• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2005

Background : The clinical results of a Natural stent in patients with a benign tracheobronchial stenosis were examined by comparing the clinical outcomes and complications of those patients who underwent Dumon and Natural stenting in the management of benign airway stenosis. Methods : The medical records of 94 patients (39 Dumon and 55 Natural stent) with a benign tracheobronchial stenosis were reviewed and analyzed. Results : Post-tuberculous stenosis was the leading indication for airway stenting (74%), which was followed by post-intubation stenosis (21%). After intervention, the dyspnea had improved among those patients who underwent Dumon (90%) and Natural (86%) stenting. After stabilizing the dyspnea, the stent could be successfully removed in half of the patients who underwent both Dumon (54%) and Natural (49%) stenting. During the 42 month follow-up period, the complication rate was similar in those patients who underwent Dumon and Natural stenting: migration (46% vs 53%), granulation tissue formation (36% vs 49%), mucostasis (21% vs 16%) and restenosis (51% vs 36%). Conclusion : The clinical results of Natural airway stent was similar to those of Dumon stent in the management of benign tracheobronchial stenosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2002

We report successful application of dual trachcobronchial stcnt to the diffuse tracheal stenosis. An one-month-old boy was transferred to the emergency room due to tachypnea and respiratory difficulty with COB retention. Preoperative computed tomography revealed pulmonary artery sling with diffuse tracheal stenosis. We found that the diameter of the both main bronchus was less than 3mm and the trachea was a complete ring. We divided the left pulmonary artery and implanted it to the main pulmonary artery under cardiopulmonary bypass. After that, tracheoplasty was performed with autologous pericardium. However, after the initial measures, CO2 retention and respiratory difficulty persisted due to the granulation tissue and dynamic obstruction of the airway ensued by the overlying pericardial flap. Therefore, we decided to apply a single tracheal stunt. After the insertion of tracheal stent, residual stenosis of the both main bronchus opening continued to cause respiratory difficulty Finally we applied dual tracheobronchial stent and resolved the airway obstruction.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.512-517
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• 2005

Purpose : In adults, endoscopic tracheobronchial balloon dilatation and stenting have become valuable methods to establish and maintain an adequate airway lumen when tracheomalacia or neoplastic growth compromise the airways. But in children, only a few cases were reported due to technical problems. We report six children who were treated with stent implantation and describe the use and safety of airway stents. Methods : Six patients with severe airway obstruction were treated. We investigated the underlying medical problems, stenotic site, symptomatic improvement and complications, and the size and location of stent. Results : The median age of the six patients was 21 months. Three of them were mechanically ventilated and one had an endotracheal tube to maintain the patency of airway. Diagnoses were : congenital tracheal stenosis with or without bronchomalacia, granulation tissue formation after right upper lobectomy by bronchial carcinoid or after prolonged intubation, endobronchial tuberculosis, and airway compression by mediastinal undifferentiated sarcoma. Nitinol stents were implanted in the airway guided by bronchoscopy and fluoroscopy simultaneously. Three cases were placed in trachea, the others were in the bronchus. After stent implantation, all patients showed marked improvements of their airway obstructive symptoms. Four patients are doing well, although two expired due to underlying diseases. Four patients had granulation tissue formation around stents, but that was tolerable after removing the stent. Conclusion : We suggest that the use of expandible metallic stent implantation can offer safe therapeutic option even in extremely severe, life threatening and inoperable airway stenosis in children.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.431-438
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• 2002

Background : In order to investigate the usefulness and safety of Natural Stent, we performed this study in a canine model of tracheal stenosis induced using Nd-YAG laser. Materials and Methods : After tracheal stenosis was induced in 12 Mongrel dogs using Nd-YAG laser, either Dumon (n=6) or Natural (n=6) stent was inserted into the trachea. To assess the degree of stent migration and mucostasis, bronchoscopy was performed every week for 4 weeks, after which all stents were removed. One week after stent removal, tracheal stenosis was evaluated by bronchoscopy. Results : The degree of stent migration was not different between the dogs with Dumon stent ($3.0{\pm}0.8$) and those with Natural ($2.0{\pm}1.0$), nor was the degree of mucostasis, at Dumon ($1.7{\pm}0.5$) and Natural Stent ($1.5{\pm}0.6$), respectively. One week after stent removal, the degree of tracheal stenosis was not different between the Dumon ($1.5{\pm}0.5$) and the Natural group ($1.0{\pm}0.4$). In addition, there was no death and the degree of tracheal stenosis remained always within the safe limit (less than 2.0) in all animals. Conclusion : In a canine model of tracheal stenosis induced using Nd-YAG laser, the usefulness and safety of Natural Stent were similar to those of Dumon Stent. A clinical trial is necessary to document the usefulness and safety of Natural Stent in patients with tracheal stenosis.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.27-32
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• 2003

To evaluate usefulness of a functional tracheobronchial phantom for interventional procedure. The functional phantom was made as a actual size with human normal anatomy used silicone and a paper clay mold. A tracheobronchial-shape clay mold was placed inside a square box and liquid silicone was poured. After the silicone was formed, the clay was removed. We measured film density and tracheobronchial angle at the human, animal and phantom, respectively. The film density of trachea part were 0.76(${\pm}0.011$) in human, 0.97(${\pm}0.015$) in animal, 0.45(${\pm}0.016$) in phantom. The tracheobronchial bifurcation part measured 0.51(${\pm}0.006$) in human, 0.65(${\pm}0.005$) in animal, 0.65(${\pm}0.008$) in phantom. The right bronchus part measured 0.14(${\pm}0.008$) in human, 0.59(${\pm}0.014$) in animal and 0.04(${\pm}0.007$) in phantom. The left bronchus were 0.54(${\pm}0.004$) in human, 0.54(${\pm}0.008$) in animal and 0.08(${\pm}0.008$) in phantom. At the stent part were 0.54(${\pm}0.004$) in human, 0.59(${\pm}0.011$) in animal and 0.04(${\pm}0.007$) in phantom, respectively. The tracheobronchial angle of the left bronchus site were $42.6({\pm}2.07)^{\circ}$ in human, $43.4({\pm}2.40)^{\circ}$ in animal and $35({\pm}2.00)^{\circ}$ in phantom, respectively. The right bronchus site were $32.8({\pm}2.77)^{\circ}$ in human, $34.6({\pm}1.94)^{\circ}$ in animal and $50.2({\pm}1.30)^{\circ}$ in phantom, respectively. The phantom was useful for in-vitro testing of tracheobronchial interventional procedure, since it was easy to reproduce.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.400-404
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• 2008

A 10-year-old intact female Yorkshire terrier dog (weighing 3 kg) was referred with the primary complaint of severe dyspnea, cyanosis and occasional syncopal episode. Physical examination revealed irregularly irregular bradycardia with persistent pulse deficits. The 12-lead surface ECG showed high grade atrioventricular blocks. Thoracic radiography revealed severe intrathoracic collapse. The dog was successfully treated with an intraluminal self-expanding stent ($COOK^{(R)}$) under the aid of transcutaneous cardiac pacing.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.19-23
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• 2009

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 1997

Although most of the patients with endobronchial tuberculosis have some degree of bronchial stenosis, more aggressive treatment is needed to restore the patency of the involved tracheobronchial tree for some patients not responding well to antituberculous chemotherapy combined with steroids. In our first case, we reseated stenotic trachea in a 42 years old women who showe overgrowing granulation tissue through the modified Gianturco steno wire which was previously inserted and anastomosed end to end. Another case was a 37 years old male with left main bronchial rcstenosis complicate, $\boxUl$ after inserting a Strecker stent and sleeve left upper lobectomy was performed.

• Journal of The Korean Radiological Technologist Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.146.2-147
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2006