• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-178
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• 2014

Following research proposes "Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa)" which is a security system that aims to provide a multi-device platform for the deployment of services that require a strong security protocol, both for the access & authentication and execution of its applications and focuses on analyzing Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service by comparing with other similar cases. At the present day, the appearance of new ICT, the diffusion of new user devices (such as smartphones, tablet PC, and so on) and the growth of internet penetration rate are creating many world-shaking services yet in the most of these applications' private information has to be shared, which means that security breaches and illegal access to that information are real threats that have to be solved. Also mobile payment service is, one of the innovative services, has same issues which are real threats for users because mobile payment service sometimes requires user identification, an authentication procedure and confidential data sharing. Thus, an extra layer of security is needed in their communication and execution protocols. The Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa), concept is a holistic approach and centralized management for a security system that pursues to provide a ubiquitous multi-device platform for the arrangement of mobile payment services that demand a powerful security protocol, both for the access & authentication and execution of its applications. In this sense, Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) offers full interoperability and full access from any user device without any loss of security. The concept prevents possible attacks by third parties, guaranteeing the confidentiality of personal data, bank accounts or private financial information. The Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) concept is split in two different phases: the execution of the user authentication protocol on the user device and the cloud architecture that executes the secure application. Thus, the secure service access is guaranteed at anytime, anywhere and through any device supporting previously required security mechanisms. The security level is improved by using virtualization technology in the cloud. This virtualization technology is used terminal virtualization to virtualize smart card hardware and thrive to manage virtualized smart cards as a whole, through mobile cloud technology in Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service. This entire process is referred to as Smart Card as a Service (SCaaS). Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service virtualizes smart card, which is used as payment mean, and loads it in to the mobile cloud. Authentication takes place through application and helps log on to mobile cloud and chooses one of virtualized smart card as a payment method. To decide the scope of the research, which is comparing Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service with other similar cases, we categorized the prior researches' mobile payment service groups into distinct feature and service type. Both groups store credit card's data in the mobile device and settle the payment process at the offline market. By the location where the electronic financial transaction information (data) is stored, the groups can be categorized into two main service types. First is "App Method" which loads the data in the server connected to the application. Second "Mobile Card Method" stores its data in the Integrated Circuit (IC) chip, which holds financial transaction data, which is inbuilt in the mobile device secure element (SE). Through prior researches on accept factors of mobile payment service and its market environment, we came up with six key factors of comparative analysis which are economic, generality, security, convenience(ease of use), applicability and efficiency. Within the chosen group, we compared and analyzed the selected cases and Virtualization of Smart Cards (ViSCa) platform-based mobile payment service.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.555-564
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• 2013

Innovative evolution in mobile devices along with recent spread of Tablet PCs and Smart Phones makes a new change not only in individual life but also in enterprise applications. Especially, in the case of medium-large mobile applications for large enterprises which generally takes more than 3 months of development periods, importance and complexity increase significantly. Generally Agile-methodology is used for a development process for the medium-large scale mobile applications, but some issues arise such as high dependency on skilled developers and lack of detail development directives. In this paper, S-MADP (Smart Mobile Application Development Process) is proposed to mitigate these issues. S-MADP is a service oriented development process extending a object-oriented development process, for medium-large scale mobile applications. S-MADP provides detail development directives for each activities during the entire process for defining services as server-based or client-based and providing the way of reuse of services. Also, in order to support various user interfaces, S-MADP provides detail UI development directives. To evaluate the performance of S-MADP, three mobile application development projects were conducted and the results were analyzed. The projects are 'TBS(TB Mobile Service) 3.0' in TB company, mobile app-store in TS company, and mobile groupware in TG group. As a result of the projects, S-MADP accounts for more detailed design information about 'Minimizing the use of resources', 'Service-based designing' and 'User interface optimized for mobile devices' which are needed to be largely considered for mobile application development environment when we compare with existing Agile-methodology. Therefore, it improves the usability, maintainability, efficiency of developed mobile applications. Through field tests, it is observed that S-MADP outperforms about 25% than a Agile-methodology in the aspect of the required man-month for developing a medium-large mobile application.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5350-5355
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• 2012

Human tyrosinase (hTyr) catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of a skin color determinant, melanin. Although a number of cosmetic companies have tried to develop hTyr inhibitors for several decades, absence of 3D structure of hTyr make it impossible to design or screen inhibitors by structure-based approach. Therefore, we built a 3D structure by comparative modeling technique based on the crystal structure of tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium to provide structural information and to search new hit compounds from database. Our model revealed that two copper atoms of active site located deep inside and were coordinated with six strictly conserved histidine residues coming from four-helix-bundle. Substrate binding site had narrow funnel like shape and its entrance was wide and exposed to solvent. In addition, hTyr-tyrosine and hTyr-kojic acid, a well-known inhibitor, complexes were modeled with the guide of solvent accessible surface generated by in-house software. Our model demonstrated that only phenol group or its analogs could fill the binding site near the nuclear copper center, because inside of binding site had narrow shape relatively. In conclusion, the results of this study may provide helpful information for designing and screening new anti-melanogenic agents.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1063-1076
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• 2017

To improve the productivity of the earthwork, a fleet management system for construction equipment was suggested in previous studies. But there were some gaps between theory and practice. To overcome this problem, some opinions are gathered form experts and field engineers and four improvements have been proposed and reflected in the system. First, the previous system consists of one hardware module, so it is hard to install it at a control office and construction equipment at the same time. The server module for the office and the mobile module for construction equipment are separately developed. Second, the transportation algorithm that is used in the previous system can generate shortest paths for the earthwork distribution, but embankment areas are not gathered. This situation leads to a decrease in compaction productivity. A modified algorithm for earthwork distribution is suggested. Third, the automated coordinate transformation is performed to show the position of construction equipment on the 3D terrain in real-time. Fourth, construction equipment groups should be formed in the initial stage of earthwork and the number of equipment of each groups should be changed by operation status and site environment. But this functions did not work properly in the previous system. This problem is corrected in the proposed system. The improvements can make the proposed system much more realistic one and can leads to an increase in the productivity of earthwork operations.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2000

The maturation of the Web technology has reshaped the ways in which data are accessed, disseminated, and shared. Thanks to its popularity along with the advance of spatial information technology, four major changes have been further made in traditional geographic information systems (GIS) in relation to access to data, distribution of data, access to GIS functionality, and visualization of multimedia data. Although access to and dissemination of spatial data over the Web has in recent years been addressed in the literature, little research effort has addressed the issue of access to and processing of GIS analysis functions over the Web. This research explores the potential use of Web-based GIS in improving accessibility to distributed spatial data and spatial modeling tools. A prototype Web-based GIS developed in this study focuses on Web-based location-allocation modeling for spatial decision support, and employs a hybrid approach that uses the Arc/Info software as a GIS server and CGM viewer as a client-side plug-in. This research shows that Web-based GIS is a useful vehicle in conducting spatial modeling in the particular user community. In addition, this study represents the possibility of Web-based GIS in developing open spatial decision supporting systems.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.113-129
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• 2009

Abstract Corporate activities are composed of numerous working processes and during the working flow, various business processes are being created and completed simultaneously. Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) makes the working process simple, yet creates more complicated work structure and therefore, there is an absolute need of efficient management for business processes. The workflow literature has been looking for efficient and effective ways of rediscovering and mining workflow intelligence and knowledge from their enactment histories and event logs. As part of studies to analyze and improve the process, the concepts of 'Process Mining', 'Process re-discovery', 'BPR (Business Process Reengineering)' have appeared and the studies for practical implementation are proactively being done. However, these studies normally follow the approach throughout data warehousing for log data of process instances. It is very hard for these approaches to reflect user's intention to the rediscovering and mining activities. The process instances designed based on the consideration of analysis can make groupings effectively and when the analysis demand of user changes within the analysis domain can also reduce the cost of analysis. Therefore, the thesis proposes a special type of workflow model, which is called a colored workflow model, that is extended from the ICN (information control net) modeling methodology by reinforcing the concept of colored token. The colored tokens represent the conceptual types of constraints and criteria that can be used to classifying and grouping the workflow intelligence and knowledge extracted from the corresponding workflow models' enactment histories and event logs. Through the runtime information of process instances, it makes possible to analyze proactive and user-oriented process with the goal of deriving business knowledge from the beginning of process definition.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2011

As a rapid rate of social change and competitive, paradigm of industry environment manufacturing products and services is shifted. Engineers design, develop, manufacture the products and services are strongly asked competency of different new creative practices. This means while industrial structure has been shifted from mass production to various allied production and social engineering based production, qualifications of engineers are required to individual creative competency as alternatives. In order to improve the competency, engineer become the creative people have ability to develop the professional knowledge competency and expand the competency to convergence the new product and services with sensing the life and social structure shift, human engineering, psychology, and emotion. For the competency, we develop the training program "improving convergence, creativity through Art." we intend that the program should be composed of creative engineering mechanism combined creative arts mechanism. It has been operated to the engineers for 17 weeks. we will discuss the program result and research direction and utilization in depth.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2011

To prevent cardiac diseases, quantifying cardiac function is important in routine clinical practice by analyzing blood volume and ejection fraction. These works have been manually performed and hence it requires computational costs and varies depending on the operator. In this paper, an automatic left ventricle segmentation algorithm is presented to segment left ventricle on cardiac magnetic resonance images. After coil sensitivity of MRI images is compensated, a K-mean clustering scheme is applied to segment blood area. A graph searching scheme is employed to correct the segmentation error from coil distortions and noises. Using cardiac MRI images from 38 subjects, the presented algorithm is performed to calculate blood volume and ejection fraction and compared with those of manual contouring by experts and GE MASS software. Based on the results, the presented algorithm achieves the average accuracy of 6.2mL${\pm}$5.6, 2.9mL${\pm}$3.0 and 2.1%${\pm}$1.5 in diastolic phase, systolic phase and ejection fraction, respectively. Moreover, the presented algorithm minimizes user intervention rates which was critical to automatize algorithms in previous researches.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.40
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• pp.423-442
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• 2015

In a digital environment that is keep in change content from smart phones to tablet PC are a social network service is holding deep place in our lives. Social networking applications has building a network and communication with others than other application, it means that Social networking applications are sharing not only personal purpose in that trend of variety and competition of these social networks can be expected to trend and be developed thru analysis of user certification. this study of social network service application is proposed to developing of application thru analyze the two-effective application which is high ranked in google store. the theoretical foundation was set based on the seven elements of the social network service of the information structures designed by Jean Smith. This study proceeded analysis is for the functional elements of Facebook and Instagram, and the advantages and disadvantages through survey research. As a result of the empirical analysis to user of Instagram and face book of communication, identity, satisfaction for the group are equally. Instagram is about the presence, reputation, and Facebook has had a high level of satisfaction for each sharing and relationship. Facebook got high satisfaction from sharing features, but user feel of discomfort in the randomly showing advertising content. Instagram is not showing off advertise on common page of content, it is good point to be complementary to facebook. And, Instagram hashtag is good for convenience, but satisfaction is high with Facebook. in order to increase the satisfaction of Instagram, it is necessary to consider the main advantage of the communication and the functional aspects of the share from facebook.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

This paper presents a novel pneumatic tactile display that can deliver some useful information. The air-jet display forms 5 by 5 arrays and features air nozzles with an external diameter of 2.4mm and internal diameter of 1.5 mm. In comparison with other tactile displays such as vibrotactile, there is little concrete psychophysical data relating to pneumatic displays, a fact which hinders their adoption. This paper addresses this challenge, and presents brief psychophysical studies examining localization rate, the two point threshold, stimulus intensity and the temporal threshold of cues produced by pneumatic air jets. Two groups of subjects were used in these studies, subsequently termed groups A and B. Both were comprised of eight participants. In the case of localization study we obtained 58.13% and 85.9% of localization rates each for dense display and sparse display. Two-points threshold test showed the length of gap between two air-jet stimuli which subjects can detect. However, it was formidable to find out precise temporal resolution of PTI owing to the limitation of capability of the pneumatic valves. Lastly, the results of stimulus intensity study suggest that by varying the size of a pneumatically created tactile stimulus, we can effectively vary its perceived magnitude.