• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.139-145
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• 2010

Since the beginning of 1960s, Korea has been advanced into Africa but we are much too late to extend its business in African Market due to lack of understanding about there. From being the latest Africa is understanding as 'Rising Sun & Post Brics' for Korea. As an advance strategy in Afrcan Market suggest to get international co-operation from ECA, OAU, IFC together with IMF & IBRD etc.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2020

Social co-operatives, which are working positively to realize the economic and social purpose of being carried out directly through products and services producing the public interest, are steadily expanding under the public interest mission of social co-operatives. It has important theoretical and practical significance to study the model of social co-operatives tailored to the local situation in Korea based on international experience. This study looks at the international status of social co-operatives, international cases, and puts forward problems and suggestions centering on cases of advanced countries. It sought to find a solution to what society required only by solving the problems necessary for sustainable economic growth. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the social cooperatives of advanced countries, such as Italy, Canada, and France, were organized, compared and analyzed. The study found that the implications of co-operatives in Italy, France and Canada are as follows. First, it is needed to adhere to the principles of co-operatives in pending issues such as social problems and employment and jobs in the community. Second, it is necessary to establish a supportive financial system for the cooperative's initial stability and sustainability. Third, the ecosystem of co-operatives should be formed to support and foster legal systems and network organizations.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-143
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• 2006

This paper illuminates the patterns of growth and declines in sizes of union membership in metal, chemical, financial, and auto transport sectors in three distinct periods during the last four decades from 1963 to 2003. This paper also calculates union densities in auto assembly, auto supply, and shipbuilding industries of the metal sector, cement, petroleum refining, and pharmaceutical industries of the chemical sector, private banking industry of the financial sector, and city bus industry of the auto transport sector. Such diversities in both sizes of union membership and union densities among sectors and industries turned out to be associated with attitudes and choices of employers and unions in interaction with sector- and industry-specific economic (growth stage and path), institutional (degrees of government intervention), and social (demographic features of employees and prevailing sizes of firms) environment. Such finding shows that theoretical reasonings on sizes of union membership and union densities across sectors and industries in advanced nations are also relevantly useful to analyze the Korean case.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.93-106
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• 2020

Trade is an important economic activity. In particular, since the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the scope of trade has been expanding due to events such as the entry of China into the WTO in 2001, the establishment of a multilateral trading system, mitigation and integration of trade barriers, and the establishment of the free trade agreement (FTA). Despite the expansion of the trade market, however, extreme events such as the 2008 global financial crisis, the 2016 Brexit, and the 2018 US-China trade war have had a direct negative impact on the trade market. Therefore, the present this study analyzed the dependence structure between the international shipping freight rate index, a variable representing trade activities, and the trade uncertainty between the US and China. The following is a summary of the analysis results. First, the US-Chinese trade policy uncertainty and international shipping freight rate index presented a Frank copula and rotated Clayton copula 270° distribution, respectively, showing the same distribution structure for each country. Second, the Kendall's tau correlation revealed a negative dependence between the international shipping freight rate index and US-Chinese trade policy uncertainty. The degree of dependence was greater in the combination of uncertainty in China's trade policy and international shipping freight rates. In other words, the dependence of global demand and trade policy uncertainty confirmed that China was stronger than the US. Finally, the tail dependence results revealed that the US-Chinese trade policy uncertainty and international shipping freight rates were independent of each other. This means that extreme events related to the trade policy uncertainty or international shipping rate index were not affected by each other.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2022

The subject of this paper is the practical examples of technoculture that critically thinks network technology, a strong material foundation in the era of data capitalism in the 21st century, and appropriates its socio-cultural metaphor as an artistic potential. In order to analyze its alternatives and the meaning of cultural politics, this paper examines the properties and influence of data capitalism after the 2008 global financial crisis, and the cultural and artistic context formed by its reaction. The first case considered in this paper, Furtherfield's workshop, provided a useful example of how citizens can participate in social change through learning and education in which art and technology are interrelated. The second case, Greek hackerspace HSGR, developed network technology as a tool to overcome the crisis by proposing a new progressive cultural commons due to Greece's financial crisis caused by the global financial crisis and a decrease in the state's creative support. The third case, Paolo Cirio's project, promoted a critical citizenship towards the state and community systems as dominant types of social governance. These technoculture cases can be evaluated as efforts to combine and rediscover progressive political ideology and its artistic realization tradition in the context of cultural politics, paying attention to the possibility of signifying practices of network technology that dominates the contemporary economic system.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.51-71
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• 2009

We pursue empirically influential determinants of risk-sharing across various groups in the United States. We consider all the possible combinations out of the eight BEA economic regions and relate the risk-sharing measure for each group to sectoral composition difference under the control of the state-level macroeconomic and financial characteristics. Our results show that more active risk-sharing via cross-ownership market is observed in groups exhibiting more different sectoral composition. The evidence implies that, given other economic and financial conditions equal, economic union tends to share more consumption risk among its members that are more heterogeneous in their sectoral composition. These days, many countries aim to form FTA and other forms of economic integration. We suggest that they should pay attention to sectoral composition for member countries to minimizes income shock in the integrated economy.

• 한국경호경비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.63-82
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• 2008

지난 10여 년 동안 대만사회의 가장 큰 변화 중 하나는 '개인 경비', 혹은 '개인 경호' 사업이 크게 발달했다는 것이다. 민간의 역량과 과학화된 설비로써 재산보호와 신변보호를 하고자 하는 개인 경비에는 여러 방식이 있다. 예를 들어 개인안전 경비(즉, 수행경호), 현금운송 경비, 주거경비, 상공업경비(여기에는 공장지대의 안전한 보호와 백화점, 금융기관, 보석상점 및 편의점 등의 경비가 포함됨), 그리고 각종 경비장치의 설치 등이 있다. 천징훼이(陳靜慧, 2006)는 대만의 경비 산업 경영형태에 대해 아래와 같이 분석하였다. 그의 주장에 따르면, 대만의 경비 산업은 일반 업무 위주로 하고 있으며, 여기에는 시스템 경비, 상근 경비, 현금 경비, 신변 경비가 있다고 밝혔다. 이 일반 업무는 일본, 미국, 독일의 형태와 유사하다. 그러나 미국과 독일의 경비회사들은 특수한 업무를 담당하고 있다. 미국의 경우 무장경비 현금수송, 신용조사 업무, 보험조사 업무, 거짓말 탐지 업무를 수행한다. 독일의 특수 업무에는 군대설비 경비, 교통지휘 및 질서 유지, 신속 고발 경비, 그리고 교도소 경비가 있다. 량신쩐(梁心禎, 2006)은 대만의 경비 산업 발전의 흐름에 대해 다음 세 단계로 구분했다. 제1단계는 1978년부터 1987년까지로 이 시기 대만은 일본 경비 사업 발전의 영향을 수용했기 때문에 일본의 경비사업 관리방식과 시스템 설비를 받아들여 점차 대만 방식의 경비 형태로 발전시켜 나갔다. 초기 발전단계의 경영방식은 주로 외국 기술과의 협력을 통한 시스템 경비가 주를 이루었다. 제2단계는 1988년부터 1997년까지인데, 이 시기에 이르러 경비 사업은 비인기 사업에서 인기 사업으로 시장이 확대되었고, 해외업체와의 활발한 기술 교류, 새로운 브랜드 개발과 경비 경영 방식의 혁신, 그리고 상근 경비와 수행경호와 같은 경비 관련 항목의 확장을 이루었다. 또한 이 시기에 수많은 경비회사들이 세워져 새로운 경쟁시대로 돌입하였다. 제3단계는 1998년부터 현재까지로 이전의 전통적인 건물경비 방식에서 경비와 부동산 관리 서비스를 함께하는 방식으로 경영 형태가 바뀌었고 전반적인 서비스 품질을 중시하기 시작하였다. 따라서 경비 사업자는 아파트 및 빌딩관리 보호 회사를 설립하여 이를 공동 경영하였으며, 전문적이고 종합적인 단계로 들어섰다. 대만 경비 교육제도의 설립과 제도화된 면허증 시스템 구축은 아직 초보적인 단계로써 여전히 이 두 방면의 발전을 강화시켜야 하는데, 교육과 심사를 시행하여 경비원의 소질을 향상시켜야 할 것이다. 경비사업자는 과학기술적인 통제 시스템을 받아들여 인건비를 낮추고 서비스의 범위와 품질을 향상시켜야 한다. 또한 각 지방의 노동조합은 정부가 법령을 개정하여 경비원의 자격제한과 업무를 보장해주도록 건의해야만 경호원의 대우와 이미지가 개선될 수 있다. 아울러 국제학술교류의 확대와 경비 관련 산업에 대한 토론회와 전시회를 자주 개최하여 새로운 지식을 습득해야 한다.