• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.177-200
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• 2006

The demand for the study about the pollution haven activities under increasing return to scale is increasing since the trade theory under increasing return to scale has been developed. In this paper, based on Davis (1998)'s argument about home market effect, pollution haven activities under increasing return to scale is developed. The result shows that pollution haven effect can be identified with the high trade barriers. When the trade barriers are lowered, both pollution haven effect of heavy polluted industries and migration of low polluted industries are mixed together. Even the behavior under pollution haven hypothesis and that of pollution haven effects are co-existed. Therefore, to keep both environmental protection and continuous economic development, the local government of the region with high environment preservation value encourages the productivity increase of the environmental technique.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.356-378
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• 1993

This study examines the competitiveness of urban industrial structure and its changing characteristics. Cluster analysis of Arizona towns based on economic functions revealed the changing characteristics of urban functions over time. The relationship between the changes of urban functions and industrial competitiveness was confirmed through shift-share analysis. The level of industrial specialization has become more closely related to urban size in terms of both population and employment, but the relationship between metropolitan location and specialization level is not clear. Also, it is validated that the economies of Arizona towns have become more diversified and, consequently, have tended to converge toward the state average in industrial structure over time.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.177-186
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• 2021

This study examined the effects of the firm characteristics of the manufacturing industry on the female employment ratio. Three hypotheses regarding female employment ratio, were tested for 5,729 firms that could use financial data among the firms listed on the KOSPI from 2011 to 2019, in terms firm size, listing period, and foreign ownership. Follwing the analyses, three hypotheses were mostly adopted. It was found that as the size firm and foreign ownership ratio increased, the female employment ratio increased in the number of regular and permanent contract employees, fixed-term employees, and total employees. As for the listing period, the higher the value, the lower the female employment ratio in the number of regular and permanent contract employees, fixed-term employees, and total employees. These research results may be used as basic data for gender equal employment policies such as Affirmative Atcion for Gender Equal Employment.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2019

In the entertainment industry, risk management is crucial for securing competitiveness due to the risk of investment. The competitiveness of contents is reinforced when external factors such as industrial environment and internal factors centering on involving mechanism are simultaneously provided. The involving mechanism is a form of cognitive response behavior of the audience and occurs through signal processing of the brain when watching the image contents. The signal processing of the brain related to the contents watching is mainly performed in the working memory area, and in the case of the captivating movie, the information other than the contents transmitted to the audience is blocked to generate a temporary dissociation state. A dissociation state similar to a symptom such as hypnosis or amnesia occurs when the audience's level of involving is high. On the other hand, contents information in which the audience is concentrating his attention is used intensively for constructing future thinking through an episodic buffer while the inflow of external information is relatively blocked or delayed. The spectator's future thinking configuration takes the form of a hypothesis-forming activity and is based on the predictability of the brain. When these hypothesized behaviors correspond to the problem solving simulation of story and predictability which is an evolutionary function of the brain, the audience' s brain is involved in the contents at a high level. In order for the act to be effective, the factors such as the background of the hypothesis, the subject of the hypothesis, the internal information of the person, the type and position and quantity of the hypothesis information, and the hypothesis relevance and type of information are important. Based on these factors, analysis of the Kim Eun Sook Drama 'Goblin' shows that the above elements are operated in a very organic and meaningful way.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.141-159
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• 1993

기업의 자본구조관리는 재무레버리지와 부채의 만기구조에 관한 결정에 달려있다. Modigliani-Miller(MM)이후 기존의 연구는 대부분 재무레버리지효과에 대해서만 분석을 시도하였을 뿐 부채의 만기구조효과에 대한 분석은 미진하였다. 따라서 이 논문은 부채의 만기구조가 보통주의 기대수익률에 미치는 영향을 이론적으로 분석하여 검증가능한 가설을 도출하고, 실증적으로 검증하고자 한다. 이 연구는 MM의 가정과 장단기부채에 관한 가정을 기초로 부채의 만기구조가 짧아지면 보통주의 기대수익률이 상승한다는 가설을 유도한다. 미국기업을 표본으로 한 회귀분석 결과는 주어진 총부채비율하에서 단기부채의 의존도가 보통주의 기대수익률과 양(+)의 상관관계에 있다는 것을 밝혔다. 이러한 부채의 만기구조효과는 기존의 기업규모효과 (size effect)를 통제하여도 그 결과가 변하지 않는 독립된 현상으로 파악되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.232-239
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• 2001

Young Jong Grand Bridge is approach traffic road of New Inchon International Airport which covers hub airport function in northeast asia. The total span length of this bridge is $4,420{\cal}m$ and this main bridge type is, the first in the world, Double Deck Self Anchored Suspension Bridge, designed as double deck systems to be arranged by road and railroad. Approach bridges to be connected with main span also are composed double deck steel truss and steel box girder to consider a continuity with this span. Our company erected $1,375{\cal}m$(about 60,000tons) of double deck steel truss bridge type which is composed by 6 traffic lane on upper deck and 4 traffic lane and Double track railroad on lower deck. The original installation method of this bridge was planed to install about 75 meters bridge blocks to use floating crane, after temporary bent was constructed between permanent piers. But this method which had to construct many temporary bents in the sea had the matter that construction periods can become lengthen and construction cost can be risen. To overcome the uncertainty to ensure high qualify of bridge and economic project execution, our company developed new bridge erection method to assure both quality control and economic construction work. The new erection method which was developed by us was one that could transport and install long bridge block, $120{\cal}m$ unit at a time and that temporary bent was not required. We hope that this paper is used as technical data which will erect bridge in the western sea and others marine region.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.93-99
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• 2020

In terms of construction work, the construction cost is lower than the importance of the construction, and since it is demolished after the completion of the construction, it is treated as a relatively small proportion compared to other construction types. Construction engineers who actually worked on the site talk about the safety of the construction work as the most important work of the various processes to ensure the quality and safety of the construction work. However, it is also true that safety management is difficult for temporary construction because various types of temporary materials are installed at various sites at the same time as construction progresses, and the main construction is carried out using them. Safety accidents in construction work are not much different even if they are carried out in temporary construction. The importance and safety of construction work cannot be neglected in view of the recent trend of large-scale construction, multi-purpose, excavation of large-scale underground spaces, and construction trends that are changing to skyscrapers. The purpose of this research is to secure the safety of Dongbar among the temporary materials used in construction work by using IT convergence technology, and to propose safety management to prevent safety accidents in the construction work.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.49-74
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• 2017

Drawing on the organizational learning theory, we argue that international patenting allows firms to assess the potential value of their innovation in host countries and find out latent local competitors. The information obtained from international patenting enables firms to make refined innovations that facilitate export performance. However, structural inertia and old knowledge can impede learning from international patenting. Thus, we expect larger firms and older firms to display greater reluctance to use the knowledge obtained from international patenting. Our empirical analysis of Korean pharmaceutical companies from 1998 to 2010 shows that international patent application increases export intensity but firm size and age weaken the positive effect of international patenting on export performance.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.471-491
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• 2011

This study is to analyze the determinants of inflow FDI with panel data of 12 provinces in western region of China for the period, 1990-2007, from the perspective of market-oriented FDI and production-efficiency-oriented FDI. The empirical findings are following. First, the empirical results prior to the start of western development program show that the GRDP, the intense of industrialization and university graduates per 10,000 residents have positive coefficient signs at the significant level, while wage level has a negative and significant value. Second the empirical results using the data after the launching of the western development program show that the GRDP, the intense of industrialization have positive relations with FDI, while openness in terms of the ratio of international trade to GRDP and the wage level have negative coefficients. Finally, this thesis finds that the empirical results for both periods are very similar, which suggest that the economic structure in western region has not changed significantly even though almost a decade passed since the western development program launched.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.89-112
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• 1991

본고(本稿)는 금융시장(金融市場)의 규모(規模)와 금융산업구조(金融産業構造)와의 관계에 대한 몇가지의 가설(假說)을 미국(美國), 영국(英國), 독일(獨逸), 프랑스, 캐나다, 이탈리아, 스웨덴, 벨기에, 네덜란드, 스페인 등 11개 OECD국가와 한국(韓國)의 시계열자료(時系列資料) 및 동(同) 자료(資料)의 크로스섹션결합자료(結合資料)를 이용하여 검증하였다. 검증결과에 의하면, (1) 각국의 직(直) 간접금융비중(間接金融比重)은 전체 금융시장규모에 의해 유의하게 영향을 받고 있으며, (2) 직(直) 간접금융(間接金融)은 시장규모(市場規模)의 확대(擴大)에 따라 어느 하나가 압도함이 없이 일정한 균형비율로 수렴해 나가는 것으로 관찰되고 있어 세계금융산업(世界金融産業)은 일반적으로 전업균형(專業均衡)보다는 전업(專業) 및 겸업(兼業)의 혼합균형(混合均衡)으로 이행해 나갈 것으로 기대되며, (3) 최근 진행되고 있는 금융(金融)의 세계화(世界化) 및 개방화(開放化) 추세(趨勢)는 궁극적으로 각국 금융산업조직(金融産業組織)의 동질화(同質化)를 촉진시킬 것으로 나타나고 있고, (4) 금융시장규모(金融市場規模)의 확대(擴大)에 따른 혼합균형(混合均衡)으로의 이행과정에서는, 겸업주의(兼業主義) 은행제도(銀行制度)는 금융시장의 규모가 상대적으로 작은 경제에서, 역으로 전업주의(專業主義) 은행제도(銀行制度)는 금융시장의 규모가 상대적으로 큰 경제에서 주로 형성되는 경향이 있는 것으로 관찰되었다. 부수적으로는, 전업주의(專業主義) 금융제도(金融制度)에 비해 금융업무(金融業務)의 자유(自由)를 보다 더 허용하는 겸업주의(兼業主義) 금융제도(金融制度)가 균형금융구조(均衡金融構造)로의 이행(移行)을 촉진시키고 있다는 점도 발견되었다. 이상의 검증결과는, 금융산업(金融産業) 및 제도(制度)는 이를 받치는 전체 금융(金融)의 규모성장(規模成長)에 따라 적절한 균형구조(均衡構造)를 찾아가는 것이기 때문에 전체 금융의 성장과정 및 속도에 부응하지 못하는 인위적인 금융개편정책(金融改編政策)은 바람직하지 못하다는 시사를 주고 있다.