• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.681-685
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• 1992

Low molecular weight RNA(LMW RNA : 5S rRNA and tRNAs, <150 nucleotides) profiles of several bacteriocin production lactic acid bacteria from pig meats and reference lactic acid bacteria were generated on 10% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Data evaluation including three molecular weight markers enabled the calculation of relative nucleotide units(RNU) for every band. Gels profiles and RNU evaluations were effective for identification of lactic acid bacteria species. LMW RNA profiles of lactic acid bacteria showed no variation in dependence on APT(All Purpose Tryptone Broth), TSB(Tryptic Soy Broth), MRS(Lactobacilli MRS Broth) different cultural medium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.256-256
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• 2010

최근 반도체 공정을 위한 증착이나 식각장비에 있어서 웨이퍼 크기의 증가는 새로운 연구 분야를 발생시켰다. 웨이퍼의 크기가 200 mm에서 300 mm, 450 mm로 커지지만, 같은 특성 혹은 더 좋은 특성을 필요로 하는 플라즈마를 이용하는 진공장비의 기하적 구조는 비례적으로 증가하지 않는다. 이런 이유로 450 mm의 웨이퍼 공정용 장비의 제작에 있어서 진공 부품과 플라즈마 발생 소스는 더 이상 시행착오로 실험하기에는 막대한 돈과 시간, 인력의 투자가 필요하기 때문에 불가능하게 되었다. 이런 시행착오를 줄이기 위함의 일환으로 본 연구에서는 450 mm 웨이퍼 공정용 장비의 챔버 구성에 따른 플라즈마 균일도를 수치 모델링으로 예측했다. 챔버를 구성함에 있어서 baffle의 형상과 위치, 배기 manifold에 따른 유동분포, 플라즈마 균일도를 위한 안테나의 구조 등 중요한 요소들이 많이 존재하지만, 일단 전체적인 챔버의 종횡비가 결정되어야 가능한 일들이다. 첫째, 기판홀더와 챔버 벽면 간의 거리, 기판홀더와 배기구까지의 거리, 기판과 소스와의 거리가 인입되는 가스 분포와 플라즈마 균일도에 가장 큰 영향을 끼칠 것으로 판단된다. 즉, 위의 세 가지 챔버 내부 구조물의 크기 비에 따라 기판 바로 위에서의 플라즈마 균일도가 가장 좋은 디자인을 최적화하는 것이 본 계산의 목적이다. 기판 표면에서의 플라즈마 밀도 균일도는 기판홀더와 벽면과의 거리, 기판과 소스와의 거리가 멀수록, 기판홀더와 배기구와의 거리가 짧을수록 좋아졌으며, 그림과 같이 안테나의 디자인이 4 turn으로 1층인 경우, 두 turn의 안테나만 사용하여 기판표면에서 20~30%의 플라즈마 균일도를 4.7%까지 낮출 수 있었다

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.497-505
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• 2021

Endophytic fungal strains were isolated from leaves, stems, and roots of Angelica gigas. The fungal strains were identified based on their morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). A total 35 species of endophytic fungi were identified. The diversity between the endophytic fungal communities differed depending on the tissues of A. gigas. The isolated endophytic fungi were screened for antifungal activity against a pathogenic fungus, Phoma sp. Y11, using a dual culture method. Fourteen species of endophytic fungi showed the standout inhibition effect against the Y11 strain. The results suggest that the endophytic fungi isolated from A. gigas could be used as a biological control agent against leaf spot disease of A. gigas.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2019

We investigated the biodiversity of endophytic fungi of Bolboschoenus planiculmis and Schoenoplectus triqueter in Korea. Twenty five of these host plants were collected from six sampling sites. Internal transcribed spacer analysis identified a total of eighty five isolates from the collected plants. The isolates comprised nineteen taxa; most of the isolates (92%) belonged to class Dothideomycetes, followed by Sordariomyetes (4.8%), Agaricomycetes (1.6%), and Eurotiomycetes (0.8%). The most prevalent fungus was Cladosporium perangustum in B. planiculmis and Macrospora scirpicola in S. triqueter. There are very few studies of endophytic fungi in halophytes and these have reported biodiversity patterns different from those of previous studies in Korea. Our results should provide useful information for future research in Korea.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.207-213
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• 2017

In order to accurately perform multispectral imaging using a multiplexed illumination, intensity of illumination in a scene must be uniform. For image acquisition that requires accurate color information, even if not multispectral imaging, the illumination information must be accurate, and a flat light source or illumination calibration is performed for accurate illumination characteristics. In this paper, we propose a method of color correction to uniformly illuminate an image with non-uniform illumination intensity. The proposed method uses multispectral imaging instead of illumination calibration for color correction. First of all, we perform multispectral imaging with two images obtained from non-uniformity illumination to acquire spectral reflectance. The obtained reflection spectrum is relit as the illumination characteristic of the image obtained from general planar light such as fluorescent light or sunlight. By comparing the image obtained by relighting with the uniformly illuminated image, the non-uniformity of the illumination is confirmed, and the color correction is performed as the image obtained from the uniform image. It is expected that the experimental results will confirm whether the non-uniformity of the illumination is uniformly corrected and reduce the restriction of illumination in obtaining the color information of the image.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2001

An isolate of the prospective hyperparasite, Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013 (AQ94013) was selected for the use of biological control of cucumber powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Examination for the parasitism processes by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy showed that conidia of AQ49013 germinated on conidia, conidiophores and hyphae of Sphaerotheca fuliginea four hours after inoculation. Appressorium-like structures were developed and attached to the hyphae of S. fuliginea seventeen hours after inoculation. Hyphae of AQ94013 penetrated into hyphae of S. fuliginea twenty-four hours after inoculation. Pycnidia of AQ94013 were produced in the hyphae and the basal part of conidiophores of S. fuliginea fourty four hours after inoculation. The pycnidia of AQ94013 matured foully eight hours after inoculation, and the conidia were discharged from the ostioles of the pycnidia fifty two hours after the inoculation. At the same time, hyphae and conidiophores of S. fuliginea were distorted and died. Also, concentrated culture filtrate and culture filtrate of AQ94013 had not suppressed the cucumber powdery mildew fungus as water treatment. Therefore, mode of action of AQ94013 was assumed to be parasitism on powdery mildew fungi.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.117-127
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• 1995

In this paper several methods for retriving appropriate values of effective soil moisture contents from natural soil surfaces are introduced and compared each other. The soil medium has usually a nonuniform moisture profile; i.e., relatively dry at the top layer and relatively wet at the bottom layer. The effective soil moisture represents the quantitative value of soil moisture of the inhomogeneous soil medium in an average sense. A simple method is an arithmetic averaging of soil moisture values obtained from several layers of a soil surface. Otherwise, the penetration depths can be computed from a homogeneous and an inhomogeneous soil surfaces and compared in order to obtain the effective soil mosture. The other method is to obtain the effective soil moisture by comparing the reflectivities from both of a homogeneous and an inhomogeneous surfaces. Those methods are compared and the reflectivity technique is examined in more detail since the rader scattering is dominated by the reflectivity instead of the penetration.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2013

This study was performed to identify the cheese starter potential of antifungal lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi. Eight fungi were isolated from cheese or the cheese ripening room, and identified as Penicillium and Cladosporium by ITS-5.8S rDNA analysis. Twenty-two lactic acid bacteria species with antifungal activity were isolated from Kimchi, and identified as Lactobacillus and Pediococcus by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Six lactic acid bacteria species were selected (L. sakei subsp. ALJ011, L. sakei subsp. ALI033, L. sakei subsp. ALGy039, P. pentosaceus ALJ015, P. pentosaceus ALJ024, and P. pentosaceus ALJ026) based on higher antifungal activity from the initial 22 species. Out of the six identified species, L. sakei subsp. ALI033 had the highest antifungal activity. For growth of the six lactic acid bacteria, optimal temperature and pH were $30{\sim}37^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively. Proteolytic activities of the six lactic acid bacteria were almost as strong as the commercial strain Str. thermophilus Body-1. Coagulative activities of L. sakei subsp. ALI033, P. pentosaceus ALJ015, and P. pentosaceus ALJ024 were higher than those of L. sakei subsp. ALJ011, L. sakei subsp. ALGy039, and P. pentosaceus ALJ026. The acid resistance of L. sakei subsp. was higher than that of P. pentosaceus. The major organic acid component of the lactic acid bacteria culture medium was lactic acid.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.203-207
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• 2015

The majority of food drying processes are based on the use of thermal energy. However, such methods may deteriorate the quality of the final product. Freeze-drying is one of the most useful processes for drying thermosensitive substances. Food that contains beneficial bacteria, for example, is susceptible to heat treatment, but during freeze-drying beneficial bacteria are preserved in these food items. The primary goals of this study were to develop yogurt snacks and to compare the viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in yogurt snacks under different freeze-drying temperatures. In addition, the survival of LAB during storage was investigated. Survival of LAB in freeze-dried yogurt snacks gradually decreased over 16 weeks of storage. LAB had a residual viability of 25.5% after 16 weeks of storage at room temperature. LAB survived better in freeze-dried plain yogurt snacks than in freeze-dried strawberry yogurt snacks during storage. Freeze-dried yogurt snacks contained 11.9% fat, 57.1% carbohydrate, and 18.7% protein. In conclusion, the viability of LAB in freeze-dried yogurt snacks depends on the temperature during freeze-drying: the higher the freeze-drying temperature, the lower the viability of LAB in yogurt snacks. The viability of LAB in yogurt snacks was also dependent on the moisture content and nutritional value.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2010

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most successful pathogens to infect one third of world population. Th1-mediated immunity against Mtb infection is known as critical to express mycobacteriostatic function but it is not sufficient to resolve the infection. In this study, to verify the possibility Mtb itself change the gene expression to survive against host immune response, expression pattern of selected H37Rv genes, 16S rRNA, acr, fbpA, aceA, and ahpC, during the course of infection was measured with absolute quantitation method using real-time RT-PCR. The total number of transcripts of 16S rRNA increased during the course of infection, which was coincide with the increasing CFU. The total number of fbpA transcripts per CFU, which encode typical secreted Mtb antigen, Ag85A, increased for 10 days of infection before decreasing. The number of transcripts of acr per CFU, which encode heat shock protein, ${\alpha}$-crystallin, increased during the infection, and ahpC and aceA, they both are enzymes produced in oxidative stressful condition, increased for 20 days and then slightly decreased on day 30. These findings are one of survival strategy of pathogen evading host immune response lead to persistent infection inside host cells.