• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.94-105
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• 1993

The genus Cordyceps known as an insect parasite forms a sclerotium in insect bodies and then produces perithecia on the single or multiple stromata produced from sclerotium. Collected Cordyceps were identified into 5 species: Cordyceps militaris, C. nutans, Cordyceps sphecocephala, Isaria japonica, and Torrubiella sp. The fruit bodies of Cordyceps in petri-dish cover were fixed by tape and put the lid on water agar plates to isolate these collected Cordyceps. The germinated spores were transferred from water agar to Potato dextrose agar(PDA) after six hours. Mycelial growth of C. nutans and C. militaris was the most successful on Hamada media and was also good on Complete media and PDA. Mannose as a carbon source was good for two species and Glutamic acid as a nitrogen source was satisfactory to C. militaris and Asparagine gave a good result to C. nutans. C. militaris and C. nutans showed similar mycelial growth rate on the media that contained thiamine-HCI, biotine or nicotinic acid as a vitamine. When conidia of C. nutans were inoculated to insects, mortality was high in Artogeia napi L, Hemiptera, Plutella xylostella and 50% in Orthoptera, 12% in Acantholyda posticalise M, but not Agelastica coerulea B. in Aphididae, C. nutans was collected from only Hemiptera in nature, but killing effect on other insects was proved. Mycelial growth and fruit-body formation were good on the media that consist of rice powder 5g, wheat flour 5g, water 100ml, but formed fruit-body was not complete stromata but a mass of conidia according to results of observing microscope.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2003

The pileus of Pleurotus cystidiosus was attached at the side and was spatular-shape. It grew to the size of $7.6{\sim}9.8\;cm$ with dark brown color. The length of stem was $1.4{\sim}2.9\;cm$. The individual weight of fruiting-body was 25.4 g in average. This study was conducted to Investigate the physiological characteristics and to develop the artificial cultivation technique of P. cystidiosus. To find out the optimum condition of mycelial growth of P. cystidiosus, physiological conditions such as media, temperature, pH carbon sources and nitrogen sources were investigated. Various cultural media were used for the cultivation of P. cystidiosus and compost dextrose agar was favorable for mycelial growth. The optimal growing temperature and pH were in range of 25 to $30^{\circ}C$, pH $7{\sim}9$, respectively. When different carbon sources were compared, glucose was found to be best. However nitrogen sources were different with each strains. When different C/N ratio were compared, 20:1 of C/N ratio was found to be best.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2004

The water soluble fractions(WSF) from Japanese larch wood were isolated, purified by anion exchange resin and Sephadex gel filtration and identified its chemical structure by means of periodate oxidation and methylation reactions. Its major components are arabinose and galactose (1 : 3.4). Based on the results of periodate oxidation, methylation and gas chromatographic analysis of purified WSF, main chain is composed of β-1,3-glycosidic linkage among D-galactopyranoses, and two different side chains; β-1,6-glycosidic linkage among 2-3 units of D-galactopyranoses and β-1,6-glycosidic linkage between 1-2 units of D-galactopyranose and L-arabinopyranose. Addition of WSF to culture media of oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes) accelerated the mycelial growth. In the case of PDA cultures, 2 percent addition of WSF in Sanlim No. 6 strain and 4 percent of WSF in Mok-H strain mostly enhanced the mycelial growth of the mushroom. In the case of sawdust cultures, 4 percent addition of WSF in two strains showed the best mycelial growth. High percentages addition of WSF inhibited mycelial growth of the mushroom. Mushroom production was increased with addition of WSF. By the addition of WSF, ergosterol contents in the media were quite high at the colonized stage and rapidly increased at the fruiting stage. Therefore the ergosterol content could be utilized as an indicator to evaluate the culture maturity for the mushroom fruiting.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2015

Newly, nutrients recovery by bioconversion in the swine waste which caused serious problems due to its high organic fraction and content of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen is viewed as a considerable approach since it produces valuable product as well as recycling of resources. Consequently, it is necessary to find new methods to treat swine waste. One possible solution to this problem is to use this potential pollutant as a growth substrate for economically valuable products. The study for the fundamental improvement of bioconversion efficiency by finding optimum growth conditions using statistical models and biotechnology was performed. A novel approach to utilize swine waste by cultivating mycelia of the mushroom Phellinus linteus are described. A central composite face-centered design (CCF) for the experiments was used to develop empirical model providing a quantitative interpretation of the relationships among the three variables, which were substrate concentration, pH, and temperature. The maximal radial extension rate (2.78mm/d) of P.linteus was determined under the condition of 5.0 g COD/L, pH 5.0, and temperature $29.7^{\circ}C$. The results of this study suggest that swine waste could be utilized as a growth substrate for the cultivation of mushroom mycelia enhancing an efficiency of utilizing this by-product of the livestock industry.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 1985

The effects of temperature. pH, carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani were studied by using five hyphal anastomosis groups(four cultural types, 7 isolates) of the fungus. The ranges of optimum temperature were $20^{\circ}C$ in the AG 2-1, AG 2-2 and AG 4, and $25^{\circ}C$ in the AG 1-IA, AG 1-IB, AG 3, AG 5. The optimum pH for the mycelial growth was 6-7 in the fungus. Glucose in the AG 1-lA, AG 1-IB, AG 2-2, AG 3 and AG 5, sucrose in the AG 2-1 and fructose in the AG 4 were the most effective for the mycelial growth, but glycerine, cellulose and lactose were not effectively utilized as nutrients. $Ca(NO_3)_2$ in the AG 1-IA, AG 1-IB and AG 4, asparagine in the AG 2-1, $KNO_3$ in the AG 2-2 and $NaNO_3$ in the AG 5 were the best nitrogen sources for the mycelial growth, but $NH_4NO_3$ was not easily utilized by the fungus. Nitrate and organic nitrogens for the fungal growth were utilized better than ammonium nitrogen.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.325-327
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• 2012

Experiments for growth inhibition of two different plant pathogenic fungal species, Alternaria alternata (KCTC26781) and Fusarium graminearum ZO3639 (type culture) and ASR1R1 (isolate from rice), by a chitinase (Chi2) expressed in the autolysing tissue of Coprinellus congregatus were carried out. In liquid media, Chi2 ($50{\mu}g/ml$) inhibited more than 90% of germination of A. alternata spore, and the growth of each fungal strain was totally inhibited by the addition of Chi2 at the concentrations of $70{\mu}g/ml$. When $6{\mu}g$ of Chi2 was added twice a day at the hyphal tip zone, both strains of F. graminearum showed growth inhibition as well as decreased hyphal branching.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2003

For the purpose of utilizing cellulose resources by cellulolytic enzymes of Roseofomes subflexibilis, it's cultural conditions for the production of cellulolytic enzymes in synthetic media were investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows : The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme production were $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0, respectively. Among the carbon sources, glucose was good for the production of cellulase. The optimum concentration of saccharose as 1.2%. As a organic nitrogen source, yeast extract was good for the mycelial growth. The optimum concentration of yeast extract as 1.5%. As a inorganic nitrogen source, $NH_{4}H_{2}PO_{4}$ was good for the mycelial growth. The optimum concentration of $NH_{4}H_{2}PO_{4}$ were 1.1%. The mineral salt of $Al_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}$ was effective and the optimum concentration was 0.1 M.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.193-199
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• 2009

The culture condition of unrecorded species L. aciculospora, L. boryana and L. raphanica was investigated with recorded species of L. edodes as the control group in order to analyze diversity and examed relations of the species belong to Lentinula. The optimal temperature and media for the mycelial growth of L. aciculospora and L. boryana were $22^{\circ}C$ and PDA, MCM medium. L. raphanica was $28^{\circ}C$ and ME1 medium. Each of L. aciculospora, L. boryana, L. raphanica is pH 6, pH 7, pH 5 in the optimal pH respectvely. The optimal carbon and nitrogen source of L. aciculospora were glucose and malt extract. That of L. boryana was glucose and urea that of L. raphanica was sucrose and potassium nitrate. The optimal vitamin of L. aciculospora was Myo-inositol. That of L. boryana and L. raphanica were Riboflabin.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

Analysis of genetic characteristics of Flammulina velutipes showed that strains have a range of 85% in genetic distribution diagram. According to this result, we divided these strains into five groups. In experiment of determinating the optimum media and condition in cultivating F. velutipes, we found the optimum temperature and pH range for hypha growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and 6.0 to 7.0, respectively. in addition, the best media for growth of that in plate was MCM (Mushroom Complete Media) which have a growth length from 68 to 83 mm. In vivo test, we observed that fast growth and good density of hyphae in mixture media of douglas fir sawdust, cotton seed meal and beet pulp (6:2:2 V/V). Also when we cultivated F. velutipes in this media, we harvested high yield of fruiting body.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2004

Cordyceps pruinosa grows upon dead pupae of Lepidoptera and produces one or $3{\sim}4$ club-shaped stromata per host. The stromata have distinct club-shaped head and long stalk. The length of stromata varies from $1{\sim}3\;cm$. Apical head consists of densely crowded semi-immersed perithecia, which are $360{\sim}400\;{\times}\;180{\sim}200\;{\mu}m$ in size. Asci are $150\;{\mu}m$ in length and $2.8{\sim}3\;{\mu}m$ in diameter. Ascospores, which are $124{\sim}141\;{\mu}m$ in length, have thin thread-like structures in the middle with part-spores attached on both sides. Each ascospore does not separate into part-spores after dispersal, but each part-spore germinates and together develops a colony. The imperfect form produces phialides of $15{\sim}24\;{\times}\;2{\sim}3\;{\mu}m$ size, with spherical or spindle shaped conidia of $4{\sim}6\;{\times}\;1.8{\sim}2.4\;{\mu}m$ size, The anamorph was identified as Mariannaea elegans Samson. YMA and SDAY agar media with pH 7 was produced abundant mycelial growth with high density. Best mycelial growth was observed when dextrin was used as a carbon source. Lactose, saccharose and sucrose also produced high mycelial growth. Peptone, yeast extract and tryptone produced abundant mycelial growth, when used as nitrogen sources. Highest mycelial growth and density was observed when C/N ratio was 1 : 1 at the concentration of 12.5 g/l each. $KH_2PO_4$ was the best mineral source for mycelial growth. Highest mycelial dry wt. was produced in YM and SDAY broths. Optimum inoculum for 100 ml of liquid broth was 6 mycelial discs. Similarly, optimum liquid culture period was 7 days.