• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.263-267
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• 2003

물만 주입한 1군과 물-토양을 주입한 2군, 물-ORC를 주입한 3군, 물-토양-ORC를 전부 주입한 4군의 4개군으로 조건을 차별화하여 2$0^{\circ}C$ 항온 OER시험을 실시하였다. 1군은 약4mg/L, 2군은 3mg/L, 3군은 12~13mg/L, 4군은 11~12mg/L의 DO를 나타내었다. ORC를 투여하지 않은 1군과 2군은 2$0^{\circ}C$ 용존산소 포화선인 Bmg/L에 크게 못미치는 것으로 나타났고 ORC를 투여한 3군과 4군은 포화선보다 3~4mg/L 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 토양을 주입한 2군과 4군에서는 토양 미생물의 영향을 받아 DO가 감소하나 ORC를 투입한 4군에서는 그 영향이 미미하게 나타난다. TCE 분해능 시험은 15$^{\circ}C$에서 항온으로 30일간 시험하였다. 초기 농도 5000ppb가 30일 경과 후 약 4000ppb로 약20%의 분해율을 나타내었고, 메탄을 첨가했을 때 더 잘 분해됨을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.434-439
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• 2021

We assessed the effects of intravenous (IV) ascorbic acid administration on fatigue in women undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy. We analyzed the secondary endpoint results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fifty patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy received IV ascorbic acid (2g) or placebo (randomly 1:1 ratio) intravenously during surgery. On day 2 post-surgery, we measured the level of fatigue using the Brief Fatigue Inventory-Korean version. Forty-five women (experimental arm 23, control arm 22) were eligible for analysis after 5 women (experimental arm 2, control arm 3) were excluded due to withdrawal of consent, cancellation of surgery or non-measurement of the endpoints. The baseline and operative characteristics were similar between arms and the global fatigue score of the experimental arm (4.56 ± 2.63) was not significantly different from that of the control arm (5.21 ± 2.02, P = 0.351). However, the fatigue score of the experimental arm tended to be lower than that of the control arm in most domains. IV ascorbic acid administration did not significantly reduce the level of fatigue in women undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy as compared to placebo. More research is needed to better understand the effects of ascorbic acid on fatigue in surgical patients.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.420-425
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• 1991

본 연구는 인삼 사포닌(Ponax ginseng C.A. Meyer)이 수영운동을 부하시킨 웅성 횐쥐(Sprague-Dawley 계, 360 $\pm$ 40 9)의 대퇴근 크레아틴 키나제(Creative Kinase, CK: E.C. 2.7.3.2) 동위효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 운동군은 3시간 동안 수영운동시켰으며 ,인삼군은 인삼 사포닌을 체중 Kg 당 120 mg 복강투여하였다. 인삼 사포닌을 투여한 운동군은 수영운동 1시간 전에 인삼 사포닌을 투여한 후 3시간 동안 수영시켰다. 인삼군의 MB-CK의 활성은 대조군보다 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.01). 또한 인삼 비투여 운동군과 인삼 투여 운동군에서의 MM-CK활성은 대조군보다 각각 현저하게 증가하였고(P < 0.01와 P < 0.05), 특히 인삼 투여 운동군에서 BB-CK활성이 대조군보다 유의하게 증가하였다(P < 0.01). 인삼 사포닌은 일반적으로 CK-동위효소의 활성을 증가시키고, 운동은 MM-CK의 활성을 현저하게 증가시켰으며, 인삼 투여 운동군에서 BB-CK의 활성이 인삼 비투여 운동군보다 현저하게 증가하였다. 따라서 인삼 사포닌과 운동이 CK동위효소 활성에 상승의 효과를 나타내는 것으로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.574-582
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• 1998

Background: Bronchofiberscopy is a procedure with a chance of airway irritation and it may cause pathophysiologic changes of respiratory system. So we tried to evaluate the influence of bronchofibercopy on $O_2$ saturation, ABGA and PIT by patient's basal status and procedure type. Method: $O_2$ saturation was measured every 1 minute from the left index finger tip with percutaneous oximetry. ABGA was done before and right after the bronchofiberscopy and PIT was done before and within 10 minutes after the bronchofiberscopy. Results: The mean time for bronchofiberscopy procedure was 14.5mim and $SaO_2$ maximally fall to 89.0 below 8% of the baseline after mean time of 8.4min, which was recovered at the end of the procedure. $SaO_2$ change amount was 8.4 % on Non-$O_2$ supply group, which was lower compared to 6.4 % of the $O_2$-supply group without statistically significance. Biopsy Group and BAL group showed more $SaO_2$ fall than washing only group. The level of $PaO_2$ and FEV1 of the patient didn't influence significantly on $SaO_2$ fall during the procedure. ABGA taken before and after the bronchofiberscopy showed mild fall of $PaO_2$ and mild rise of $PaCO_2$. Whereas PFT showed decrease of FEV1(P<0.05) and increase of RV without changes in airway resistance and pulmonary diffusion capacity. Comparing before and after the bronchofiberscopy, the washing group showed no significant changes on PIT, while the biopsy group and the BAL group showed increase of RV & decrease of $FEV_1$ after the bronchofiberscopy. BAL group showed more changing tendency rather than biopsy group although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Bronchofiberscopy is considered as a relatively safe procedure, but it would be better to be done with $O_2$ supply especially in the patient with low $PaO_2$ and in the case of biopsy and BAL.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.512-517
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• 2008

Purpose : Syncope is relatively common in children and adolescents. Among the etiologies of syncope, neurocardiogenical syncope is the most common, but it is often confounded with seizure. We investigated the clinical features of patients under the age of 15 with neurocardiogenical syncope, compared to patients with neurologic disorders including epilepsy. Methods : Among the children who visited the Department of Pediatrics at Cheongju St. Mary's Hospital and Chungbuk National University Hospital from March 2005 to February 2007, we retrospectively analyzed 69 patients whose chief complaint was syncope. We classified the patients by syncope etiology and made comparisons between the neurocardiogenical syncope (NCS) group and the neurological disorders (ND) group regarding to age; location; time and season in which syncope occurred; associated symptoms, including seizures, provocation factors; prodromes; duration of syncope; frequency of previous syncope; birth history; associated disease; past medical history; family history; neurological exam; physical exam; laboratory findings; electrocardiography; electroencephalography (EEG); head-up tilt test; brain CT; and MRI. Results : Among 69 syncope patients, 53 (76.8%) were in the NCS group and 11 (15.9%) were in the ND group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two study groups except for the presence of prodromes and EEG abnormalities. The presence of prodromes in the NCS group was more common than in the ND group [46.9% (23/49) vs. 9.1% (1/11), (P=0.038)]. The EEG abnormality in the ND group was more common than in the NCS group [90% (9/10) vs. 5.8% (3/52), (P<0.01)]. Conclusion : Our study suggests that detailed history-taking, including that concerning prodromes, is important for the accurate diagnosis of neurocardiogenical syncope, and EEG should be obtained if neurological disorders are suggested.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 2003

The quality characteristics of the bread prepared with black soybean powder(BSP) were evaluated. Breads were prepared by the addition of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20％ of BSP to the basic formulation. The pH's of dough with BSP were ranged from 5.13 to 5.77 and that of the control was 5.43. The volume of dough, loaf volume and loaf volume index of the bread with 5％-BSP was the highest. The peak viscosity of the doughs with BSP (200~545 BU) measured by the Amylograph were lower than that of the control (1077 BU). Color $L^{*}$ value of the bread crust and crumb with BSP decreased, and color $a^{*}$ values of the bread crumb with BSP increased, but $a^{*}$ and $b^{*}$ values of the crust with BSP decreased. The hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and gumminess increased as the concentration of BSP increased. Degree of retrogradations(2.60~4.07) of the bread with BSP was lower than that(6.00) of the control after 48 hrs. From the result of the sensory evaluation, the overall quality score of the bread with 5％-BSP, 4.37, was the highest among samples compared with.ith.ith.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.363-371
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• 2001

심미성 수복재 중합시 사용되는 광원은 다양한 요인들에 의해 선택되어지고 있지만 이러한 요인들은 앞으로도 논란의 여지를 많이 남겨두고 있다. 또한 현재 사용되고 있는 중합법들이 제각기 독특한 장점들을 갖고 있기 때문에 최적의 중합법 결정이 필요한 시점이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중합광의 강도(50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 600mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$)와 중합시간(10, 20, 40초)을 다양하게 변화시켰을 때 복합레진의 미세경도와 미세누출도가 어떠한 양태를 보이는지를 관찰하고자 하였다. 본 실험에서는 A3 색상의 혼합형 복합레진인 국산 DenFil과 미세입자형 복합레진인 Esthet X를 사용하였다. 중합 1일 후 복합레진의 Vickers 경도는 다이아몬드형 압흔 길이를 측정하여 평가하였으며 미세누출도는 1% methylene blue용액을 이용한 방법과 주사전자 현미경을 이용한 수복물과 치질간의 최대 이개도 평가법의 두 가지 방법으로 측정하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다; 1. 미세경도는 시편 상면이 하면에 비해 단단한 양태를 보였으며 상, 하면에 관계없이 혼합형 복합레진인 국산 DenFil이 미세입자형 복합레진인 Esthetx에 비해 높은 경도치를 보였다. 2. 모든 미세 경도 실험에서 너무 낮은 광도(50mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 100mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$)로 중합한 군에서는 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 미세 경도를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 상면의 경우, DenFil은 중합시간과 관계없이 200mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상의 광도에서 대조군(600mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 광도로 40초간 중합)과 유의차 없는 미세경도치를 보였으나, Esthet X는 200mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상의 광도로 40초 동안 중합한 군에서만 대조군과 유의차 없는 미세경도치를 보였다. 4. 하면의 경우 DenFil은 300mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상의 광도로, Esthet X는 200mW/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 이상의 광도로 각기 40초 동안 중합한 군에서만 대조군과 유의차 없는 미세경도치를 보였다. 5. 법랑질 변연부에서는 색소 침투가 전혀 없었으나 상아질 변연부에서는 정도의 차이는 있었지만 모든 시편에서 색소 침투를 보였다. 6. 통계적 유의차는 없었지만 저광도에서 우수한 미세누출도를 보였으며 색소 침투법과 최대 이개도 평가법간에는 상관성이 매우 낮았다 (p=0.801).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 2018

Softening effects of enzyme following pre-treatments were examined. Four pre-treatments: raw (R), heat (H), heat and freeze-thawing (HFT), heat and freeze-drying (HFD) were applied to carrot. Subsequently, each treated sample was immersed in 10% celluclast enzyme solution for up to 6 h and then their properties were compared. The minimum and the maximum color change was observed in HFD and H, respectively. R showed no change in hardness after 6 h immersion, indicating that the enzyme did not penetrate the carrot. The number and size of pores were greater in samples undergone HFT or HFD as observed by microstructure analysis using SEM, and HFD caused 99.5% reduction in hardness after 6 h immersion. After 6 h immersion post-HFT or 3 h immersion post-HFD, the hardness was less than $20,000N/m^2$, indicating tongue ingestion was possible, and the samples retained their original shape and easily collapsed by spoon pressing.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.358-362
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• 2000

To investigate the effect of sourdough on the quality characteristics of barley bread, sourdough starlet with Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sanfrancisco and Enterococcus mundtii was used for baking after 48 hours incubation at 37$\^{C}$. The specific volume of the bread containing sourdough starter was greater than that the control. Retarding of the firmness was observed in the bread with Lactobacillus sanfrancisco compared with the control and other breads. Above results suggest that sourdough starter fermented by Lactobacillus can be used as natural bread improver.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of nursing information provision using a booklet on the patients' anxiety and uncertainty with an endoscopic submucosal dissection before the procedure, which is a non-equivalent controlled pre-post test designed study. Twenty three patients in a control group received the existing intervention, which is the general education prior to the procedure without standardized format as well as an oral explanation, and 23 patients in the experimental group received nursing information with a booklet developed by the investigator of this study. The collected data were analyzed using a ${\chi}^2$ test and Fisher's exact t-test on SPSS 21.0. The experimental group reported significantly lower anxiety (t=3.319, p=.002) and anxiety behavioral responses (t=3.508, p=.001) than those in the control group. There were no significant differences in uncertainty between the groups (t=.745, p=.460). Nursing information using the booklet is a useful nursing intervention to reduce the anxiety of patients with endoscopic submucosal dissection before the procedure.