• Title/Summary/Keyword: 기구학적 전이

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The Abnormal Groundwater Changes as Potential Precursors of 2016 ML5.8 Gyeongju Earthquake in Korea (지하수위 이상 변동에 나타난 2016 ML5.8 경주 지진의 전조 가능성)

  • Lee, Hyun A;Hamm, Se-Yeong;Woo, Nam C.
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.393-400
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    • 2018
  • Despite some skeptical views on the possibility of earthquake prediction, observation and evaluation of precursory changes have been continued throughout the world. In Korea, the public concern on the earthquake prediction has been increased after 2016 $M_L5.8$ and 2017 $M_L5.4$ earthquakes occurred in Gyeongju and Pohang, the southeastern part in Korea, respectively. In this study, the abnormal increase of groundwater level was observed before the 2016 $M_L5.8$ Gyeongju earthquake in a borehole located in 52 km away from the epicenter. The well was installed in the Yangsan fault zone, and equipped for the earthquake surveillance. The abnormal change in the well would seem to be a precursor, considering the hydrogeological condition and the observations from previous studies. It is necessary to set up a specialized council to support and evaluate the earthquake prediction and related researches for the preparation of future earthquake hazards.

A Study on Concept and Establish Method of National Water Level Network (국가수위관측망의 개념정립과 구축방법에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, Bok-Jin;Jung, Sung-Won;Jung, Sung-Won;Lee, Jae-Hyung
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2010.05a
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    • pp.900-906
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    • 2010
  • 물에 대한 중요성은 인구가 많아지고 산업이 발전됨에 따라 계속 높아지고 있으며, 이와 더불어 국민이나 기관 및 국가가 필요로 하는 지점에 충분한 품질을 가진 수문기초자료에 대한 수요 역시 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 국가차원에서 홍수 예보, 수자원 공급과 관리계획, 생태 및 환경 등의 목적을 위한 국가수위관측망을 구축하여 그 근간자료가 되는 하천 수위(또는 수위-유량 자료)자료를 제공함으로써 불필요한 수문조사 중복 등을 방지하고 효율적인 수문조사의 기반을 구축하고자 하는 것이다. 수위관측망 설계는 원하는 목적에 따라 수집된 수문자료의 경제적 가치를 최대화 하는 것이 기본이지만 이러한 방법론은 실제적으로 거의 드물다. 오히려 수문자료의 경제적 가치 최대화를 위한 관측망보다 경제적 관측망 구축을 위한 방법론을 개발하거나 선택하는 것이 보통이다. 본 연구에서는 국내와 일본, USGS(미지질조사국)와 WMO(세계기상기구) 등의 선진국에서의 수문관측망 구축 사례와 이론을 먼저 검토하고, 국가수위관측망으로서의 목적과 구축방법을 마련하였다. 우리나라는 이미 전 국토에 걸쳐 여러 목적의 수위관측소들이 설치되어 있으므로, 국가수위관측망으로서 관리와 자료제공이 가능한 수위관측소를 대상으로 현황 및 현장조사를 실시하고, 기존 관측망에 대한 수리 수문학적, 사회 경제적 중요성 검토 등의 과정을 통해 국가수위관측망으로 재설계할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 우리나라에서 처음으로 국가차원의 수위관측망을 구축할 수 있게 되었으며, 이 후 국가수위관측망의 실제 구축 및 국가수위관측망의 운영방안 등의 연구를 지속하여 신뢰할 수 있고 공간적으로도 충분한 전국 하천의 수위자료를 제공할 수 있도록 할 예정이다.

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Electrochemical Disinfection for Ballast Water Treatment (발라스트수 처리를 위한 전기화학적 살균처리)

  • Seo, Won-Hak;Jeon, Sun-Ae;Kim, Ji-Hyun;Lee, Tae-Ho;Sang, Byoung-In
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.28 no.11
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    • pp.1162-1167
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    • 2006
  • The discharge of ballast water from the marine vessel without proper treatment causes the ecological disruption. Therefore, International Marine Organization(IMO) has the plan to force the proper treatment of ballast water before its discharge to open sea. To satisfy the IMO's criteria, several processes such as filtration, UV irradiation, and ozonation etc., were introduced. Since the disinfection of ballast water should be conducted within very short hydrolic retention time, electrochemical treatment can be a promissing process. The DSA(dimensional stable anode) electrode for the electrochemical treatment was prepared by thermal deposition method. The disinfection rate of microorganisms increased with the increasing current density and reaction time under low pH condition. The morphology of sterilized microorganisms was shown by SEM and Microscopy.

Development of global Dynamic Water Resources Assessment Tool (DWAT) - Version 2.0 (전지구 동적수자원평가시스템 개발 - 버전 2.0)

  • Cheol Hee Jang;Hyeonjun Kim;Deokhwan Kim;Jeonghyeon Choi
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.427-427
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    • 2023
  • 일반적으로 수자원가용량이라 하면 지표·지하·토양 등에 있는 모든 수자원의 양이라 할 수 있다. 정확한 수자원가용량의 평가를 위해서는 강수, 기온 등의 기상 예측의 정확도 확보가 우선되어야 하며, 지표 하에 보이지 않는 수자원의 양을 정확히 평가할 수 있어야 한다. 한국건설기술연구원은 2012년부터 세계기상기구(WMO, World Meteorological Organization)에서 수자원평가 부문 리더 역할을 수행하면서 회원국들에게 수자원가용량평가를 위한 '동적수자원평가시스템'의 개발을 제안하여 추진하였다. 그 결과, 동적수자원평가시스템(Dynamic Water resources Assessment Tool, DWAT)이 2017년 12월에 개발되었고, 2019년 5월에는 WMO 웹사이트 (https://public.wmo.int/en/water/dynamic-water-resources-assessment-tool)를 통해 193개 회원국에 보급되기 시작하였다. DWAT은 전 세계가 무료로 이용할 수 있는 수자원평가 도구로, 지하수, 용수이용 뿐만 아니라 지표수를 고려한 수자원계획 및 관리를 위해 중⋅소규모 하천 유역에 적용될 수 있다. 특히, 논 지역의 유출특성을 모의할 수 있는 모듈을 탑재하였으며, 고위도 및 고산지대의 수문학적 특성을 반영할 수 있는 융설 모듈이 포함되었고, 매개변수 최적화 기능도 포함되었다. WMO는 수자원분야 주요사업 중 하나인 "전지구 수문현황 및 전망 시스템(HYDROSOS, global HYDROlogical Status and Outlook System)" 사업을 추진하고 있다. 본 사업은 전지구 기상예보를 활용하여 주요 지점의 자연 유출량에 대한 현황과 예보를 수행하는 것을 목표로 한다. 2019년 6월 제18차 WMO 총회에서는 수자원분야 주요 사업인 HYDROSOS의 시범사업을 DWAT이 지원하는 것으로 의결되었다. 따라서 이러한 DWAT의 활용을 통해 대한민국의 수자원 평가 실무와 관련된 기술이 WMO 회원국에 지속적으로 보급될 것으로 판단된다.

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Postoperative Imaging of Rotator Cuff Tear (회전근개 파열의 수술 후 영상)

  • Min Hee Lee;Hee Jin Park;Ji Na Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.82 no.6
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    • pp.1388-1401
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    • 2021
  • Postoperative imaging of the rotator cuff may be performed routinely, even if pain or disability develops after surgery or if there are no symptoms. Postoperative images are obtained through MRI or US, and the purpose is to confirm the integrity of the restored tendon in general. Postoperative MRI has a relatively poor diagnostic accuracy compared to that of preoperative images because various materials used in surgeries deteriorate the image quality. US can dynamically check the condition of the restored tendon and avoid artifacts from the surgical instruments used for recovery. Although imaging findings are not always consistent with the clinical symptoms or prognosis, sub-deltoid fluid retention is more important for pain and functional recovery than the thickness of the reconstructed tendon. Strain elastography can also be a useful method for predicting the prognosis.

Illusionism and Enlightment of the Magic Lantern Images - On the Scientific and Technological Development of the pre-modern optical instrument, Magic Lantern and the Transition of Its Images - (마술환등 영상의 환상성과 계몽성 근대 영상기구 마술환등의 과학기술적 발전과 영상문화의 변화)

  • LEE, Sang-Myon
    • Korean Association for Visual Culture
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    • v.17
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    • pp.65-92
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    • 2011
  • This thesis investigates the complex functions of the magic lantern in illusionism and enlightment which was the most popular visual media and the direct ancestor of cinema. Especially, the thesis focuses on the characteristics of magic lantern's images which had been varied with the scientific and technological development. During the early period of the magic lantern, from the late 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, it frightened viewers by showing magic images with ghosts and spectres, 'phantasmagoria', and wondered with images of natural catastropes and interesting stories like fables and fairy tales, which fulfilled the entertainment function. Since the mid 19th century the magic lantern began to show not only pictures of the 'scientific themes' on the earth, nature and human, but also them of the ethnological on the far, exotic worlds like Africa, Amazon and Syberia etc. from the European perspective. These contents conducted the educative function and contributed to the process of Enlightment to the peoples in the pre-modern age. The two functions of the magic lantern such as entertainment and education had been neither historically followed, nor clearly divided, but the one was predominant according to the development of lantern techniques as well as the changes of the world view and the culture of the time. The entertainment function of the magic lantern based on the visual fantacy did exist in the late 19th century further, and also in the late industrial society, even in the age of highly developed science and technology, viewers want rather 're-enchantment' by illusionism than facts and truths on the reality. This is an essential characteristic of the moving image media, as it had already been presented in the images of the magic lantern.

Microbiological Hazard Analysis for HACCP System Application to Vinegared Pickle Radishes (식초절임 무의 HACCP 시스템 적용을 위한 미생물학적 위해 분석)

  • Kwon, Sang-Chul
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 2013
  • This study has been performed for 150 days from February 1 - June 31, 2012 aiming at analyzing biologically hazardous factors in order to develop HACCP system for the vinegared pickle radishes. A process chart was prepared as shown on Fig. 1 by referring to manufacturing process of manufacturer of general vinegared pickle radishes regarding process of raw agricultural products of vinegared pickle radishes, used water, warehousing of additives and packing material, storage, careful selection, washing, peeling off, cutting, sorting out, stuffing (filling), internal packing, metal detection, external packing, storage and consignment (delivery). As a result of measuring Coliform group, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Listeria Monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Clostridium perfringens, Yeast and Mold before and after washing raw radishes, Bacillus cereus was $5.00{\times}10$ CFU/g before washing but it was not detected after washing and Yeast and Mold was $3.80{\times}10^2$ CFU/g before washing but it was reduced to 10 CFU/g after washing and other pathogenic bacteria was not detected. As a result of testing microorganism variation depending on pH (2-5) of seasoning fluid (condiment), pH 3-4 was determined as pH of seasoning fluid as all the bacteria was not detected in pH3-4. As a result of testing air-borne bacteria (number of general bacteria, colon bacillus, fungus) depending on each workplace, number of microorganism of internal packing room, seasoning fluid processing room, washing room and storage room was detected to be 10 CFU/Plate, 2 CFU/Plate, 60 CFU/Plate and 20 CFU/Plate, respectively. As a result of testing palm condition of workers, as number of general bacteria and colon bacillus was represented to be high as 346 $CFU/Cm^2$ and 23 $CFU/Cm^2$, respectively, an education and training for individual sanitation control was considered to be required. As a result of inspecting surface pollution level of manufacturing facility and devices, colon bacillus was not detected in all the specimen but general bacteria was most dominantly detected in PP Packing machine and Siuping machine (PE Bulk) as $4.2{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$, $2.6{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$, respectively. As a result of analyzing above hazardous factors, processing process of seasoning fluid where pathogenic bacteria may be prevented, reduced or removed is required to be controlled by CCP-B (Biological) and threshold level (critical control point) was set at pH 3-4. Therefore, it is considered that thorough HACCP control plan including control criteria (point) of seasoning fluid processing process, countermeasures in case of its deviation, its verification method, education/training and record control would be required.

Comparison of the Neurologic Outcome according to the Method of Proximal Graft Anastomosis at the Aortic Side during Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: The Heartstring Sealing System versus Conventional Manual Anastomosis (무심폐기 관상동맥 우회술에 있어서 이식편의 대동맥부 근위부 문합 방법에 따른 수술 후 신경학적 합병증 발생의 비교: 하트스트링을 이용한 방법 대 고식적인 수기 문합술)

  • Cho, Won-Chul;Kim, Joon-Bum;Kim, Hee-Jung;Kim, Hwan-Wook;Kim, Yun-Seok;Jung, Jae-Seung;Choo, Suk-Jung
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.441-446
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    • 2009
  • Background: Side clamping of ascending aorta during proximal graft anastomosis in coronary bypassing surgery in-creases the risk of direct aortic injury as well as embolization of intimal atheroma. Heartstring proximal sealing system (Guidant Corporation, Santa Clara, Calif), developed to avoid aortic side clamping, may minimize risks of such complications. The aim of the current study is to compare the surgical outcomes of the two proximal anastomosis techniquesi.e., Heartstring system versus aortic side clamping in off pump coronary bypassing' surgery (OPCAB). Material and Method: From January 2003 to August 2008, 499 patients underwent OPCAB. Of them, proximal graft anastomosis was performed using Heartstring system in 182 patients (Group I) and conventional manual anastomosis in 317 patients (Group II). The two groups were compared for postoperative major complications and mortality. Result: Two groups showed similar characteristics in terms of preoperative demographic data, left ventricular ejection fraction, renal function and history of diabetes, hypertension and smoking. Although there was no inter-group difference in the history of cerebral ischemia (p=0.48), preoperative brain magnetic resonance angiography revealed greater incidence of severe carotid artery stenosis (>75% of lumen) in the Group I than in the. Group II (44.5% in the Group I and 30.0% in the Group II, p=0.003). There were no inter-group differences in postoperative mortality (p=0.40) and complications (p=0.47) including neurologic events (3 in the Group land 2 in the Group II, p=0.258). Whereas neurologic events all comprised transient ischemic attacks in the Group I, they comprised multiple embolic strokes in the Group II. One patient in the Group II experienced aortic dissection during proximal anastomosis which resulted in ascending aortic replacement. Conclusion: Although proximal anastomosis using Heartstring system did not show statistically significant benefit over aortic side clamping, the. absence of embolic stroke maybe a definite benefit which may be better defined through further studies over a larger cohort.

An Immunological Study Before and After Tonsillectomy (편도적출 전 후의 면역학적 연구)

  • 김순웅;윤병용;김순호
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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    • 1982.05a
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    • pp.16.2-16
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    • 1982
  • The palatine tonsils which are located in entrance of digestive and upper respiratory tracts are the most important organ in anatomical and functional structures of the pharyngeal lymphatic tissues. As for function of the tonsil, there have been many suspected theories that were included hematopoietic, hormonal, digestive function and production of vitamin, entry of bacteria with other antigenous materials and defence mechanism of which has taken charge by Virchow in 1860 in past. But among these theories, in recently, defence mechanism of the tonsil was strongly accepted immunologically. For the purpose of elucidating immune response of the tonsil, the author observed serum immunoglobulin levels, peripheral total lymphocyte counts and populations of T, B and Null lymphocytes before and after tonsillectomy in 30 cases of patients with chronic tonsillitis and 29 cases of healthy controls. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Serum Ig M level was significantly higher in patient group than in control group but was not significantly different preoperative from postoperative patient group. 2) Population of T-lymphocyte more significantly decreased in patient group than in control group but it was not significantly different preoperative from postoperative patient group. 3) Population of B-lymphocyte more significiantly increased in patient group than in control group but it was not significantly different preoperative from postoperative patient group. On the basis of these results, it may be suggested that tonsil play partially a role in the immune response of human.

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2004 Nationwide Gastric Cancer Report in Korea (2004년 전국 위암 등록사업 결과 보고)

  • The Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: To investigate the characteristics and chronological changes of gastric cancer in Korea, the Information Committee of the Korean Gastric Cancer Association performed nationwide survey for 2004. Materials and Methods: The data on patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery in 2004 were collected from 57 institutes and compared with those of 1995 and 1999 which were reported in 2002. Fourteen factors (sex, age, tumor location and size, gross type, approach to operation, radicality, operative method, reconstruction method, WHO and Lauren classification, UICC stage, and numbers of positive and retrieved lymph nodes) were analyzed. According to the annual number of gastric cancer operations, 57 institutes were divided into 4 groups (group 1, <100; 100 ${\leq}$ group 2 < 200 operations; 200 ${\leq}$ group 3 < 500 operations; group 4, ${\geq}500$). Results: Data on 11,293 patients were collected. The sex ratio (M : F) was 2.05 : 1 (7,586/3,705). The mean age was 58.0 years old. The age of highest incidence in both male and female has increased recently. The proportion of early gastric cancer has increased from 28.6% in 1995 and 32.8% in 1999 to 47.4% in 2004. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 34.0 (32.8, 34.0, 36.1, and 32.9 for group 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively). Conclusion: Early gastric cancer has increased in 2004 compared to 1995 and 1999. Gastric cancer surgery seems to be performed with acceptable quality in view of number of retrieved lymph nodes. These data presented in nationwide survey could be used as a fundamental resource for gastric cancer in Korea.

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