• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.78-88
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• 1995

For producing iron or steel products with good quality, the concentration of the material components should be analyzed quickly with high relability using XRF(Fluorescent X-Ray Spectrometer). Since the analysis results are much dependent upon the surface con- dition, the samples have to be prepared to have good test condition. This study presents an image processing system for inspecting the surface condition of the iron test sample. In order to use thd computer vision system, we need to develop a lighting device and image processing algorithm. For the adequate lighting device of inspection system, the indirect lighting device is contrived to cut the external light and provide uniform, stable and cold light. The image processing algorithm is aimed to reduce inspection time and to get similar analyzing results to those of the experienced operators. At first, the image processing algorithm checks whether the surface of the iron sample is ground well or not. Then, the defects; hole or dig are conted and surface condition is evaluated. In addition, the algorithm gives the reliability of the analyzing results in order to help operator's decision.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.115-119
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• 2020

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is state-of-the-art additive manufacturing process technology that produces a three-dimensional structure by irradiating a laser on a fine metal powder to perform the fusion of a specific area and repeat this process. Owing to the characteristics of the additive manufacturing process, the melting phenomenon of the metal material by the laser has directionality depending on the process conditions, such as the irradiation direction of the laser and the build-up direction. For this reason, the composition of the metal material in the structure exhibits non-uniform characteristics. In this study, aluminum (AlSi10Mg) specimens were manufactured by applying SLM technology, and the material composition characteristics of the specimen were analyzed. The specimens were manufactured as cylinders by the build-up orientation of 0°, 45°, and 90°. The surface morphology of the specimen plane was analyzed optically. TEM analysis was performed on the core and the interface of the melting-pool inside the specimen generated by laser irradiation. The analysis results confirmed that there was a difference between the nano cell structure of the core and the interface of the melting-pool, and that the composition ratio of Si appeared higher at the interface than at the core of the cell.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2004

The TEM samples prepared by ion milling have the advantage that thin area can be obtained from almost any materials. However, it has the disadvantage that the amount of thin area can often be quite limited. For the cross-sectioned samples and grossly heterogeneous materials, the thickness of less than $0.1{\mu}m$ can be achieved by mechanical grinding and polishing (tripod polisher) and then the TEM samples may be ion-milled for final thinning or cleaning. These approaches were described in this paper. Examples of TEM observations were taken from cross-section samples of thin films on silicon and sapphire, from diffusion layers between $Mo_5Si_3\;and\;Mo_2B$, and from rapidly solidified 304 stainless steel powders embedded in electroplated copper.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 1992

디입그로잉용 냉간 압연 강판의 인장시험편에 디지탈 이미지 프로세싱 기술을 적용하여 표면에서의 변형 및 변형도 분포 구하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 시편표면상의 절점 위치를 이미지 프로세싱에 의해 결정하는 부분과 이들 위치점들을 이용하여 변형도를 계산하는 두 부분으로 구성되어,있다. 본 연 구에서는 시편상의 각 절점 위치를 구하기 위해 검은 원형의 반점들로 배열된 사각 형상의 격자를 사용하 였고, 이미지 프로세싱에 의해 구해진 절점 좌표를 이용하여 소재 표면에서의 변형 패턴, 주 변형도 분포, 유효 변형도 분포, 임계 변형도 등을 구하였다. 인장시험하는 동안 시편 표면상의 국부 네킹이 발생될때 까지 주변형도에 의한 변형 이력은 거의 적선적으로 변형되고 있기 때문에, 유효 변형도 값은 매 변형 단계마다 변형도 증분의 누적에 관계없이 거의 일정한 값을 보여주고 있었으며, 최대 유효 변형도는 시편의 중앙부에서 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.282-282
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• 2012

일반 금속은 부식에 약하다는 단점을 보완하기 위해 개발된 스테인레스 스틸은 내식성이 필요로 하는 다양한 분야에서 이용되고 고크로뮴을 포함한 오스테나이트 스테인레스 스틸은 일반적으로 엔지니어링 재료로 사용되고 있다. 하지만 오스테나이트 스테인레스 스틸은 낮은 표면 경도와 지지용량으로 인해 내마모특성이 필요한 제품에는 사용이 미약한 수준이다. 현재 이러한 내마모특성을 높이기위해 오스테나이트 스테인레스 스틸은 이온질화와 이온주입등의 방법을 사용하여 표면 특성을 향상시키고자 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 저진공 하에서 플라즈마를 이용하여 시편에 질화층과 Nitrogen Supersaturated Austenite층(S-phase)을 형성하여 경도와 인성을 향상시키고, 형성된 S-phase층의 두께에 따른 내식성, 내열성 특성을 확인하였다. 그리고 스테인레스 계열 시편의 질화시 나타나는 CrN층과 비교하였다. 특성 확인을 위한 시편은 약 $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ 사이의 공정온도로 질소와 수소가스를 혼합하여 플라즈마를 형성하고 약 4시간동안의 공정을 통해 제작하였다. 제작된 시편의 경도와 조직, S-phase층의 두께를 분석하고 CrN층의 형성여부를 확인하였다. 이와 더불어 공정압력과 가스비의 변화에 따른 실험을 진행하여 질화특성을 확인하고자 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.52-53
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• 2000

물질 내부에서의 초음파(ultrasonics)의 전파특성을 분석하면 측정대상의 외형적 크기와 성분조성, 내부결함의 분포, 그리고 결정입경(grain size) 등과 같은 물질의 미세조직을 비파괴적으로 평가(NDE; non-destructive evaluation)할 수 있다. 초음파를 이용하는 비파괴 평가에 있어서 기존에는 주로 접촉식 압전변환기(PZT transducer)를 이용하여 초음파를 인가함과 동시에 이를 이용하여 측정대상 내부를 전파한 초음파를 검지하는 방식을 이용하여 왔다. 이와 같은 압전변환기를 이용한 비파괴 평가는 측정방법이 비교적 간단하고 초음파 에너지의 정량화가 용이한 장점이 있으나 측정방식이 접촉식이기 때문에 측정 시편이 고온이거나 움직이는 대상에는 적용이 어렵다. 따라서 비파괴 평가의 궁극적인 활용목표의 하나인 온-라인 평가를 실현하기 위해서는 비접촉식 초음파 평가방법이 정립되어야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 최근 레이저를 이용한 비접촉식 초음파의 생성 및 검지방법에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.798-807
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• 2008

Due to economic impairment derived from metal corrosion of pumping station installed around coastal area, it was needed for related cause-effect to be investigated for understanding practical corrosion behavior and providing proper control. This research was thus carried out to determine whether the microbe can influence on metal corrosion along with its control in the laboratory. For this study, groundwater was sampled from the underground pump station(i.e. I Gas Station) where corrosion was observed. Microbial diversity on the samples were then obtained by 16S rDNA methods. From this, microbial populations showing corrosion behaviors against metals were reported as Leptothrix sp.(Iron oxidizing) and Desulfovibrio sp.(Sulfur reducing) Iron oxidizing bacteria were dominantly participating in the corrosion of iron, while sulfate reducing bacteria were more preferably producing precipitate of iron. In case of galvanized steel and stainless steel, iron oxidizing bacteria not only enhanced the corrosion, but also generated its scale of precipitate. Sulfate reducing bacteria had zinc steel corroded greater extent than that of iron oxidizing bacteria. In the inactivation test, chlorine or UV exposure could efficiently control bacterial growth. However as the inactivation intensity being increased beyond a threshold level, corrosion rate was unlikely escalated due to augmented chemical effect. It is decided that microbial corrosion could be differently taken place depending upon type of microbes or materials, although they were highly correlated. It could be efficiently retarded by given disinfection practices.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.464-470
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• 2009

For the investigation of the oxidation behavior for titanium metal at various temperatures, titanium specimens were heated for 2 hours in the range of $300{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$, individually. And then X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic analyses were carried out. At $300^{\circ}C$, infrared absorption bands on the surface of the titanium specimen were shown in a spectrum by the oxygen uptake of titanium metal(hexagonal). At increased temperature, not only infrared absorption bands but also X-ray diffraction peaks for the titanium oxide were grown and shifted to low wave number ($cm^{-1}$) and angle($^{\circ}$) due to the more oxygen diffusion into titanium metal. At $700^{\circ}C$, $Ti_3O$ (hexagonal phase) was identified by X-ray diffractometer. $TiO_2$ (rutile, tetragonal phase) layer was produced on the surface of the specimen below $1{\mu}m$ in thickness at $600^{\circ}C$, and grown about $2{\mu}m$ at $700^{\circ}C$ and with $110{\mu}m$ in thickness at $1000^{\circ}C$. Above $900^{\circ}C$, (110) plane of the crystal on the surface of rutile-$TiO_2$ layer was grown.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2009

Methyl Bromide that was used as fumigation gas turned out to be the substance of destroying the ozone layer. For that reason, at the Montreal Protocol in 1987 the use of methyl bromide was forbidden starting 2005 in the advanced country. Also according to the 2007 Bali Protocolly methyl bromide is expected to be forbidden and therefore the purpose of this study is to find out the effects of substitution fumigation gas (Ethylene Oxide+HFC 134a, Methyl Iodide, Cyanogen and Argon) on the metal(silver, copper and iron), wood(oregon pine), pigment(yellow, red, blue, white and black), textile(hemp, ramie, jute, silk1 and silk2 / indigo, safflower and cork) and paper. After the fumigation test, ethylene oxide+HFC 134a did not have changes in the weight and color of the material itself before and after the experiment. On exterior alteration, color change occurred partly on paper and metal. Also, in most materials color change extent was 0.5 to 1.5 on the average and showed scanty difference. The materials after the fumigation test with methyl iodide did not show weight changes after the test. However, color changes more than 1.0 was shown in most of the materials especially in dyed textile material. In blue pigment, the discoloration on the surface could be seen by naked eyes. Fumigation test with cyanogen gas did not show weight changes and discoloration is more than 1.5 before and after the test. The weight changes of test materials with the argon gas was decreased about 3 to 6%. It can be observed that discoloration on paper was generated. Color changes can be seen on jute dyed with safflower and cork for two weeks with argon gas and the extent was 6.3 and 6.0.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.251-255
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• 2003

탄화규소 반도체에 대한 오옴성 금속 접촉 성질을 조사하기 위해 3종류의 금속 (Ni, Co, Cu)을 세척한 탄화규소 반도체 위에 직접 증착하여 전기적 성질을 조사 비교하였다. 이들 금속에 대한 오옴성 성질은 금속종류 뿐만 아니라 열처리조건에 대해서도 크게 좌우됨을 알 수 있었다. 열처리는 급속열처리 장치를 이용한 진공상태 및 환원 분위기에서 2-step 방법으로 시행하였다. 접합비 저항은 TLM 구조를 만들었으며 면저항$(R_s)$, 접촉저항$(R_c)$, 이동거리$(L_T)$, 패드간거리(d), 저항$(R_T)$ 값을 구하면 접합비저항$(\rho_c)$ 값을 구하여 알려진 계산식에 의해 추정하였다. 가장 양호한 결과는 Cu 금속에 의한 접촉 결과이었으며 접합비저항$(\rho_c)$은 $1.2\times10^{-6}{\Omega}cm^2$의 낮은 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 열처리는 진공보다 환원분위기에서 수행한 시편이 양호한 전기적 성질을 가짐을 알 수 있었다.