• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.108-117
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• 2015

This study was carried out to assess problems related to legislative regulations and guidelines concerning some biological assessment systems applied to stream corridor in Korea. We comparatively reviewed the law of stream corridors and the guidelines for master plan concerned, and the law of water quality and health assessment criteria for the aquatic ecosystem concerned. Stream environments were not managed effectively due to the absence of detail regulations and the criteria for stream assessment. A biological assessment system was not equivalently integrated within the management of water resources in process implementation of projects resulting from the dualistic management system for stream corridors in Korea. The current biological assessment system was reflected to mainly physical habitats or only oriented to some aquatic species correlated with water quality. This system was also recognized as part of environment impact assessment based on an intensive survey method of most biological taxa. Conclusively rapid and quantitative assessment techniques based on advanced organisms, such as vegetation, fish and birds, etc. should be urgently provided for considering as representative indicators of stream conditions in Korea.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2013

The City Complex Development and TOD originated from the Compact City are entrenched domestically. The New Urban Development such as these changes Structure of Urban space from the Automobile to the Public Transportation. Also, Transit-Oriented Development is drawing attention as sustainability because it has effects of Environment as Green growth. However, An empirical Study is insufficient about Influence Factors of Transit Oriented Development. Therefore This study sets up the Density spaced 1000m apart of Transit Oriented than the existing and did 7 Types considered of Accessibility, Complexity and Design Element according to the Factorial analysis. As a result, this study drew that (1) 'intraregional accessibility of public transit', (2) 'degree of development', 'pedestrian-friendly facility', (3) 'interzonal accessibility of public transit', (4) 'land-use of the city centre', 'complex using of rail station area', 'complementary public transit' are related 201 in number of the Subway stations according to the Multi-dimensional scaling.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze non-invasive treatments and drooling assessment methods in children with cerebral palsy and developmental disabilities, who drool. Methods : This study searched two hundred papers published in 2005-2019. Forty-four papers were selected based on their abstract and title, and ten papers were finally selected following a secondary search. Results : The PEDro Scale of the selected papers was high with an average of seven points. As a result of analyzing the overall trends, the study participants were primarily patients with cerebral palsy, and recently, the therapeutic intervention of oral sensory exercise was more actively studied than behavioral modification. Studies of behavioral modification and oral sensory exercise intervention methods were found to have differences in participant age and, cognitive level, number of participants, research design, treatment time, and duration. Studies to confirming the frequency and severity of the drooling measurement method were found to be the main factor. Conclusion : This study analyzed typical behavioral modification and oral sensory exercise interventions as examples of non-invasive therapeutic interventions for children with cerebral palsy and developmental disabilities and provided information to help select appropriate therapeutic intervention methods when planning non-invasive therapy using behavioral modification and oral sensory exercise therapy.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2021

This study aims to explore the epistemic goals that pre-service elementary teachers can construct in their biology-related knowledge construction activities, how these goals are constructed, and how the shaping of the knowledge construction activities around the goals was afforded or constrained. The research participants were 26 pre-service teachers, divided into 11 groups of two or three to engage in the activity. Their discussions and products were collected and used as data for this study. The analysis revealed that the teachers constructed three types of epistemic goals: making sense of natural phenomena, proposing the most effective course of action, and proposing solutions to problems based on their causes. Construction of different types of goals depended on the conclusions the pre-service teachers expected to draw based on the explored natural phenomena. It was found that the elicitation of the pre-service teachers' epistemic goals could facilitate their shaping of the knowledge construction activity as an evidence-based justification. The participants planned the construction of mechanistic explanations of natural phenomena with the epistemic goals of 'making sense of natural phenomena' or 'proposing solutions to problems based on their causes.' However, enacting their knowledge construction plans with sophisticated epistemic features was constrained due to the limited resources available. This study can contribute to developing instructional strategies that facilitate learners' epistemic agency and addressing epistemic agency in the development of pre-service teacher education methods.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.763-780
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine whether middle-aged people's anxiety about economic well-being in old age affects problem drinking and to verify whether there is relationship between anxiety about economic well-being in old age and to examine the problem drinking could be mitigated by social supports. We used the 2015 Korean Adults' Psycho-Social Anxiety Survey data. To detect the moderating effect of social supports, we employed a method of hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The result of the study showed that the higher the anxiety about economic well-being in old age among middle-aged adults, the higher was the likelihood of problem drinking. Moreover, the relationship between anxiety about economic well-being in old age and problem drinking could be moderated by social supports. Based on the empirical findings, this study suggests that education to deal with middle-aged people's anxiety about economic well-being in old age should be developed and recommends that counseling and community programs for social supports to be implemented as a preventive approach.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.23-48
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• 2024

Building human-aligned artificial intelligence (AI) for social support remains challenging despite the advancement of Large Language Models. We present a novel method, the Chain of Empathy (CoE) prompting, that utilizes insights from psychotherapy to induce LLMs to reason about human emotional states. This method is inspired by various psychotherapy approaches-Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Person-Centered Therapy (PCT), and Reality Therapy (RT)-each leading to different patterns of interpreting clients' mental states. LLMs without CoE reasoning generated predominantly exploratory responses. However, when LLMs used CoE reasoning, we found a more comprehensive range of empathic responses aligned with each psychotherapy model's different reasoning patterns. For empathic expression classification, the CBT-based CoE resulted in the most balanced classification of empathic expression labels and the text generation of empathic responses. However, regarding emotion reasoning, other approaches like DBT and PCT showed higher performance in emotion reaction classification. We further conducted qualitative analysis and alignment scoring of each prompt-generated output. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the emotional context and how it affects human-AI communication. Our research contributes to understanding how psychotherapy models can be incorporated into LLMs, facilitating the development of context-aware, safe, and empathically responsive AI.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1148-1153
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• 2005

하수관거는 국민의 정맥이라고 할 수 있을 정도로 도시의 환경관리와 치수, 쾌적한 환경조성에 있어서 매우 중요한 시설이며 그 규모가 광범위하고 복잡한 네트워크로 구성되어 있다. 이러한 하수관망을 통해 이송되는 물은 지저분하고 냄새가 심하기 때문에 지하에 관의 형태로 대부분 시공되어 왔으며, 상수관망처럼 압력관이 아니라 대부분 중력에 의한 이송방식을 채택하고 있어 문제 발생 시 원인파악과 대처를 힘들게 하는 요인을 가지고 있다. 특히 하수관거의 관리 소홀은 곧바로 토양오염과 인근 환경오염으로 직결되며 장기적으로는 상수를 오염시키는 요인으로 작용하므로 체계적인 방법과 장기적인 안목을 가지고 명확한 분석을 시행할 수 있는 시스템을 가지고 최적으로 유지관리 되어야 한다. 최근 들어 이러한 하수도 시설을 효율적으로 관리 및 개선하기 위해 대도시를 중심으로 근거 조사와 정비 사업이 활발히 시행되고 있다. 그러나, 사업효과를 검증하거나 관로의 유지관리를 위하여 국내 실정에 맞지 않는 외국하수관망 흐름 해석 프로그램을 그대로 사용하고 있고 정확한 해석이 이루어지지 않고 있어 효율적인 유지관리가 어렵다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 하수관망해석이나 하수관망 정비시 필요한 불명수산정이 가능하고 국내실정에 맞는 프로그램 개발이 시급한 실정이며, 아울러 프로그램을 효율적 운영하고 관리하는 제어관리 기술을 개발, 진행하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 개발된 프로그램의 부정류 해석 기능을 활용하여 대상구역의 해석을 실시하여 기존분석방법의 I/I결과와 비교하였으며 최적관리를 위한 방안을 제시하였다.준편차가 증가하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 상용 CFD모형인 FLOW-3D를 계획 중인 하수처리장의 침전지 유입부 설계에 적용하였으며 저류벽의 위치와 폭, 유공정류벽의 유공율에 따른 유입하수의 분배효과를 분석하였다. 실험을 수행하여 보다 정밀한 공식으로 개선할 수 있었다.$10,924m^3/s$ 및 $10,075m^3/s$로서 실험 I의 $2,757m^3/s$에 비해 통수능이 많이 개선되었음을 알 수 있다.함을 알 수 있다. 상수관로 설계 기준에서는 관로내 수압을 $1.5\~4.0kg/cm^2$으로 나타내고 있는데 $6kg/cm^2$보다 과수압을 나타내는 경우가 $100\%$로 밸브를 개방하였을 때보다 $60\%,\;80\%$ 개방하였을 때가 더 빈번히 발생하고 있으므로 대상지역의 밸브 개폐는 $100\%$ 개방하는 것이 선계기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐에 따른 수압 변화를 모의한 결과 밸브 개폐도를 적절히 유지하여 필요수량의 확보 및 누수방지대책에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.8R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는

• Water for future
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 1993

This study is to determine the critical duration of design rainfall and to utilize it for the design of detention pond with pump station. To examine the effect of the duration and temporal distribution of the design rainfall, Huff's quartile method is used for the 9 cases of durations ranging from 20 to 240 minutes with 10 years return period, and the ILLUDAS model is used for runoff analysis. The storage ration which is the ratio of maximum storage amounts to total runoff volume, is introduced to determine the critical duration of design rainfall. The duration which maximizes the storage ratio is adopted as the critical duration. This study is applied to 18 urban drainage watersheds with pump station in Seoul, of which the range of watershed area is $0.24-12.70\textrm{km}^2.$ The result of simulation shows that the duration which maximizes storage ration is 30 and 60 minutes on the whole. It is shown also that the storage ration of 2nd- and 3rd-quartile pattern is larger than that of 1st- and 4th-quartile pattern of temporal distribution. A simplified empirical formula for Seoul area is suggested by using the regression analysis between the maximum storage ration and the peak ratio, and can be utilized for the preliminary design and planning of detention pond with pump station.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.5-25
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• 2016

This study attempts to suggest an improvement plan of the currently prescribed record classification standard table as the guidance to select and assess the public records of local governments. For this purpose, this study utilized the methodologies of literature review, survey, and experts' assessments. It investigated the current situation on unit tasks and preservation periods targeting major functions of 'construction and architecture' in the record management standard table in the 9 provinces, and it also deduced the characteristics and problems of unit task and preservation period by comparing and analyzing the unit task and preservation period utilized in more than 3 provinces. Based on the results from the analysis on the current situation and comparison, this study deduced the new unit tasks and preservation periods. And the evaluation targeting practitioners and expertise was conducted, and then the revised design plan was finally presented 4 medium- function items, 18 small - function items operated in more than 4 provinces, 47 unit task items, which led to the total 69 items. This study can be utilized as a guidance for establishing the record management standard table based on the uniqueness and originality of public record of local governments and the task function and organization of institutions in the future.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.99-132
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• 2007

As customer management rises by important issue in electronic commerce, virtue study about CRM have proceeded much. However, because existent researches were positive researches of most statistical base, There are some limitation that does not show dynamic change with CRM flow by flowing of time, and can not forecast propriety and future result about CRM strategy. Therefore, in order to overcome existent limitation on these CRM study, this study designed dynamic model which draws factors that compose CRM strategy of on-line shopping mall, and do based on technique in system dynamics so that can analyze dynamic change between these factors. Concretely, atomized customer focuses in the on-line shopping mall and does based on Permission marketing theory, and applied CRM of different level to atomized customers and know change of customer satisfaction measurement and discomfort degree accordingly. According to the result of Simulation practice, situation that achieve CRM strategy of different level by atomize customer more increase the customer satisfaction than situation that is not so. Dynamic pattern that presented in this study is expected that can verify validity about CRM achievement strategy of different level at each CRM point of contact & how Internet enterprise including on-line shopping mall is establishing CRM strategy reasonably.