and Na. 3. EC, Cl and pH were in small value in the forest soils, but CEC was in large value in those soils. 4. Above facts showed that the forests fulfill their functions for preventing disaster-damages and improve their soil properties. 5. The forests have naturally been thinned up to 34% in 17 years and 39% in 11 years, and one can easily pass through the forest(planted in 1970), because of its sufficient clear-length(2.71m) and its space to pass. 6. A plan for afforestation was oracle nut after judging several sites by the evaluation on the soil properties and considering the best relaxation and the prevention of the various disaster-damages upon which were reported in the last issue. 7. Afforestation should be kept for maintaining its appropriate density for best relaxation and disaster-damage prevention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.19-21
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• 2005

현대의 산업화 사회에서는 자동인식을 통해서 사람과 사물을 식별하고자 하는 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 그 대표적인 예로 바코드를 이용한 접촉식 판별기술이 있고, 라디오 주파수를 이용한 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) 기술을 들 수 있다. RFID의 경우는 무선 주파수를 이용하기 때문에 대량의 사물을 동시에 인식 할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 하지만. 어떠한 상황에서 리더의 요청에 응답을 하는 리더-태그 시스템이기 때문에 사용자의 프라이버시 침해 문제를 야기 할 수 있다. 사용자의 프라이버시 침해문제를 막기 위해서 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 그 중에서, Miyako Ohkubo의 Hash체인을 이용한 프라이버시 보호 기법은 정보유출, 위치추적공격(Location Tracking Attack), 전방위보안성(Forward Security)과 같은 프라이버시 침해문제들로부터 사용자의 프라이버시를 보호 할 수 있는 프로토콜이다. 그러나 Hash함수를 태그에 구현하는 것은 현재까지는 불가능한 상황이다. 또, Martin Feldhofer의 AES(Advanced Encryption Standard)를 사용한 프로토콜은 실제로 태그에 구현 가능하면서 내부구조가 8bit인 AES를 사용함으로써 암호학적인 강도를 높였으나, 프라이버시 침해 문제에서 단점을 드러냈다. 이러한 단점을 보완한 AES기반에서의 개선된 RFID 프라이버시 보호 프로토콜은 실제적으로 태그에 구현 가능한 AES를 이용한 암호화 체인을 통해서 프라이버시 보호에 우수하면서 실제 사용이 가능한 프로토콜을 제안하였다[1]. 그러나, 이 프로토콜은 생성되는 키 값들이 물리적 공격을 통해서 노출이 되었을 때, 이전의 seed값과 키 값들이 노출 되는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제들을 해결하고자 프라이버시보호에 새로운 키 생성 방법을 통한 강력한 프로토콜을 제안 한다.하였으나 사료효율은 증진시켰으며, 후자(사양, 사료)와의 상호작용은 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 거세비육돈에서 1) androgen과 estrogen은 공히 자발적인 사료섭취와 등지방 침적을 억제하고 IGF-I 분비를 증가시키며, 2) 성선스테로이드호르몬의 이 같은 성장에 미치는 효과의 일부는 IGF-I을 통해 매개될 수도 있을을 시사한다. 약 $70 {\~} 90\%$의 phenoxyethanol이 유상에 존재하였다. 또한, 미생물에 대한 항균력도 phenoxyethanol이 수상에 많이 존재할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서, 제형 내 oil tomposition을 변화시킴으로써 phenoxyethanol의 사용량을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 피부 투과를 감소시켜 보다 피부 자극이 적은 저자극 방부시스템 개발이 가능하리라 보여 진다. 첨가하여 제조한 curd yoghurt는 저장성과 관능적인 면에서 우수한 상품적 가치가 인정되는 새로운 기능성 신제품의 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 여자의 경우 0.8이상이 되어서 심혈관계 질환의 위험 범위에 속하는 수준이었다. 삼두근의 두겹 두께는 남녀 각각 $20.2\pm8.58cm,\;22.2\pm4.40mm$으로 남녀간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 조사대상자의 식습관 상태는 전체 대상자의 $84.4\%$가 대부분이 하루 세끼 식사를 규칙적으로 하고 있었으며 식사속도는 허겁지겁 빨리 섭취하는 경우가 남자는 $31.0\%$, 여자는 $21.4\%$로 나타났고 이들을 제외한 나머지 사람들은 보통 속도 혹은 충분한 시간을 가지고 식사를 하였다. 평소 식사량은 조금 적게 혹은 적당하게 섭취하는 사람이 대부분이었으며 남자가 여자보다는 배부르게 먹는 경 향이 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 식사는 혼자 하는 경우가 남자

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-68
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• 2014

This research addressed improvement directions and problems of regional science and technology(S&T) policies in Daegu and Gyungbuk regions in terms of 'Creative Economy' which was a new paradigm of Park Gunhye Government. Creative Economy stressed the construction of an ecosystem in regional research and development activities, and thus it was deeply associated with building a regional innovation system(RIS). There were several problems to strengthen RIS with regional S&T policies of the regions as follows: limits in meeting regional needs due to excessive attraction of central government's projects into regions; the high ratio of programs for future basic research potentials; the lack of programs assessing and coordinating the policies; and the lack of experiences and expenditure of research institutes and firm supporting organizations. Due to these problems, the role of the policies in building RIS did not seem to be effective. Therefore, the policies need to be improved through the following measures: the expansion of regional own policies focusing regional needs; the enhancement of policy coordination by shifting to systematic approach; the expansion of soft supporting programs for constructing innovation systems; and the enhancement of stability and ability of research institutes and firm supporting organizations.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.434-445
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• 2021

The content of major constituents and antioxidant activities of nine onion cultivars, namely yellow domestic cultivars Meapsihwang, Sinsunhwang, Yeonsinhwang, Yeongbohwang, and Yeongpoonghwang, red domestic cultivar Eumjinara, green domestic cultivar Sweetgreen, yellow-introduced cultivar Sunpower, and red-introduced cultivar Cheonjujeok, were compared. Yeongbohwang and Cheonjujeok had the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents among the six yellow and two red cultivars, respectively. The red cultivars displayed the highest DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activities (DRSAs and ARSAs, respectively) and reducing power (RP). Among all cultivars, Cheonjujeok and Eumjinara had the highest DRSA, while both red cultivars had similar ARSAs. Among the yellow cultivars, Sinsunhwang and Yeongbohwang showed excellent DRSAs. The RP of the domestic cultivars was slightly higher than that of the introduced cultivars. Thus, the domestic cultivar Yeongbohwang exhibited excellent characteristics among the yellow cultivars, while the red cultivars Eumjinara and Cheonjujeok were similar.