• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.32-40
• /
• 2017

In this study, the procedures for quantitative measurement of void contents of carbon fiber/epoxy composites were suggested. Two types of the composites were considered: autoclave cured composite and filament wound composite. Void contents of the composites were evaluated by the density of the composites and their constituents, which was determined from weights in the air and water, and the weight fraction and volume fraction of the constituents obtained from the digestion method and combustion method. The surfaces of filtered carbon fibers were examined by FE-SEM in order to investigate the validity of resin removal from the composites. According to the results, the resin in the composites could be fully removed by the digestion method and combustion method. Therefore, the weight fraction and volume fraction of the constituents, and void content of the composites could be quantitatively obtained by the suggested procedures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.51-51
• /
• 2002

나노기공물질은 특정 기반물질(matrix) 내부에 대략 나노미터크기의 기공을 함유하고 있는 물질이며 나노기공물질의 특성은 기반물질의 특성과 더불어 기공의 형태, 크기, 분포에 의해서 결정된다. 나노기공물질의 기공에 대한 정보를 측정하는 방법으로는 TEM, 흡착법, FE-SEM과 더불어 중성자 또는 X-ray 빔의 산란을 이용하는 소각중성자산란 (Small-Angle Neutron Scatering, SANS), 소각 X-ray 산란 (Small-Angle X-ray Scattering, SAXS), 중성자반사율측정 (Neutron Relfectimetry, NR), X-ray 반사율측정 (X-Ray Reflectometry, XRR) 등이 사용되고 있다. 본 발표는 대략 1 nm - 100 nm 영역의 bulk 구조와 층상구조를 측정할 수 있는 소각 중성자 산란과 중성자 반사율 측정기법을 이용한 나노기공 측정기술을 다룬다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.37 no.9
• /
• pp.879-886
• /
• 2000

고온용 전기.열 절연재의 유리모재로 사용하기 위한 산화크롬함유 인산염 유리 복합체의 소결거동, 물성, 그리고 미세구조변화를 연구하였다. 단미의 유리는 점성유동에 의한 1단계 소결수축을 보이나 복합체는 점성유동 및 반응 액상소결에 의한 2단계 수축을 보였다. 단미 유리는 소결온도 증가에 따라 재기공율이 감소하고 기공크기가 작아지지만 93$0^{\circ}C$ 이사에서는 폐기공이 생성되면서 기공이 성장함을 보였다. 복합체 소결밀도는 산화크롬 증가에 따라 감소하였으며, 특히 산화크롬 40% 이상에서는 percolation에 의해 소결수축율이 급격히 저하하였다. 복합체의 곡강도는 산화크롬 증가에 따라 거의 직선적으로 감소한 반면 열팽창율은 오히려 급속히 증가함을 보였다.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.15 no.4 s.72
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 2006

There was some difficulty dewatering properties due to small porosity diameter of cake, when pigment sludge contained fine particle was formed by cake under the dewatering. It was difficult to dewater the sludge with fine particles with the conventional mechanical dewatering method. This study was to improve the dewatering rate as discharging the water from porosity of cake easily, supplying the low heat to the cake layer. Thermal dewatering equipment of piston type to keep up constant temperature on the cake was set up and relative experiment was conducted for sludge of 200 g with fine pigment particle. As test results. filtration of 176.8 g, cake weight of 19.4 g, cake thickness of 4.2 mm was measured, and it was analyzed that the water content of cake was 47 wt% and dewatering velocity, which moaned the residual d교 sloid amount per dewatering area, was $2.1DS\;m^{2}{\cdot}cycle$. This results showed that filtration increased, cake weight and thickness decreased and dewatering velocity increased against mechanical dewatering method. And water content of cake decreased about 30%, so the result which dewatering rate improved was drew generally. The reason is that the inner vapor pressure working at the cake porosity increased as applying the low heat to the cake layer, which lead to discharge the water from porosity easily. Therefore, this study was estimated by the useful technology for sludge reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 1999

The relationship of the winding process variables and the mechanical properties of filament wound composites is investigated experimentally. The winding process variables considered are the fiber tensions and the fiber ends. The filament wound ring specimens are fabricated using 3-axis controlled filament winding machine. Two types of carbon fibers, TZ-507 and IZ-40, are used as reinforcements and epoxy for filament winding is used as resin. During the winding process, the fiber tensions are varied from 0.5kgf to 3.0kgf, and the number of the fiber ends are varied from 1 to 6. The fiber volume fractions and the void contents for the ring specimens are measured through the resin digestion. The mechanical properties of the ring specimens are also evaluated by the split disk test. The test results show that the winding process variables affect the fiber volume fractions and the void contents of the ring specimens, which result in the variation of the tensile properties of the ring specimens. Therefore, suitable winding process variables should be applied to maximize the structural performance and the productivity for filament wound structures.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2006

This study focuses on investigating the effect of porosity-controlled earthenware on fermentation of kanjang, Korean soy sauce. Porosity of fermentation vessel was controlled by changing the mixing ratio of raw soils at manufacturing earthenware. Earthenwares contented 0%, 40% and 60% of the mixture of red brown soil and powdered soil (1 : 1), respectively. The more contents of the mixed soil, the more porosity in earthenware. During fermentation of kanjang in porosity-controlled earthenwares at $30^{\circ}C$ for 4 months, physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory quality attributes were monitored. Compared to other containers, kanjang in the earthenware that had 0% mixed soil showed less water loss, salt content and pH. It also produced higher total acidity, protease activity, total nucleotide, and microbiological changes which included total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Total nitrogen and free amino acids in kanjang did not show the consistency with the mixed soil contents of fermentation containers, which may take more effect of other factors as water loss than the porosity of vessels. However, the percentage of glutamic acid in total free amino acids was a little higher in the earthenware that had 0% of mixed soil than other containers. These positive physicochemical, microbiological changes also resulted in higher sensory quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
• /
• 1995.05a
• /
• pp.230-235
• /
• 1995

염-암모니아계 화학열펌프기술의 핵심인 전도성 블록의 특성파악을 위한 기초단계 연구로서 전도성 블록의 제조 및 기초물성분석에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 황산이 함유된 천연흑연을 열처리하여 팽창흑연을 준비하고 특성을 분석하였다. 이 팽창흑연을 압축, 성형하여 흑연지지체를 제조하였으며, 성형된 지지체에 진공기법을 이용하여 염을 함침하고 건조과정을 거쳐 전도성 블록을 제조하였다. 전도성 블록의 특성분석으로서 염의 입자내에 분산정도는 EPMA/EDS, 기공율 및 기공크기 분포는 헬륨침투법과 수은 침투법, 기체투과도는 Darcy's law를 적용하고, 열전도도 측정은 전이 일차원 열류기법을 이용하였다. 전도성 블록이 암모니아와 반응 했을때 부피팽창을 관찰하였으며, 반응기에서 전도성블록의 온도분포를 관찰하였다. 본 연구에서 제조된 블록은 염이 균일하게 분산되어 있었으며 기공율은 제조조건에 따라 0.4 ∼ 0.83, 기체투과도는 0.01 ∼ 10 Darcy, 열전도도는 흑연지지체의 겉보기 밀도가 110 kg/㎥ 인 경우, 반지름방향의 열전도도, λr은 20 W/mK, 축방향의 열전도도, λa는 17 W/mK 이였다. 겉보기밀도가 150 kg/㎥ 인 경우, λr은 22 W/wK, λa는 20 W/wK 이였다. 전도성 블록의 부피팽창은 비가역적이었으며 대부분이 반지름 방향보다 축방향에서 팽창이 일어났다. 온도분포는 초기 반응의 kinetics가 내부온도를 지배하였으나, 시간이 경과후 반응기 내부온도는 외부열전달에 의해 지배되었다.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2004

In the vacuum assisted RTM (VARTM) process that has become the center of attention for manufacturing massive composite structures, a good evacuation of air in the fiber preform is recognized as the prime factor. The microvoids, or the dry spots, are formed as a result of improper gate/vent locations and the mold geometry. The non-uniform resin velocity at the flow front leads to the formation of microvoids in the fibers, whereas the air in the microvoids can migrate along with the resin flow during mold filling. The residual air in the internal voids of a composite structure may cause a degradation of the mechanical properties as well as the structural failure. In this study, a unified macro- and micro analysis methods were developed to investigate the formation and transport of air in resin during VARTM process. A numerical simulation program was developed to analyze the three-dimensional flow pattern as well as the macro- and microscopic distribution of air in a composite part fabricated by VARTM process.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2007

This research investigated the effect of different onggi containers (Korean earthenware) on the ripening of kochujang (Korean hot pepper paste). The physical characteristics of 'onggi', were evaluated as function of manufacturing variables such as raw material soils (onggi-specific soil, red brown soil, and fine powdered soil) and galzing treatments. The physical properties were then related to the compositional quality changes of the kochujang fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ for 4 months. The porosity of the onggi containers seems to be increased by the content of finer raw soil rather than the chemical component of soil (amount of CaO, MgO, $K_2O$ and $Na_2O$, acting as melting aid in the firing). Natural glaze was measured to contain higher contents of CaO, MgO, $K_2O$ and $Na_2O$ than the other soils, which is desirable property for the fired onggi. The glazed surface showed higher far-infrared radiation emissivity than the non-glazed part. The kochujang fermented in P0-BG (the glazed onggi from 100 % onggi soil) attained higher concentration of reducing sugar, amino nitrogen and nucleotides compared to those in the other onggis. All of these changes of kochujang in P0-BG resulted in significantly better sensory quality than the other treatments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2012.08a
• /
• pp.305-305
• /
• 2012

빗각 증착은 입사 증기가 기판과 평행하게 입사하지 않고 기울여져 입사하는 코팅 방법으로 박막의 조직을 다양한 형태로 제어할 수 있다. 사전 연구결과에서 빗각으로 코팅된 알루미늄(Al) 박막의 경우 빗각으로 코팅되지 않은 Al 박막보다 반사율, 표면조도, 내식성이 향상되는 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구에서는 빗각 증착과 Al 박막의 Si 함유량이 반사율, 내열, 내식성에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 마그네트론 스퍼터링으로 Al과 Al-Si 합금(Al-3 wt%Si, Al-10wt%Si)을 코팅하였다. 기판은 실리콘 웨이퍼와 염수분무시험을 위해 냉간압연강판을 사용하였으며 기판은 진공용기에 장착하기 전 알코올과 아세톤으로 초음파 세척 후 진공용기에서 글로우 방전을 이용하여 청정을 실시하였다. 기판 청정이 끝나면 기판을 $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$의 다양한 빗각으로 고정시켜 다층의 Al과 Al-Si 합금 박막을 코팅하였다. 박막의 조직을 관찰하기 위해 전자현미경을 사용하였으며 Al과 Al-Si 박막이 코팅된 냉간압연강판의 부식 특성을 평가하기 위해서 염수분무시험을 실시하였다. 박막의 치밀도 측정을 위해 Ferroxyl 시험을 실시하여 철과 Ferroxyl 용액이 반응하여 발생하는 파란 반점으로 기공도를 평가하였다. 박막의 내열성 평가를 위해서 대기 전기로를 이용하여 $450^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$에서 각각 4시간과 8시간 동안 열처리를 실시하여 시편 표면의 색상 변화를 분광광도계와 색차계로 관찰하였다. Al 박막의 Si 함량이 증가할수록 박막의 조직이 치밀해지고 내부식성이 향상되었다. Si이 10 wt% 함유된 박막은$500^{\circ}C$로 8시간 열처리한 후에도 열처리하지 않은 시편과 광택도 비교에서 변화가 크지 않았다. 빗각 $30^{\circ}$에서 코팅한 Si 함량 10 wt%인 박막이 우수한 반사율을 보였으며 염수분무시험에서 216시간이 경과한 후에 적청이 발생하여 우수한 내부식성을 보였다. 따라서 코팅층의 우수한 내부식성과 내열성, 높은 반사율은 다양한 산업분야에 적용이 가능한 우수한 표면처리 소재를 확보할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.