• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.306-317
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• 2002

본 연구는 발 불편감에 영향을 주는 변인을 추출하여, 불편감을 최소화시킬 수 있으며 발의 불편감에 영향을 주는 변인을 찾기 위하여 수도권에 거주하는 성인 여성 216명을 대상으로 일반적인 사항(연령, 체중, 신장, 직업), 구두특성(굽 높이, 토우모양, 착용시간), 보행습관, 발 불편감은 설문조사를 실시 하고, 족자압을 측정 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 발 불편부위는 엄지발가락, 2·3 중족골두, 그리고 새끼발가락 순으로 불편을 많이 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 발의 불편감에서 요인분석 결과 전신 불편감(요인 1.), 발바닥 불편감(요인 2), 그리고 발가락 불편감(요인 3)의 세 요인으로 분류되었다. 2. 연령이 많아질수록 발바닥에 불편감이 많이 나타났으며, 직업에 따라서 전신과 발바닥에 분편감에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 학생과 회사원의 경우는 전신, 판매직과 주부의 경우는 발바닥 부위에 불편감이 많다고 하였다. 굽 높이가 높을수록 발바닥 부위에 불편감, 토우모양은 발가락부위에 불편감, 그리고 착용시간이 길수록 발바닥 부위에 불편감이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 보행특성과 관련해 분석한 결과는 체중이 앞으로 쏠린 상태에서 보행하는 습관은 전신, 발가락 그리고 발바닥 부위에 불편감과 유의한 상관관계를 보이고 있었다. 그 중에서 전신 불편감이 상대적으로 높은 상관관계를 보이고 있다. 접지시간과 발바닥 불편감은 역 상관관계가 있는 것으로, 최대압력은 발가락 불편감과 상관관계가 약하게 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.258-268
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to develop functional midsole that can restrain the heightening of plantar pressure in forefoot pressure so as to develop high-heeled shoes that can lessen foot ailments among women. The pumps shoes used for the research were of the same pumps type last. The variant was heel height, 3cm, 6cm, and 9cm, and the shoes were made in both normal midsole and functional midsole. The variant was applied to investigate the changes of foot pressure on forefoot and hindfoot according to heel height.'Heel Cup' was chosen for modification of functional midsolepumps type. to enlarge contact area in hindfoot, and 'Heel Posting Pad' was attached under sustentaculum tali to suppress the weight moving to forefoot pressure. If such functional parts are developed and used, it is possible to lessen the amount of Pmax or Impulse imposed by high-heeled pumps type on forefoot pressure. This can greatly lessen foot ailments, largely caused by high-heeled shoes, among women.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.43-55
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• 1999

In today's society, many women wear high-heeled shoes, but the effect of heel height on lumbar lordosis has not been clearly defined. The objective of this study was to identify the influence of heel height and general characteristics of subjects on lumbar lordosis. The subjects of this study were 40 healthy women who were students of the Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Taegu University. Flexible ruler measurement was used to measure the lumbar lordosis at barefoot, 3 cm and 7 cm high-heeled standing positions. The results were as follows: 1) Significant statistical decrease in lumbar lordosis was observed as heel heights were increased from barefoot to 7 cm high heel. 2) There were no statistically significant differences between lumbar lordosis according to three different heel heights and weight, body mass index. 3) Lumbar lordosis measured at different heel heights was related to subject's height. With increasing subject's height, lumbar lordosis that measured from each heel height was significantly decreased. As heel heights were increased from barefoot to 7 cm high heel, significant statistical decrease in lumbar lordosis was observed in the subjects whose height were 151~160 cm. 4) Intrarater reliability on lumbar lordosis taken with a flexible ruler was good, with Cronbach ${\alpha}$ values of 0.8971 for barefoot, 0.8107 for 3 cm and 0.9002 for 7 cm high-heeled standing positions.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different heel height on the electromyographic (EMG) activity in Rectus abdominis (RA) and Erector spinae (ES) during gait activity. Methods : A repeated measures design was used. 33 healthy females carried out a standardized gait activity under 3 conditions; with heel wedges of 1, 7, and 12cm in height. EMG activity was recorded from RA and ES during the activity. Data was analysed using the repeated one-way ANOVA. Results : First, as the shoe-heel height was getting higher, change of muscle activation indicated the statistically significant difference in rectus abdominis(p<0.05). Second, as the shoe-heel height was getting higher, change of muscle activation indicated the statistically significant difference in erector spinae(p<0.05). Conclusion : We found that as heel height increased, there was an increase in EMG activity in both RA and ES. This indicated that no RA : ES imbalance was elicited. This study provides information that will inform future research on how heel height affects muscle activity around the trunk.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the trunk and the lower limb muscles during quiet standing on an unstable surface while wearing low-heeled shoes (3 cm), high-heeled shoes (7 cm) and without footwear (0 cm) in 20 young healthy women. The subjects stood on an unstable surface for 30 seconds. We examined the differences in the EMG data of the erector spinae, rectus abdominis, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and the gastrocnemius medialis muscle. A one-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the effects of shoe heel height on the EMG activity with the level of significance set at ${\alpha}=.05$. The EMG activity of the erector spinae and the rectus femoris were significantly increased (p<.05) in the subjects who wore elevated heel height, while the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius medialis were significantly decreased (p<.05). However, the rectus abdominis and the biceps femoris exhibited no significant difference among the three conditions. The above results indicate that wearing high-heeled shoes may change the postural strategy. The findings of this study suggest that excessive heel height could contribute to an increased fall risk during quiet standing.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.763-775
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• 1998

Some segment or segments of the body must compensate for the heel, and the higher the heel the greater the compensation. Such compensation was once generally thought to take place in the lumbar region and therefore to increase the lumbar lordosis. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes of lumbar sagittal curvature in barefoot and 6cm 12cm high-heel stance. We selected 19 subjects(11 males, 8 females} without history of lower back pain, significant spinal abnormality. And lateral view X-ray of lumbar region from T12 to S1 was taken of each individual. On each X-ray film, lumbar lordotic angle lumbosacral angle and lumbar segmental angles were measured by Cobb method. We drew the following interpretations from the analysis of measured variables of the lumbar region. 1. In comparison of barefoot 6cm heel 12cm heel stance, lumbar lordotic angle had a tendency to decrease according as the heel height was higher. The change in lumbar lordosis measured in high-heel stance was inconsistent with clinical forkelord of hyperlordosis in wearers of high-heeled. 2. Lumbar lordotic angle from T12 to L5 showed sex difference, and was more lordotic in female(p<0.05). 3. There was no sex difference in lumbosacral angle and lumbar segmental angles(p>0.05). 4. There was a significant correlation between lumbar lordotic angle and lumbosacral angle(r>0.60).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.112-124
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• 2004

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to research the effects of the differences in shoe heel height on balanced performances with a balance master. Method : 40 healthy female adults were divided into 2 groups at random. All the female participants were tested by a balance master system. Differences were analyzed according to high heel shoes and low heel shoes. The ability of static postural balance control was measured by modified CTSIB and unilateral stance test, while that of dynamic postural balance control was measured by LOS (limit of stability) and rhythmic weight shift, among the programs of a balance master. Result : 1. There is no significant correlation between the ability of static and dynamic postural balance control before main test without the shoes. 2. Movement velocity and directional control ability were significant correlation compared result of in high heel shoes and low heel shoes group. Conclusion : In conclusion, the test results of the high heeled shoe group and the low heeled shoe group through a balance master system showed that the former one is inferior to the latter one.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2012

현대인의 생활은 굽이 높은 슬리퍼, 샌들, 하이 힐 등의 과다 사용에 따른 수축된 아킬레스건이 보행 또는 운동 중에 파열되는 사고로부터 예방의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 또한 국민생활이 윤택해짐에 따라서 운동부족과 과잉섭취에 의한 국민비만은 심각한 상황이다. 본 연구는 아킬레스건의 신장과 이완된 종아리 근육을 풀어주거나 키워주는 역할의 기능성 샌들에 대한 외형 디자인에 대하여 현재 시제품에 대한 분류와 문제점들을 알아보고 어떠한 디자인 개발이 필요한 지 알아보는 데에 본 연구의 목적이다. 본 연구조사를 통하여 동일 제품군을 대상으로 현재 기능성 샌들 디자인 문제점과 경향으로 향후 개발되어질 기능성 샌들에 대하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 첫째, 앞굽이 높고 바닥이 넓으며 지면과 맞닿는 부분이 많아야 한다. 둘째, 무채색 계열보다는 유채색 계열에 대하여 선호도가 높다. 셋째, 굽의 높이와 형태를 곡선 적으로 제작하고 신발의 균형에 대하여 디자인 고려해야 한다. 넷째, 기능성 샌달로써 형태가 너무 커 투박하거나 운동에 불편을 주지 않는 가운데 될수록 크게 보여 안정감을 주도록 한다. 다섯째, 형태를 디자인하는데 너무 복잡하게 디자인하지 않도록 한다. 연구는 기능성 샌들의 외형 디자인에 대해서 조사 분석한 것으로 실제 샌들의 사용 평가 등에 대해서 이루어지지 않았다. 향후 보다 구체적인 연구를 통해 건강을 위한 기능성 샌들 디자인의 다양화를 모색하고 우리나라의 산업과 디자인 경쟁력의 우위를 확보해 나아가야 할 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.32-42
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• 1999

This study was conducted to identify the effects of high-heel shoes on EMG activities of rectus femoris and biceps femoris in 28 healthy women. Subjects were composed of experimental group (wearing high-heel shoes) and control group (wearing low-heel shoes). Two groups participated in three conditions standing (bare foot wearing athletic shoes and 7.5 cm height shoes). In high-heel shoes condition, EMG activities of rectus femoris of control group were significantly lower than that of biceps femoris of experimental group, but EMG activities of both muscles of experimental group did not should significant difference. In bare foot standing condition, EMG activities of rectus femoris of experimental group were significantly lower than that of biceps femoris but EMG activities of both muscles of control group had no significant difference. These results showed that hamstring lengthening effects was produced when wearing high-heel shoes because the external knee extension moment was increased. In the short term, high-heel shoes effect on the increase of the biceps femoris activities by spindle reflex, but in the long term, the normal amplitude of the same muscle activities by Golgi tendon organ reflex.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2007

Objective : To purpose of this study was the most of the ladies wear high-heeled shoes at lease 4 to 5 day a week but the effect of it's height on the lumbo-sacral legion angle has not been clearly defined. Method : Subject were 20 young ladies, who had majored in physical therapy of the Dae-gu Health College. Method 1. PACS system X-ray was used to measure the lumbo-sacral legion angle under the condition of bare foot, 3cm, 7cm high-heeled at standing position. 2. Spinal Mouse was used to measure the spinal segment motion angle and length under the condition of bare foot, 3cm, 7cm high-heeled at being Flexion-Extension position Result : The result of this study were as follow I. Significant statistical increase in lumbar lordosis was observed as the heel height was increased from bare foot to 7cm high-heeled(p<.05), but there was no significant difference in the lumbo-sacral angle & sacral angle(p>.05). 2. The Height and the weight of the subjects, their preference on the shoes didn't affect the lumbo-sacral lesion angle(p>.05) 3. The variation of the heel height didn't affect the spinal segment motion angle and length(p>.05). Conclusion : There is strong relationship between the high of heel with increasing the lumbar lordosis(p<.05).