• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.787-800
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the vegetation structure of Bulguksa around Buddhist Temple Forest in the Gyeongju National Park. To do so, forty-two plots($100m^2$) were set up and surveyed. The surveyed plots were divided into four groups according to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN; (I) Pinus densiflora-Pinus koraiensis community, (II) Pinus densiflora community, (III) Pinus densiflora-Acer palmatum community, (IV) Acer palmatum-Pinus densiflora community. The results of vegetation structure analysis were; Bulguksa around Buddhist Temple Forest in the Gyeongju National Park were dominated by Pinus densiflora. IV community, influx of Acer palmatum in Pinus densiflora community, Acer palmatum-Pinus densiflora community are believed to be a change to the community. But, recent spontaneously is growing Quercus variabilis, Quercus aliena, Quercus serrata, Quercus mongolica in understory and shrub layer. Later, it is expected that Pinus densiflora competition. The forest vegetation age of the study area is Pinus densiflora were dominant trees in forest was 30~100 years, old while that of Acer palmatum was 30~36 years old.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.204-219
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate and analyze the characteristics of the plant community structure of vegetation distributed on the western slope and ridge connecting Mt. Noja to Mt. Gara. This basic research was executed not only to restore and manage forest vegetation, but also to monitor the trend of change in the long term. As a result of classifying the communitise in 86 survey quadrats, the Pinus thunbergii-Platycarya strobilacea comm. and P. thunbergii-P. densiflora comm. were distributed around the lowlands. The Carpinus tschonoskii-Deciduous broad-leaved comm., Styrax japonicus-Deciduous broad-leaved comm., Acer pictum subsp. Mono-Deciduous broad-leaved comm., Deciduous broad-leaved comm., and Zelkova serrata comm. appeared in the valley and all stone areas. Quercus serrata comm., Q. serrata-S. japonicus comm., S. japonicus-Carpinus cordata comm., Euonymus oxyphyllus comm. were classified as being distributed on steep slopes with relatively high altitude. According to the succession trend of the forest, evergreen conifers will be transition to deciduous broad-leaved trees. However, deciduous broad-leaved arboreous forests, such as Carpinus tschonoskii, zelkova serrata, and Acer pictum subsp. Mono, were considered to maintain their current succession stage because not only the stratified structure was developed over about 50 years tree age, but also ecologically stabilized. As environmental factors, it was analyzed that altitude, pH, content of clay and silt, Mg⁺⁺, Ca⁺⁺, etc. directly or indirectly affect the distribution of plant communities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.382-393
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to research the vegetation structure of the Bongamsa Forest Genetic Resourses Resreve Area in Mt. Heuyang, Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do. For doing this, ninety-two plots($100m^2/plot$) were set up and investigated, and then Classification analysis and Ordination analysis were carried out. As a result, the vegetation of this area is divided to nine communities; Quercus mongolica community, Quercus variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus serrata community, Decideous broad leaf community, Pinus koraiensis community, Larix kaempferi community. To compare between the communities, statistical analyses were conducted with topographical condition and the results of the vegetational investigation of each community. In altitude, slope, the number of species, the number of individuals in canopy and the number of individuals of understory layer, the mean averages among the communities were different in statistically significance. Then we analysed the vegetation community structure with Importance Percentage of each stratum. The oak tree communities were expected to keep or expand the actual communities because oak trees are spread widely in canopy and understory layers. But the pine tree dominant communities were expected to be succeeded to oak tree communities in the future because of the wide expansion of oak trees.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.482-500
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the phytosociological vegetation structure through a sampling survey of Mt. Jirisan National Park. And it was conducted to provide the latest data for establishing a conservation and management plan for forest ecosystems. As a result of TWINSPAN classification, it was classified into 4 communities. Group I is the Fraxinus mandshurica - Acer pseudosieboldianum Community, group II is the Quercus serrata - Quercus variabilis Community, group III is the Quercus mongolica Community, group IV is the Pinus densiflora Community. Group I is dominated by Fraxinus mandshurica in the canopy layer, and Cornus controversa and Quercus mongolica compete and maintain dominance. Group II is dominated by Quercus variabilis and Quercus serrata in canopy layer, and Styrax obassia and Styrax japonicus compete in sub-tree layer. In group III, Quercus mongolica has a high dominance of 67% in canopy layer and 27% in the sub-tree layer, and Acer pseudosieboldianum competes with the Quercus mongolica in the sub-tree layer. In group IV, Pinus densiflora showed a high dominance of 74% in canopy layer. The sub-tree layer is dominated by Quercus mongolica, and is accompanied by competition between Carpinus tschonoskii and Fraxinus sieboldiana.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2008

Phytosociological study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of Humulus japonicus community in the Middle area of Korea. The vegetation data of total 67 $relev\acute{e}s$ were analyzed by the $Z\ddot{u}rich$-Montpellier school's method. Upper layer plant communities of Humulus japonicus were classified into four community groups : Humulus japonicus-Artemisia princeps community, Chenopodium album community, Setaria viridis-Echinochloa crus-galli community and Typical community. Lower layer plant communities were classified into five community groups : Galium spurium-Stellaria aquatica community, Equisetum arvense community, Persicaria theunbergii community, Echinochloa crus-galli-Digitaria ciliaris community and Typical community. According to the results of canonical correspondence analysis by vegetation and environmental factor, Setaria viridis-Echinochloa crus-galli community of upper layer was distributed throughout the soil with high relative light and soil hardness. Chenopodium album community appeared in the soil with high pH. Galium spurium-Stellaria aquatica community of lower layer was formed in the high soil pH. Persicaria theunbergii community and Echinochloa crus-galli-Digitaria ciliaris community were distributed in the soil with high moisture.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2024

This study was conducted to identify the community structure of two outstanding forest wetlands in Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, and to investigate their succession trends. vegetation survey was conducted using the Z-M phytosociological method From May to October, 2023, and based on this data, the Actual vegetation map was created by categorizing communities. This resulted in the classification of six communities. namely, Rhynchospora faberi community, Alnus japonica-Molinia japonica community, Ilex crenata-M. japonica community, M. japonica community, A. japonica-Pinus densiflora community and A. japonica community. The results of each layer's importance value (IV) analysis results indicated that in the R. faberi community, that of R. faberi, an obligate wetland plant, was high. In the subtree and shrub layers of the other five communities, A. japonica, a key species in wetland ecosystems, and Pinus densiflora and I. crenata, both obligate upland plants, exhibited higher IV. In the herb layer, the IV of M. japonica, a representative species of intermediate wetlands, was notably high. The results of classifying all observed plant species in the survey area based on their wetland preference revealed that in the R. faberi community, the occurrence rate of obligate wetland plants was high. However, in the other five communities, the occurrence rate of obligate upland plants was predominantly observed. Excluding the R. faberi community, in the other five communities constituting the outstanding forest wetlands, the occurrence rate of upland plants among the forest plants was high. It was observed that M. japonica which typically appears during the transition of wetlands to drier stages, was flourishing, indicating that the wetland was undergoing vegetation succession and terrestrialization.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.526-537
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• 2012

The study was carried out to classify forest vegetation structure of Mt. Guryong which is located in Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do province. 72 plots(quadrat) were investigated from July to August in 2010 using phytosociological analysis methodology of Z-M schools. The forest vegetation of the study area was classified as Quercus mongolica community group that was further divided into 5 communities; Pinus densiflora for. erecta community, Acer mono community, Quercus mongolica typical community, Larix leptolepis community and Pinus koraiensis community. Pinus densiflora for. erecta community was subdivided into Quercus variabilis group and Pinus densiflora for. erecta typical group. Acer mono community was also subdivided into Prunus maackii group and Deutzia glabrata group. The vegetation of the study areas could be described as 1 community group, 5 communities and 4 groups and 7 units in total. Classified vegetation units were highly correlated with altitude and topography. It was considered that forest tending operations for maintaining need to be continuously practiced for Quercus spp. with highly relative dominance value in the Pinus densiflora for. erecta community (vegetation units 1, 2).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

Community classification with TWINSP AN and analysis of forest community structure in Y${\breve{o}}$nkiam and Img${\breve{o}}$lry${\breve{o}}$ng areas were carried out to research forest vegetation. The forest communities in Yonkiam area were classified as Carpinus laxiflora - Quercus serrata community, Pinus densiflora - Styrax japonica community, Quercus aliena - Carpinus laxiflora community, Quercus aliena - Quercus serrata community. The forest communities in Img${\breve{o}}$lry${\breve{o}}$ng area were classified as Quercus mongolica - Carpinus laxiflora community, Quercus mongolica - Acer pseudosieboldianum community, Quercus mongolica - Abies koreana community, Quercus mongolica - Rhododendron schlippenbachii community. The dominant species in Y${\breve{o}}$nkiam area were Pinus densiflora, Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus serrata. Quercus aliena and Quercus variabilis. The dominant species in Img${\breve{o}}$lry${\breve{o}}$ng area were Quercus mongolica, Abies koreana, Acer pseudosieboldianum, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Tilia amurensis.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.109.2-109.2
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.131.2-131
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• 1999