• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.144-160
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• 2007

목 적 : 이 연구는 천식, 기관지염, 폐렴, 결핵, 산후감모 등의 호흡기 질환에 사용되는 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)의 항염작용(抗炎作用)의 효과에 대해 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 방 법 : 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)의 항염작용(抗炎作用)의 효과를 평가하기 위해 세포독성에 미치는 영향, NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6 생성량에 미치는 영항, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향, iNOS, 염증cytokine 유전자 및 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향, PGE$_2$ 합성에 미치는 영향 및 NF-${\kappa}$B 활성에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험평가를 하였다. 결 과 : 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)은 MTT 분석을 통한 RAW 264.7 세포주의 생존력 평가에서 세포독성이 없었고, LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포주에서 NO 생성량을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)은 400 g/ml 농도에서 LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포주에 대해 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 생성량을 각각 41.86${\pm}$2.26 %, 61.11${\pm}$2.54 %, 55.33${\pm}$3.65 % 억제하였으며 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ 및 IL-6 유전자 발현을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였고, LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포주에서 iNOS와 COX-2 유전자 및 단백질 발현은 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 또한 그 농도에 따라 PGE$_2$ 생성량이 현저하게 억제하였고, LPS로 유도된 NF-${\kappa}$B 전사활성을 농도 의존적으로 억제함으로써 iNOS와 염증Cytokine 유전자 발현을 하향조절 하였다. 결 론 : 이상의 실험을 통해 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)은 LPS로 유도된 macrophage에서 NO와 염증Cytokine 생성량을 억제하였고 murine macrophage에서 NF-${\kappa}$B 활성을 억제함으로써 iNOS와 염증Cytokine 유전자 발현을 하향조절 하였다. 이러한 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)의 항염작용으로 천식, 기관지염, 폐렴, 결핵, 산후감모 등의 호흡기 질환에 응용할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 1996

Background : Eosinophilic leukocytes are prominent cellular participants in the pathogenesis of allergic disease and asthma. Chemotaxis is still a very useful method in evaluating the response of human eosinophil to novel modulators. Degranulated mast cells and activated T lymphocytes are responsible for the pathophysiology of asthma and tryptase is one of most important proteases released after activation of mast cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the actions of trypsin and chymotrypsin on eosinophils in terms of chemotaxis and activation. Method : Eosinophils were isolated by negative immunoselection from the peripheral blood of atopic donors. Chemotaxis was studied by using micro-Boyden chambers and ECP release was assayed by fluoroimmunoassay. Results : Eosinophil showed a chemotactic response to trypsin. Maximal chemotactic response was with $1000{\mu}g/ml$ trypsin ($56.52{\pm}14.50$/HPF) which was comparable to PAP. But chymotrypsin showed no significant chemotactic response to eosinophils. Trypsin at the concentration of 10, 100, $1000{\mu}g/ml$ induced secretion of ECP, which at the concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ represented about 2.7 times of the spontaneous rate of release. Soybean protease inhibitor reduced trypsin induced ECP release. Conclusion : Trypsin can induce chemotactic response to eosinophils and activation of eosinophils that can induce secretion of ECP. On the contrary, chymotrypsin showed no direct effect on eosinophils. We propose a role of trypsin on the chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.942-948
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• 1997

Benign Tracheobroncheal tumor is a rare disease such as 1.9% of all tumor of pulmonary origin. Because clinical manifestation of benign tracheal tumor resembles that of broncheal asthma, these patients are usually treated in a way that used in broncheal asthma. Therefore, the diagnosis is delayed. We experienced a case of tracheal neurilemmoma that cured by bronchoscopic laser therapy. A 23-year-old woman visited our hospital because of progressing dyspnea especially during inspiration. She was treated with aminophylline and 2 agonist under the impression of bronchial asthma at a local clinic. But because the symptoms were not relieved and pulmonary function test revealed variable extrathoracic lesion, we conducted bronchoscopy and biopsy. There were $1.5{\times}2cm$ sized movable mass with stalk attached right anterior wall of bronchus. The biopsy result was neurilemmoma. Therefore we conducted bronchoscopic Laser therapy four times and the lesion disappeared in bronchoscopy and chest CT.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.337-343
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• 2002

A tracheal bronchus, an aberrant bronchus arising directly from the trachea, is an infrequent congenital anomaly. The incidence of this anomaly ranges from 0.5 to 5%. It usually originates from the right lateral wall of the trachea at the level <2 cm above the tracheal bifurcation. These patients usually are asymptomatic, but some patients may experience recurrent pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, or asthmatic episodes. A tracheal bronchus may be associated with other anomalies such as a tracheal stenosis, pulmonary agenesis, pulmonary sequestration, congenital heart disease, a pulmonary venous anomaly and Down's syndrome. This anomaly is usually diagnosed incidentally during bronchoscopy in patients with respiratory problems. Here we report a case of a 20-year-old man with a past history of bronchial asthma, which was incidentally diagnosed as a tracheal bronchus during a medical examination prior to military service, and was associated with a bilateral superior vena cava anomaly.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.155-164
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• 2005

Objective : Chemokines are important for the recruitment of leukocytes, which is essential in host defense to the sites of infection. The thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is a CC chemokine which potentially plays a role via a paracrine mechanism in the development of allergic respiratory diseases. Methods : The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Pinelliae Rhizoma Herbal Acupuncture Solution (PHS) on the secretion of TARC of human bronchial epithelial cell. Methods : Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the secretion of TARC. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. Results : PHS significantly inhibited the secretion of TARC with a dose-dependant manner. The effective dosage did not have the cytotoxicity on human bronchial epithelial cell by MTT assay. Conclusion : Results of our study imply that PHS would play an important role in modulation of TARC in Human bronchial epithelial cells.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2004

Up to now, methods for the detection of genetic alterations as single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) or denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) have been used. It is too labor-intensive and expensive to serve for routine analysis. Moreover, lower in its sensitivity and specificity being also strongly dependent on the experience of the investigater. To improve these problems, we analysed mutation of ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor gene that controls bronchial asthma by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) according to ion-pair reversed phase chromatography (IP-RPC). We extracted genomic DNA from 80 asthma patients and then amplified DNA using PCR and analysed PCR product by SSCP and DHPLC. As a result, we analysed mutation frequency is 19 (23.75%) on SSCP and 25 (31.25%) on DHPLC in ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor gene. We conclude that DHPLC is a fast and simple screening method rather than SSCP analysis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.8 s.88
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• pp.1090-1099
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• 2007

Myristicin, l-allyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-5-methoxybenzene, was one of the major essential oils of nutmeg. However, its anti-allergic effect in the Th1/Th2 immune response was poorly understood. Recently, it was shown that T-bet and GATA-3 was master Th1 and Th2 regulatory transcription factors. In this study, we have attempted to determine whether myristicin regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine production, T-bet and GATA-3 gene expression in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model mice. Myristicin reduced levels of IL-4, Th2 cytokine production in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. In the other side, it increased $IFN-{\gamma}$, Th1 cytokine production in myristicin administrated mice. We also examined to ascertain whether myristicin could influence eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity. After being sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) showed typical asthmatic reactions. These reactions included an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung tissue around blood vessels and airways, and the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). The administration of myristicin before the last airway OVA challenge resulted in a significant inhibition of all asthmatic reactions. Accordingly, these findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of myristicin in terms of its effects in a murine model of asthma.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.875-883
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• 2002

Purpose : Airways eosinophilia and increased IgE, characteristic features of asthma, result from a predominant Th2 response. In this study, we investigated the effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on the inhibition of airways eosinophilia in mice with established airway inflammation. We also investigated the immunological mechanisms involved. Methods : Groups of BALB/c mice were sensitized intradermally with ovalbumin(OVA). At week 10, airway inflammation was induced by intranasal challenge of the mice with OVA. At week 14, the mice were challenged intranasally again with OVA in the presence and without the presence of CpG ODNs. Mice with saline administration served as negative controls. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids(BALF) were obtained and eosinophils were counted. Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the spleen cell cultures were measured by ELISA. Serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG2a antibodies were also measured by ELISA. Results : BALF eosinophils were significantly inhibited in the CpG ODNs-treated mice(P<0.01). IgE and IgG2a levels increased significantly in both CpG ODNs-treated and untreated groups as compared to the negative control group; there was, however, no significant difference between the two groups four days after intranasal administration of CpG ODNs. Cytokine analysis revealed decreased production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and increased production of IL-12 in the CpG ODNs-treated group as compared to the untreated group. Interestingly, $IFN-{\gamma}$ levels were not upregulated in the CpG ODNs-treated group. Conclusion : CpG ODNs vaccination is a potentially useful approach for reversing airways eosinophilia in mice with established airways inflammation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2000

Background : In chronic airway disease, mucus secretion is increased, but extraction of mucin, which is the main component of mucus secretion, is a very complicated and limited in clinical use. Recently, monoclonal antibody for mucin was developed for possible clinical use. In this study, cellular analysis and quantification of respiratory mucin in sputum of patients with chronic airway diseases were performed. Method : Sputum was collected from patients with asthma(n=33), bronchiectasis(n=8) or chronic bronchitis (n=13) by spontaneous expectoration or by hypertonic saline induction. Collected sputums was treated by 0.1% dithiotreitol to dissociate the disulfide bond of the mucus and filtered through a nylon gauze. Total cell count, viability and differential count were measured. For detection of mucin, collected samples were treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then with monoclonal antibody(HMO2), as the primary antibody, and PAS stain. The amount of mucin was measured with ELISA by HMO2. Correlation with clinical information, cellular analysis, and amount of measured mucin were analyzed. Results : Total cell counts of sputum were significantly increased in patients with bronchiectasis but viability remained the same. Eosinophils were significantly increased in patients with asthma, neutrophils in bronchiectasis chronic bronchitis, respectively (p<0.05). The results of Western blotting and PAS staining confirmed the presence of glycoproteins and matched? with mucin. The amounts of mucin measured by ELISA were not significantly different among the disease groups. Significant correlation was identified between the amount of mucin and viability(r=-0.482, p<0.05). Conclusion : Inflammatory cells in the sputum of those with chronic airway disease were different for each disease type. Measurement of mucin by ELISA via monoclonal antibodies may be a simple method for the evaluation of chronic airway disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 2009

Background: There are various etiologies causing bronchiectasis, but the cases without definite causes account for a quite high proportion. It is also uncertain that immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency (IgGSD) is associated with bronchiectasis. Therefore, we tried to measure the frequency of IgGSD in patients with bronchiectasis of unclear etiology, and to observe the clinical features of those patients with bronchiectasis and IgGSD. Methods: For the outpatients of a university hospital who were diagnosed as bronchiectasis by chest CT, we produced comprehensive history taking and physical examinations, and finally selected 31 patients with bronchiectasis of unclear etiology. Results: Two patients had total immunoglobulin G deficiency. The frequency of IgGSD was comparatively high (n=14). When we compared IgGSD group to normal immunoglobulin G subclass group, there were no significant differences in sex, age, and the frequency of sinusitis, bronchial asthma, and the abnormal lung function. Conclusion: In cases of bronchiectasis without definite causes, it can be considered to measure the level of immunoglobulin G subclass. It is also probably worthwhile to further evaluate the relationship between IgGSD and bronchiectasis.