• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.25-36
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• 2021

This study analyzed the causes of flood accidents, such as isolation and lost footing accidents in Dorimcheon, to provide legal and institutional improvements. For cause analysis, Field Investigation, Stakeholder Interview, Report, manual, Law et al. Review, Analysis of water level change characteristics, automatic alarm issuance standard level analysis, and evacuation time according to river control were evaluated. Dorimcheon has the characteristics of a typical urban river, which is disadvantageous in terms of water control. In addition, the risk of flood accidents is high because the section where fatal accidents occur forms sharply curved channels. Tripping and isolation accidents occur in the floodplain watch and evacuation stage, which is the stage before the flood watch and warning is issued. Because floodplain evacuation is issued only when the water level rises to the floodplain, an immediate response according to the rainfall forecast is essential. Furthermore, considering that the rate of water level rise is up to 2.62 cm/min in Sillimgyo 3 and Gwanakdorimgyo, sufficient evacuation time is not secured after the floodplain watch is issued. Considering that fatal accidents occurred 0.46 m below the standard water level for the flood watch, complete control is very important, such as blocking the entry of rivers to prevent accidents. Based on these results, four improvement measures were suggested, and it is expected to contribute to the prevention of Tripping and Isolation Accidents occurring in rivers.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.237-259
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• 2012

This study is a comprehensive overview about recent school violence sought to find ways to cope. To this end, previous studies and recent data were analyzed systematically. With the results of the analysis, this study presents the status, causes and countermeasures of school violence. The results of this study are as follows: School violence is becoming increasingly diverse. The age of the perpetrator is getting increasingly younger. Girls' school violence is increasing. Perpetrators and victims, the distinction is unclear. Verbal and emotional violence is increasing. The persistence of violence are increasing. And the corresponding level of awareness about school violence is very low. The development of the psychological characteristics of adolescent school violence and personal effects caused by psychological characteristics are complex. School violence is caused by family, school and society factors. School violence is caused by the lack of response. School Violence Action Plan should be considered development psychological characteristics of adolescence and psychological characteristics of each individual. Measures include school violence, there is an individual's psychological Measures. There are environmental Measures such as home, school and society. There are measures related with environmental factors. There is school violence prevention Program.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.390-395
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• 2019

Hydrogymnastics so that sufficient exercise effect can be obtained using the resistance of water has a positive effect on patients who have to receive arthritis or rehabilitation treatment. However, the studies on the effect are insufficient, and the main cause of their effects has not been unclear yet. In this study, in order to identify the main cause of the effects of Hydrogymnastics, conducted Unsteady fluid flow simulation under the same conditions as the actual environment. The analysis model based on real hands, and the pressure fluctuation applied to the knuckle was analyzed by the computational fluid method. During the underwater movement of the hands, Various sizes of vortices were generated between fingers due to skin surface velocity and flow resistance. Pressure of about -500 Pa to +500 Pa is applied by the vortex flow. Also It was confirmed that the positive pressure and the negative pressure were continuously repeated up to maximum + 2000 Pa at the minimum of -2000 Pa at the portion where the direction was changed. Pressure fluctuations with a frequency of 20 Hz to 70 Hz were added continuously for each knuckle. These continuous pressure fluctuations provide a direct massage effect on the knuckles, an It is judged that the blood circulation at the relevant part is positively affected.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.21-42
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• 2021

This study was conducted to derive a Korean model that can permanently maintain and develop Korea. After analyzing Korean society, especially modern Korea, which was the foundation of the founding of the Republic of Korea, a Korean model that can lead Korean society as a sustainable society in human society was derived. The situation of Korea and Koreans was analyzed from a fundamental level. We analyzed the root causes of deepening division and conflict and vague concepts of freedom and justice, and presented a Korean model of the Republic of Korea based on the founding ideology and constitutional spirit of the Republic of Korea to solve these problems. The necessary conditions for being a Korean were derived from the founding ideology and constitutional spirit of the Republic of Korea, the indigenous ideology of Korea, and the fashion and lifestyle of Koreans, derived. In addition, basic axioms for the Korean model were presented, and the structure of the Korean model was designed based on this. The Korean model is presented so that Korean society can lead the human society and be happy for a long time. Reflecting the results of in-depth analysis of the ideological foundations of modern Koreans, a new long-term sustainable structure for Koreans with various ideologies to live well together was proposed. The new Korean model was named the service-oriented Korean model. This is because it is a model centered on thorough checks and balances between all opponents, because it is a multidimensional dynamic Korean model rather than a simple linear one-dimensional Korean model, and because it is a Hwajaengtaeguk model that accurately expresses the identity of Koreans. It was proposed as a model for the sustainable development of Korean society. A follow-up study on specific Korean education programs is needed in the future.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

This study was conducted to derive a model of the legal system that is the basis for realizing the service economy, political administration, and social education system. Based on the experience of mankind's legal system operation in the historical era for the past 5,000 years, a legal system model that will make the future human society sustainable has been established. The problems of the current legal system were analyzed at the fundamental level. The root cause of injustice and unfairness was analyzed and a new legal system was designed. Through the legal systems of various national societies that have been attempted in the history of mankind, the structure of the legal system that is desirable for the modern society was designed. Human society, which has experienced how much good legal system has been and is being abused by human irrationality and nonsense, needs to make an effort to change the legal system paradigm itself by learning lessons from failure. This study derives the basis for a legal system that can realize justice and a fair society in the long term. It proposed a model for improving the legal system that allows human society to be happy for a long time. To this end, the fundamental role of the legal system was analyzed at the ideological level and the problems of the current legal system were presented. In addition, the problem of fundamental assumptions about human nature was analyzed and improved assumptions were presented. The structural system of the current legal system was analyzed and a new structure was proposed. In addition, a plan for the operation of a new legal system based on a new structure was suggested. The new legal system was named servicism system. This is because it is a model centered on thorough checks and balances between all opponents, not a simple linear one-dimensional legal system, but a multidimensional legal system, and because it is a viewpoint that clearly recognizes both human reason and desire. The new system is a model that reflects the confrontation between the rule of law and the non-law rule and the confrontation between the power people and the general public. A follow-up study is needed on a concrete plan for transitioning from the current legal system to a new legal system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.706-714
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• 2020

Currently, 90 % of the world's population breathes air with a fine dust content exceeding the World Health Organization's annual average exposure limit (10 ㎍/㎥). Global efforts have been devoted toward reducing secondary pollutants and ultra-fine dust through regulations on nitrogen oxides released over land and sea. Domestic efforts have also aimed at creating clean marine environments by reducing sulfur emissions, which are the primary cause of dust accumulation in ships, through developing and distributing environment-friendly ships. Among the technologies for reducing harmful emissions from diesel engines, electrostatic precipitator offer several advantages such as a low pressure loss, high dust collection efficiency, and NOx removal and maintenance. This study aims to increase the durability of a ship by improving equipment quality through failure mode effects analysis for the preventive maintenance of an electrostatic precipitator that was developed for reducing fine dust particles emitted from the 2,427 kW marine diesel engines in ships with a gross tonnage of 999 tons. With regard to risk priority, failure mode 241 (poor dust capture efficiency) was the highest, with an RPN of 180. It was necessary to determine the high-risk failure mode in the collecting electrode and manage it intensively. This was caused by clearance defects, owing to vibrations and consequent pin loosening. Given that pin loosening is mainly caused by vibrations generated in the hull or equipment, it is necessary to manage the position of pin loosening.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.432-439
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• 2020

Brake judder has been identified in some operating military units of Korean Light Tactical Vehicles(KLTV) with In-board brake systems to improve braking performance. Severe vibration generated while driving the vehicle may reduce the KLTV's driving stability and further lead to accidents. For the prevention of this, this study analyzes the root cause through the failure analysis on the vehicles with the brake judder identified. Furthermore, the improvement factor was derived by identifying a vibration transmission path by analyzing the vibration transmission mechanism. The study analysis confirmed that the vibration of the frame during braking in the tactical vehicle is a cold judder phenomenon, which is caused by an increase in disk thickness variation due to rust and foreign substances under excessive brake disc's run-out. In addition, it was confirmed that such vibration can be reduced by improving the mounting structure. So, an improvement method for each factor was suggested and its effectiveness was verified by comparison test. Finally, it is expected that the improvement plans derived through this study can be used in the development of a next military vehicle.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.179-197
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• 1991

선도환의 가격을 결정하는 접근방법에는 2차자산(derivative assets)이라는 선도계약의 기본특성에 기초한 재정거래(arbitrage)에 의한 방법이 가장 많이 이용되고 있다. 재정거래방식에는 선도환과 현물외환가격간의 상호관련성에 의하여 선도환가격을 이자율평가설(covered interest rate parity : CIRP), 즉 현물가격과 양국간의 이자율차이의 합으로 표시하고 있다. 특히 현물가격과 이자율은 모두 현재시점에서 의사결정자에게 알려져 있기때문에 선도환가격은 확실성하에서 결정되어 미래에 대한 예측이나 투자자의 위험회피도와는 관계없이 결정된다는 것이 특징이다. 이자율평가설에 관한 많은 실증연구는 거래 비용을 고려한 경우 현실적으로 적절하다고 보고 있다(Frenkel and Levich ; 1975, 1977). 다른 방법으로는 선도환의 미래예측기능에만 촛점을 맞추어 가격결정을 하는 투기, 예측접근방법(speculative efficiency approach : 이하에서는 SEA라 함)이 있다. 이 방법 중에서 가장 단순한 형태로 표시된 가설, 즉 '선도환가격은 미래기대현물가격과 같다'는 가설은 대부분의 실증분석에서 기각되고 있다. 이에 따라 SEA에서는 선도환가격이 미래에 대한 기대치뿐만 아니라 위험프리미엄까지 함께 포함하고 있다는 새로운 가설을 설정하고 이에 대한 실증분석을 진행한다. 이 가설은 이론적 모형에서 출발한 것이 아니기 때문에, 특히 기대치와 위험프레미엄 모두가 측정 불가능하다는 점으로 인하여 실증분석상 많은 어려움을 겪게 된다. 이러한 어려움을 피하기 위하여 많은 연구에서는 이자율평가설을 이용하여 선도환가격에 포함된 위험프레미엄에 대해 추론 내지 그 행태를 설명하려고 한다. 이자율평가설을 이용하여 분석모형을 설정하고 실증분석을 하는 것은 몇가지 근본적인 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 먼저, 앞서 지적한 바와 같이 이자율평가설을 가정한다는 것은 SEA에서 주된 관심이 되는 미래예측이나 위험프레미엄과는 관계없이 선도가격이 결정 된다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 이자율평가설을 가정하여 설정된 분석모형은 선도환시장의 효율성이나 균형가격결정에 대한 시사점을 제공할 수 없다는 것을 의미한다. 즉, 가정한 시장효율성을 실증분석을 통하여 다시 검증하려는 것과 같다. 이러한 개념적 차원에서의 문제점 이외에도 실증분석에서의 추정상의 문제점 또한 존재한다. 대부분의 연구들이 현물자산의 균형가격결정모형에 이자율평가설을 추가로 결합하기 때문에 이러한 방법으로 설정한 분석모형은 그 기초가 되는 현물가격모형과는 달리 자의적 조작이 가능한 형태로 나타나며 이를 이용한 모수의 추정은 불필요한 편기(bias)를 가지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 실증분석상의 편기에 관한 문제점이 명확하고 구체적으로 나타나는 Mark(1985)의 실증연구를 재분석하고 실증자료를 통하여 위험회피도의 추정치에 편기가 발생하는 근본원인이 이자율평가설을 부적절하게 사용하는데 있다는 것을 확인 하고자 한다. 실증분석결과는 본문의 <표 1>에 제시되어 있으며 그 내용을 간략하게 요약하면 다음과 같다. (A) 실증분석모형 : 본 연구에서는 다기간 자산가격결정모형중에서 대표적인 Lucas (1978)모형을 직접 사용한다. $$1={\beta}\;E_t[\frac{U'(C_{t+1})\;P_t\;s_{t+1}}{U'(C_t)\;P_{t+1}\;s_t}]$$ (2) $U'(c_t)$와 $P_t$는 t시점에서의 소비에 대한 한계효용과 소비재의 가격을, $s_t$와 $f_t$는 외환의 현물과 선도가격을, $E_t$와 ${\beta}$는 조건부 기대치와 시간할인계수를 나타낸다. Mark는 위의 식 (2)를 이자율평가설과 결합한 다음의 모형 (4)를 사용한다. $$0=E_t[\frac{U'(C_{t+1})\;P_t\;(s_{t+1}-f_t)}{U'(C_t)\;P_{t+1}\;s_t}]$$ (4) (B) 실증분석의 결과 위험회피계수 ${\gamma}$의 추정치 : Mark의 경우에는 ${\gamma}$의 추정치의 값이 0에서 50.38까지 매우 큰 폭의 변화를 보이고 있다. 특히 비내구성제품의 소비량과 선도프레미엄을 사용한 경우 ${\gamma}$의 추정치의 값은 17.51로 비정상적으로 높게 나타난다. 반면에 본 연구에서는 추정치가 1.3으로 주식시장자료를 사용한 다른 연구결과와 비슷한 수준이다. ${\gamma}$추정치의 정확도 : Mark에서는 추정치의 표준오차가 최소 15.65에서 최대 42.43으로 매우 높은 반면 본 연구에서는 0.3에서 0.5수준으로 상대적으로 매우 정확한 추정 결과를 보여주고 있다. 모형의 정확도 : 모형 (4)에 대한 적합도 검증은 시용된 도구변수(instrumental variables)의 종류에 따라 크게 차이가 난다. 시차변수(lagged variables)를 사용하지 않고 현재소비와 선도프레미엄만을 사용할 경우 모형 (4)는 2.8% 또는 2.3% 유의수준에서 기각되는 반면 모형 (2)는 5% 유의수준에서 기각되지 않는다. 위와같은 실증분석의 결과는 앞서 논의한 바와 같이 이자율평가설을 사용하여 균형자산가격 결정모형을 변형시킴으로써 불필요한 편기를 발생시킨다는 것을 명확하게 보여주는 것이다.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.139-162
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• 1997

본 연구는 학교 교육과정 가운데 특히 수학과 교육과정에 초점을 맞추고, 미국과 한국을 중심으로 수학과 교육과정의 변화를 초래한 근본적인 원인을 분석하고, 두 나라의 중학교 수학과 교육과정의 체제와 내용을 비교해 보고자 시도하였다. 이러한 비교는 교육과정의 공통성과 차이성을 찾아서 한국 교육과정의 사회적 및 개인적 적합성을 평가하고, 이후 한국의 교육과정 개선을 위한 방안들을 모색하기 위한 것이다. 이미 미국의 경우 1980 년대 들어 서면서 정보화 사회에 적응할 수 있는 수학과 교육과정의 개발 작업에 노력해 왔으며, 한국도 1980 년대 후반부터 제 6 차 교육과정의 개발을 위한 연구를 시작하였다. 그 결과, 미국은 NCTM (미국 수학교사협회)을 중심으로 새로운 수학교육의 표준을 설정하고, 향후 수학교육이 지향할 방향과 전략을 설정한 바 있다. 또한 한국은 제 6 차 교육과정 개정 작업을 통하여 1992 년에 새로운 교육과정을 고시하였다. 물론 양국의 수학과 교육과정을 비교 분석하기 위해서는 그 범위와 대상을 폭 넓게 정할 수도 있겠지만, 본 연구에서는 분석의 대상을 최근 미국의 수학과 교육과정의 근간을 이루고 있는 NCTM 의 일련의 교육 표준화 관련 연구들과 한국의 제 6 차 교육과정에 나타난 수학과 교육과정으로 제한하였다. 본 연구에서는 양국의 수학교육을 이해하기 위하여 1) 양국의 수학과 교육과정에 나타난 수학교육의 일반적 성격, 기본 방향 교육 목표를 비교 분석하였고, 2) 양국의 중학교 수학 교육과정에 나타난 교육 내용을 비교해 보았다. 이를 위해서, 본 연구는 NCTM 의 교육과정 안에 명시된 중학교 과정의 수학과 교육 목표 및 내용을 준거로 하여 한국 교육과정의 관련 내용을 분석하고 비교학적으로 해석하는 방식을 취하였다. 물론 한 국가의 교육과정 체제를 목표 및 내용 요소의 비교만으로 파악할 수 없다고 본다. 향후 미국과 한국의 교육과정을 이해하기 위한 연구들은 내용의 조직, 방법, 평가, 그리고 운영계획 등에 관한 분석으로 확대되어 시도되어야 할 것으로 본다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.13-19
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• 2019

In order to register an application with Apple's App Store, it must pass a rigorous verification process through the Apple verification center. That's why spyware applications are difficult to get into the App Store. However, malicious code can also be executed through normal application vulnerabilities. To prevent such attacks, research is needed to detect and analyze early to patch potential vulnerabilities in applications. To prove a potential vulnerability, it is necessary to identify the root cause of the vulnerability and analyze the exploitability. A tool for analyzing iOS applications is the debugger named LLDB, which is built into Xcode, the development tool. There are various functions in the LLDB, and these functions are also available as APIs and are also available in Python. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to efficiently analyze potential vulnerabilities of iOS application by using LLDB API.