• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 1973

It is well known that lactobacillus products are a living bacterial preparation, which acts as the antibacterial and antidiarrhea agents. Beause of the specificity as the living bacterial preparation, this preparation should be remarkably considered to the stabilities in its manufacturing process and storage more than any others. In this report, it has been considered about its stabilities as the following items. 1) Selection of strains. 2) Control of seed strains. 3) Cultivation and its conditions. 4) Dry of microorganisms. 5) Manufacture of products. 6) Products storage. 7) Concerning to administration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.287-288
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• 2003

경편성 분야는 생산 특성상 소재 원사가 균제하고 강도가 높아야 하므로 주로 사용할 수 있는 원사가 폴리에스테르, 나일론 등의 합섬 필라멘트사에만 주로 한정되어, 새로운 소재를 찾기 위해 노력 해왔다. 그러므로 경편성은 PTT 원사를 대량으로 소비할 수 있는 잠재적인 가장 큰 시장이다. 그러나 PTT를 경편성의 소재로 사용하여 새로운 수요를 창출하기 위해서는 PTT 경편성물과 기존 합성 필라멘트를 소재로 한 경편성물의 물성과 태의 차이가 우선 파악되어야 하며, 정경, 편성 및 형태안정 과정(relaxation)에 관한 연구도 진행하여 새로운 소재에 알맞은 공정 조건이 설정되도록 해야 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.965-968
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• 2005

Roll drafting operation causes variations in the linear density of bundles because the bundle flow cannot be controlled completely by roll pairs. Defects occurring in this operation bring about many problems successively in the next processes. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the draft dynamics and the linear density irregularity based on the governing equation of a bundle motion that has been suggested in our previous studies. For analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the roll drafting operation, it is indispensable to investigate a transient state in time domain before the bundle flux reaches a steady state. However, since governing equations of bundle flow consisting of continuity and motion equations turn out to be nonlinear, and coupled between variables, the solutions for a transient state cannot be obtained by an analytical method. Therefore, we use the Finite Difference Method(FDM), particularly, the FTBS(Forward-Time Backward-Space) difference method. Then, the total equations system yields to an algebraic equations system and is solved under given initial and boundary conditions in an iterative fashion. From the simulation results, we confirm that state variables show different behavior in the transient state; e.g., the velocity distribution in the flow field changes more quickly the linear density distribution. During a transient flow in a drafting zone, the output irregularity is influenced differently by the disturbances, e.g., the variation in input bundle thickness, the drafting speed, and the draft ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

Nowadays the soccer becomes one of the best spot lighting sports in the world Especially the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup was deeply impressed on all the korean. One goal of illuminating engineering should be the design of lighting system that can provide consistently high task visibility regardless of where a task might be located within a working space. The television broadcasting on the soccer has been an important role in the media. The standard of FIFA(The Federation Internationale do Football Association) requires recommended illuminance levels for artificial lighting for a player, an audience, TV broadcasting, as well as everybody in the stadium. This paper has proposed an algerian to select the suboptimal lighting tower position for watching and TV broadcasting a soccer game within a pleasant environment and an optimum illuminance distribution. The position using the software Philip's Calculux was chosen based an the calculations of a horizontal illuminance, vertical illuminance, uniformity, glare, and so on by changing lighting tower positions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

As we know, topography of korea is composed of many mountains. Also, the volume of traffic is increasing more and more nowadays. So, many tunnels are being constructed to reduce cost of transport and time. Thus, tunnel illumination was considered as the most important thing to make safe traffic conditions. In the past, we installed luminaires on the wall in tunnel, but currently we are installing those on the ceiling. Wherever luminaires are installed on the ceiling, the electric designer may not have known the proper point to install luminaires. Therefore, we researched this project to resolve above problems with abundant experience and accurate data through simulation(Lightscape program). As a result of research, mounting luminaires on the ceiling are better than wall because uniformity is more regular and utilization factor is also higher and then brightness is adequate as well, whereby installation on the ceiling is economical. Therefore, it is suitable that luminaires are installed on the ceiling in tunnel than wall.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

This study investigated the actual conditions of the illumination environment from agricultural youth study room. The result, average space of the study room was 11.42[$m^2$]. The illuminant uses the fluorescent lamp mainly, Method of using illumination was only general illumination the case which uses 73.8[%]. Method of light distribution was a direct lighting mainly. The house which has a stand illumination was also 45.7[%], The percentage using the stand illumination which was a local illumination was nothing but in 20[%] of the whole subject of investigation, therefore eye work could not effective. The internal illuminance was average 131.82[lx], the desk illuminance was 253.64[lx] which was the minimum permitted limit and poor. Uniformity ratio of illuminance appeared with average 35.61[%]. The satisfaction with 3.93 points to be high for illumination environment, therefore it was thought that the recognition of illumination was very insufficient.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.48-53
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• 1996

In this paper, the illuminance of elementary, junior, and senior high school in Inchon was measured and analyzed to investigate their night illuminating circumstances(classrooms, science rooms, and laboratories). More than four schools were selected based on the years elapsed(l0, 20, and 30 years, etc) since the opening of the schools. It was shown that the average illuminance for the classroom and that for science room and laboratory have been improved significantly such that the former was 235.6[lx] (260[lx] for senior high school, 208[lx] for junior high school, 203[lx]) for elementary school) and the latter was 233.7[lx](248.8[lx] for senior high school, 216.4[lx] for junior high school, 207.8[lx] for elementary school). The uniformity of the illuminance was exceedingly worse than the recommended one(the average value for the classroom and that for sciense room and laboratory were 0.95 and 1.08, respectively). It was found that the maximum to minimum illuminance ratio with respect to illumination derivative(7.9 for classroom, 6.8 for scienceroom or laboratory) was very high for most school buildings and was much higher for the old ones. From the measured results, it was shown that the illuminance for the school buildings needs to be improved with regard to quality.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-34
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• 2002

This paper investigates the effects of hours reduction on growth, investment, and consumption as well as employment. We adopt the basic framework of the indivisibility of labor developed by Hansen (1985) and Rogerson (1988) and extend it by allowing heterogeneity of workers in productive efficiency. On the basis of monthly panel data constructed from Economically Active Population Surveys and Household Income and Expenditure Surveys, we estimate the value of productive efficiency parameter of newly hired workers relative to existing workers by considering differences between the two groups in unobservable as well as observable worker characteristics. Numerical simulation of steady states demonstrates that reduction of statutory weekly hours from 44 to 40 leads to a rise in employees by 4.9 percent. However, GNP, investment, and consumption are all reduced by 2.03 percent, which is attributed to reduction in the amount of effective labor input, which in turn comes from reduction of actual average hours and productivity differences between exiting and newly hired workers.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2013

Candida infection of knee joint is very rare. Diagnosis of Candida infection is difficult due to lack of obvious clinical symptoms. Candida albicans is the most common strain in Candida infection of knee joint, but Candida pelliculosa has been rarely reported. We report a case of Candida pelliculosa infection of knee after intra-articular steroid injection, which was treated successfully by repeated arthroscopic debridement and irrigations and arthroscopic implantation with antifungal agent-impregnated cement bead spacer.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

Current Architectural Facade Designs have been trending to increased glass areas resulting in increasing impact on interior lighting and daylighting. In regards to indoor environmental quality, the increase in window space has a large impact on the daylighting received which ultimately impacts the liveability of a space. Especially when considering seasons, in the summer, excessive daylighting can result in glare as well as put an increased load in conditioning the air space further reducing energy efficiency. As a result, in order to improve the sustainability performance of a building, it is important to limit the natural lighting exposure to properly meet the needs and conditions of the building occupants. One of the most representative features to limit excessive sunlight exposure, is to incorporate operable blind systems. To this end, this research has been based on simulations performance through the Radiance Program. Radiance is capable of analyzing performance of daylight and impact of sunlight. Through analysis of different slat angles and blind shapes, impact and minimization of energy usage was evaluated. Furthermore, seasonal analysis was performed in order to understand the effects of seasonal climate factors. Ultimately this research provides an analysis of operable blinds optimization and effects of blind shape, control factors and angle of shading.