• 레미콘
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• no.9 s.17
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• pp.88-95
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• 1988

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.363-375
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• 2013

Today, a shortage of the skilled operator has been intensified gradually and the necessity of an earthwork in extreme environment operators are difficult to access is increasing for the purpose of resource development and new living space creation. For this reason, an effort to develop an unmanned excavation robot for fully automated earthwork system is continuing globally. In Korea, a research consortium called 'Intelligent Excavation System' has been formed since 2006 as a part of Construction Technology Innovation Program of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs of Korea. Among detailed technologies of the Task Planning System is one of the core technologies of IES, this paper explains research and development process of the Local Area Design Module, which provides informatization unit to create automated excavators' work command information at operation level such as location, range, target, and sequence for excavation work. Designing of Local Area should be considered various influential factors such as excavator's specification, working mechanism, heuristics, and structural stability to create work plan guaranteed safety and effectiveness. For this research, conceptual and detail design of the Local Area is performed for analyzing design element and variable, and quantization method of design specification corresponding with heuristics and structural safety is generated. Finally, module is developed through constructed algorithm and developed module is verified.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.2551-2562
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• 2013

Since 2006, an Intelligent Excavation Robot which automatically performs the earth-work without operator has been developed in Korea. The technologies for automatically recognizing the terrain of work environment and detecting the objects such as obstacles or dump trucks are essential for its work quality and safety. In several countries, terrestrial 3D laser scanner and stereo vision camera have been used to model the local area around workspace of the automated construction equipment. However, these attempts have some problems that require high cost to make the sensor system or long processing time to eliminate the noise from 3D model outcome. The objectives of this study are to analyze the advantages of the existing 3D modeling sensors and to examine the applicability for practical use by using Analytic Hierarchical Process(AHP). In this study, 3D modeling quality and accuracy of modeling sensors were tested at the real earth-work environment.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

Hydraulic excavators are the representative of field robot and have been used in various fields of construction. Since the excavator operates in the hazardous working environment, operators of excavator are exposed in harmful environment. Therefore, the hydraulic excavator automation and remote operation system has been investigated to protect from the hazardous working environment. In this paper, remote operation excavator system is developed using the mini hydraulic excavator and the tracking control system of each links of excavator is designed. To apply the tracking control system, the adaptive sliding mode control algorithm is proposed. It is found that the performance of the proposed control system is improved through experimental results of using the remote operation excavator system.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.226-229
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• 2009

굴삭기는 다양한 산업 분야에서 폭넓게 이용되고 있는 대표적인 장비임에도 불구하고 작업 환경은 매우 열악하여 굴삭 조종자는 각종 소음이나 진동, 분진에의 노출뿐만 아니라 산업재해의 위험성 또한 높다. 이러한 문제점들을 타개하기 위하여 현재 국내에서는 2006년부터 지능형굴삭시스템(Intelligent Excavating System)에 의한 자동화된 굴삭기의 개발을 위하여 연구를 진행 중에 있다. 자동화 굴삭시스템 구축에 있어서 센싱(sensing)을 통해 획득된 지형 및 주변 환경정보를 활용하여 숙련공의 휴리스틱스(heuristics)를 바탕으로 설계된 모듈을 통해 최적의 굴삭 작업 계획을 세우고, GUI (Graphic User Interface)를 제공하여 실시간 작업진행 상태 파악 및 모니터링(monitoring) 내용을 굴삭기 조종자와 공사 감독관에게 제공하는 Task Planning System의 개발은 생산성, 안전성, 작업의 품질 및 장비의 성능에도 지대한 영향을 미치며 자동화된 굴삭시스템을 개발함에 있어서 필수적으로 요구되어지는 핵심기술이다. 본 논문에서는 자동화 굴삭시스템을 위한 자동화 계획생성 시스템인 Task Planning System의 현재까지 진행된 연구 내용과 모니터링 및 작업에 대한 최소간섭을 위한 Task Planning System Interface를 소개한다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.130-141
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• 2011

The intelligent excavating system(IES), the development in South Korea of which has been underway since 2006, aims for the full-scale automation of the excavation process that includes a series of tasks such as movement, excavation and loading. The core elements to ensure the quality and safety of the automated excavation equipment include 3D modeling of terrain that surrounds the excavating robot and the technology for detecting objects accurately(i.e., for detecting the location of nearby loading trucks and humans as well as of obstacles positioned on the movement paths). Therefore the purpose of this research is to ensure the quality and safety of automated excavation detecting the objects surrounding the excavating robot via a 3D laser scanning system. In this paper, an algorithm for estimating the location, height, width, and shape of objects in the 3D-realized terrain that surrounds the location of the excavator was proposed. The performance of the algorithm was verified via tests in an actual earthwork field.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.951-956
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• 1991

굴삭기 엔진 펌프시스템을 실험결과에 근거해서 모델링하여 수치적으로 시뮬레이션을 행하였다. 엔진.펌프시스템은 그 구성이 복잡할 뿐만 아니라 시스템자체의 비선형성,작업에 따라 시스템에 가해지는 불확실한 외란, 파라미터의 변동으로 인하여 정확한 모델링을 행하기는 다소 어려움이 있었다. 비례제어만을 사용시는 정상상태오차의 발생,초기의 회전수저하등으로 인하여 적합하지 않았다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 PID제어를 사용하였을 경우 정상상태오차는 제거할 수 있으나 정착시간이 길어지는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 슬라이딩모우드에 의한 제어법을 적용하였을 경우 정상상태오차,정착시간,최대회전수저하량을 모두 만족하였으나 과도상태에서 오실레이션이 발생하는 현상을 볼 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2006

Virtual Manufacturing is a powerful methodology for developing a new product, new equipment and new production system. It enables the checking errors in design before production. This paper is a case study of virtual manufacturing in an excavator factory. The final welding operations of the boom and the rotating table of upper body are selected for application. 3D models of parts and fixtures are developed with $CATIA^{(R)}$ and 3D simulation models are developed with $IGRIP^{(R)}$. These models are used for verifying the design of fixture and for the motion design of robot. As a result, the manual welding systems are replaced by automatic systems and many design errors are corrected in the design phase, which reduces the developing cost and time.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.136-145
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• 2009

The objective of the Intelligent Excavation System (IES) is to recognize the work environment and produce work plan and automatically control the excavator through integrating sensor and robot technologies. This paper discusses one of the core technologies of IES development project, development of 3D work environment modeling. 3D laser scanner is used for 3-dimensional mathematical model that can be visualized in virtual space in 3D. This paper describes (1) how the most appropriate 3D imaging system has been chosen; (2) the development of user interface and customization of the s/w to control the scanner for IES project; (3) the development of the mobile station for the scanner; (4) and the algorithm for the automatic registration of laser scan segments for IES project. The development system has been tested on the construction field and lessons learned and future development requirements are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.921-924
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• 2007

토목, 건축과 관련된 노동현장은 여느 3D 업종들과 마찬가지로 숙련된 기능공의 부재 및 산업재해 발생으로 인해 어려움을 겪고 있으며 이를 극복하기 위한 노력을 계속하고 있다. 대표적인 토목공사인 토공 작업 역시 위험 혹은 유해한 작업환경으로 인해 토공장비의 안전사고 및 생산성과 품질저하가 발생하며 이를 방지하기 위한 장비의 지능화가 절실하게 요구되고 있다. 이를 위해 최근 지능형 굴삭 시스템 개발을 위한 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 토공작업은 일반적으로 광범위한 작업영역을 가지기 때문에 지능형 굴삭시스템의 개발을 위해서는 효율적인 작업을 수행할 수 있도록 하는 작업계획의 수립이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 작업계획의 대상을 굴삭로봇과 토사로 구분하였으며, 글로벌 영역에서 단위작업 영역, 로컬 영역으로의 분할을 통해 전체 작업 진행에 대해 효율적으로 작업계획을 수립할 수 있도록 구성하여 계획단계에서부터 토공작업 자동화 및 효율와에 기여하고자한다. 토공작업계획 시스템은 토공 작업자 및 감독자의 작업 특성 및 노하우를 컴퓨터, 즉 두뇌에 부여함으로써 숙련된 장비조종자의 작업 방법 및 특성을 반영하여 토공 작업 프로세스 모델링을 구축하고 실제 작업환경상의 센서에 의해 측정된 데이터를 실제 작업환경과 동일하게 모델링된 컴퓨터내의 가상환경을 바탕으로 영역분할, 최적 플랫폼 위치선정 및 작업 순차생성을 통해 최적의 토공작업계획을 수립할 수 있도록 한다.