• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.664-669
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• 2005

Objectives : To evaluate the clinical significance of abnormal bronchi originating from the trachea or main bronchi. Methods : 21 patients (male:female ratio, 13:8; mean age, 58.2 years, range 34-77), who were diagnosed with major tracheobronchial anomalies by bronchoscopy from January 2001 to March 2005, were enrolled in this study. The anomalous bronchi consisted of 13 tracheal bronchi and 8 cardiac accessory bronchus. The clinical features, bronchoscopic findings, and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Results : Common symptoms, including hemoptysis, cough and dyspnea, resulted from the underlying lung disease regardless of the bronchial anomalies. In this series of 13 tracheal bronchi, 7 cases originated from the trachea within 1cm of the carina (carinal type) and 6 cases originated at a higher level(tracheal type). Most patients had favorable outcome with conservative treatment for the underlying lung disease. Conclusion : Most tracheobronchial anomalies are found incidentally in the process of diagnosing lung disease. The clinical outcome of patients with a bronchial anomaly depends on the underlying lung disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.707-710
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• 2004

Bridging bronchus (BB) is an extremely rare tracheobronchial anomaly. This anomaly is often associated with a sling left pulmonary artery (SLPA) and is diagnosed in infancy or at autopsy. A 29-year-old female patient with previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis was admitted because of persistent fever, cough and sputum. Fiberoptic bronchoscope and chest computed tomography revealed a bridging bronchus and associated atelectasis. The right middle and lower lobe was supplied by a bronchus which originates from the left main bronchus and bridges the mediastinum. There was no anomaly of a left pulmonary artery. Right middle and lower bilobectomy was performed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.660-664
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• 2008

The term tracheal bronchus refers to an abnormal bronchus that comes directly off of the lateral wall of the trachea (above the carina) and supplies ventilation to the upper lobe. Tracheal bronchi occur almost exclusively on the right trachea and are associated with other congenital anomalies. In addition, tracheai bronchus may be related to other inflammatory conditions with persistent wheezing, such as recurrent pneumonia, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis, which is a result of the relatively poor local drainage of the involved bronchi. An infant with recurrent wheezing is likely to be a challenge for a clinician in the evaluation of the etiology of airway obstruction and in the differential diagnosis of wheezy breathing. The authors report a case of an 8-month-old female infant with a ventricular septal defect, who presented with stridor and recurrent respiratory infection and finally was finally diagnosed with a tracheal bronchus using computed tomography and a bronchoscopy. Therefore, tracheal bronchus should be included in the differential diagnosis of any child who presents with chronic or recurrent respiratory tract symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, stridor and recurrent respiratory infection, particularly in children with other congenital deformities.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.235-239
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• 2001

배경: 폐격리증, 선천성 낭성 유선종 기형, 기관지 낭종 선천성 엽기종 및 낭성 기관지 확장증 등의 폐에 발생하는 선청성 낭성 질환은 않으며 유사한 발생학적 및 임상적 양사을 가진다. 대상 및 방법: 1972년부터 1999년까지 본원 흉부외과에서 선청성 낭성 폐질환으로 수술받은 46명의 환자를 대상으로 병상 기록을 통한 임상상, 치료 및 병리소견을 검토하였다. 결과: 환자의 평균 연령은 16.2세 였고 남녀비는 17:29였다. 주 증상은 감염에 의한 발령이 11례, 호흡곤란이 10례 그리고 흉통과 가래 등이였고, 증상이 없었던 경우가 13례 였다. 질환은 폐격리증이 13례, 선청성 낭성 유선종 기형이 12례, 기관지성낭종이 12례, 낭성 기관지 확장증이 5례 그리고 선천성 엽기종이 4례였다. 수술은 단순 절계 8례, 폐구역 절제술 6례, 폐엽 절제술 31례 그리고 전폐 전제술 1례를 시행하였고 수술 사망은 폐엽 절제술은 시행한 7세된 기관지 낭종 환자로 수술직후 발생한 뇌경색으로 1례에서 발생하였으며 술후 합병증으로는 폐렴 4례와 지속적 공기누출과 농흉이 각 1례씩 이었다. 결론; 선청성 낭성 폐질환을 가진 환자들은 진단 즉시 수술하여 좋은 결과를 얻었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.711-714
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• 2004

We report a case of mature cystic teratoma of the anterior mediastinum that ruptured into the pulmonary artery requiring an emergent surgical treatment. A 39-year-old woman presented an episode of massive hemoptysis and treated with bronchial artery embolization (BAE). On the 10th day after BAE, however, she developed sudden massive hemoptysis and had a deteriorated mental status. For a definitive treatment, she underwent the left pneumonectomy and the tumor resection in the anterior mediastinum. On histologic examination, the tumor disclosed cystic structures composed of mature squamous epithelium, pilosebaceous glands, mature fat tissue, cartilage and bone tissue. Also, there was intrapulmonary hemorrhage due to left pulmonary artery invasion of the tumor.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.583-586
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• 1998

Tracheal bronchus is an uncommon anomaly of the airway in which an ectopic bronchus arises from the trachea superior to its bifurcation. It is usually asymptomatic and no intervention is needed. However in the cases complicated with recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis or abscess, surgical excision may be needed. We report 5 cases of tracheal bronchus with or without complication or combined anomaly.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.878-882
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• 2003

Tracheal bronchus is an aberrant, accessory or ectopic bronchus arising almost invariably from the right lateral wall of the trachea and may be related to inflammatory conditions affecting the lung, including recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis. Recently we experienced a case of tracheal bronchus associated with pulmonary actinomycosis. The 37-year-old male patient had suffered recurrent hemoptysis and had been medicated as a presumptive diagnosis of tuberculosis, but either clinical or radiologic improvement was not seen. Right upper lobectomy was performed and pulmonary actinomycosis was confirmed by the histologic examination. Postoperatively, the patient was medicated with penicillin and ampicillin for 3 months and completely recovered without any evidence of recurrence during the 6month follow-up period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.207-211
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• 2021

Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital anomalies that are most frequently found in the mediastinum along the tracheobronchial tree, especially in the posterior aspect of the superior mediastinum. Bronchogenic cysts have also been reported in intrapulmonary, intrapericardial, abdominal, and retroperitoneal locations. Herein, we report a case of a retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst in the presacral space. The patient was diagnosed based on a post-operative histopathological examination.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.767-771
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• 1995

The bronchial artery-pulmonary vein malformation should be called the systemic artery-to-pulmonary vein arterioveonus malformation in the lung. Although pulmonary arteriovenous malformation has been well documented in intrapulmonary arteriovenous malformation, the systemic artery-to-pulmonary vein arteriovenous malformation is rare. Most patients with systemic artery-to-pulmonary vein arteriovenous malformation is asymptomatic and the diagnosis of these anomaly may be done by continuous murmur or abnormal chest X-ray on the physical examination. The pathogenesis of this condition is congenital malformation which explains these anastomoses between the pulmonary vein and accessory brachial arteries and acquired malformation which explains development of new blood vessel to supply large enough to cause significant systemic-pulmonary shunts due to inflammation secondary to infection, trauma, or previous surgery. We experienced a case of the bronchial artery-pulmonary vein malformation which was detected on angiography in 20-year-old women whose chief complain is hemoptysis. This massive hemoptysis was controlled by selective brachial artery embolization with Gelfoam and Ivalon particles.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2009

Dieulafoy's disease of the bronchus is rare but potentially life-threatening, and should be considered in patients with massive hemoptysis, especially from unknown etiology. We report a case of a patient with massive hemoptysis due to bronchial Dieulafoy's disease. He underwent bronchial artery embolization and surgical resection, and the post-operative specimen revealed dilated and tortuous arteries in the submucosa that presented as Dieulafoy's disease of the bronchus.