• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.53-82
• /
• 2018

The $14^{th}$ general election which should be held by August 2018 has been a dominant factor for Malaysian politics, economy, social changes and foreign policy in 2017. UMNO, the dominant party within the ruling governmental coalition, has focused on securing Malay support, voters which made them to sought political cooperation with PAS, Malaysia's Islamist opposition party. A consequent event followed by the strategic ties between the two parties is the rise of political Islam in Malaysia though PAS' 'Islamization' or 'desecularization' has never been adopted by UMNO. The rise of political Islam and Malay support have become the most important factor for the next election, which increasingly enhanced the role of 3R of Malaysia politics; Race, Religion, and Royalty. The Pakatan Harapan (PH), the newly formed opposition coalition without PAS, has elected Mahathir Mohamad, the former Prime Minister, as its candidate for prime minister. Malaysian economy and foreign policy seem to be subordinated to politics. Stabilizing ringgit and restoring economic growth enabled the Najib's government to reveal 'election budget' for 2018. Najib has spoken out Islam-related international issues including the Rohingya crisis and Jerusalem issue. It is to some extent the extension of domestic politics. The rise of political Islam will be a highly influential not only in the coming election but in the political and social development in the aftermath of the election.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
• /
• v.72
• /
• pp.293-316
• /
• 2022

This paper argues that Christian education for sustainability should be a spiritual education that fosters the spirituality of contentment, poverty, sharing, and justice through a critical review of the concept of "Sustainable Development" (SD), which emerged to overcome today's climate and ecological crisis. To this end, first of all, the efforts and limitations of international cooperation to overcome the deepening environmental problems will be considered. That is, economic interests have been prior to the environmental issues. When it comes to the 'Green Revolution,' there has been a huge gap between the ideal and the reality, so a sustainable society has become distant. Faced with this situation, Christian theology has been trying to build a new theological paradigm, breaking away from the limits of anthropocentric and afterlife-centered theology based on the dichotomy between the physical and the spiritual. Through such theological reflections, Christian education needs to carry out spiritual education focusing on how to deal with the problem of human greed for the restoration of the created world. In this regard, this paper presents the spirituality of contentment, poverty, sharing, and justice. For developing it, this article suggests deep theological reflection and repentance on human greed, listening to the victim's voice, moderation in consumption, investigation of alternative cases, and decisive action to reveal the truth from the victim's point of view.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2013

The Global Framework on Climate Services (GFCS) will guide the development of climate services that link science-based climate information and predictions with climate-risk management and adaptation to climate change. GFCS structure is made up of 5 pillars; Observations/Monitoring (OBS), Research/ Modeling/ Prediction (RES), Climate Services Information System (CSIS) and User Interface Platform (UIP) which are all supplemented with Capacity Development (CD). Corresponding to each GFCS pillar, the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) has been proposing "Global Initiatives in AgroMeteorology" (GIAM) in order to facilitate GFCS implementation scheme from the perspective of AgroMeteorology - Global AgroMeteorological Outlook System (GAMOS) for OBS, Global AgroMeteorological Pilot Projects (GAMPP) for RES, Global Federation of AgroMeteorological Society (GFAMS) for UIP/RES, WAMIS next phase for CSIS/UIP, and Global Centers of Research and Excellence in AgroMeteorology (GCREAM) for CD, through which next generation experts will be brought up as virtuous cycle for human resource procurements. The World AgroMeteorological Information Service (WAMIS) is a dedicated web server in which agrometeorological bulletins and advisories from members are placed. CAgM is about to extend its service into a Grid portal to share computer resources, information and human resources with user communities as a part of GFCS. To facilitate ICT resources sharing, a specialized or dedicated Data Center or Production Center (DCPC) of WMO Information System for WAMIS is under implementation by Korea Meteorological Administration. CAgM will provide land surface information to support LDAS (Land Data Assimilation System) of next generation Earth System as an information provider. The International Society for Agricultural Meteorology (INSAM) is an Internet market place for agrometeorologists. In an effort to strengthen INSAM as UIP for research community in AgroMeteorology, it was proposed by CAgM to establish Global Federation of AgroMeteorological Society (GFAMS). CAgM will try to encourage the next generation agrometeorological experts through Global Center of Excellence in Research and Education in AgroMeteorology (GCREAM) including graduate programmes under the framework of GENRI as a governing hub of Global Initiatives in AgroMeteorology (GIAM of CAgM). It would be coordinated under the framework of GENRI as a governing hub for all global initiatives such as GFAMS, GAMPP, GAPON including WAMIS II, primarily targeting on GFCS implementations.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
• /
• 1998.10b
• /
• pp.585-594
• /
• 1998

이미 전자상거래(EC)가 시간적ㆍ공간적 제약을 극복하고 국경을 초월한 새로운 교역시장 (Cyber Market)으로 등장하고 있으며 세계 자동차 산업은 표준부품의 공동개발 및 조달을 통해 중복투자 방지, 신차개발기간 단축 등 전략적 제휴를 통한 공조ㆍ공생체계 구축을 경쟁적으로 추진하고 있으나 국내 자동차업계는 제품개발, 부품조달, 판매 및 A/S 등 모든 부문을 독자적으로 해결함으로써 경쟁력 제고에 역행하는 경향이 있다. 또한 자동차 선진국과는 달리 국제 경쟁력 강화를 위한 CALS/EC 정보 기반 기술의 실질적인 활용이 미흡한 실정이다. 이러한 현실을 개선하기 위해 최근에 자동차공업협회(KAMA)와 현대, 대우, 기아 자동차 3사는 자동차 산업 CALS 추진 모델(Autopia)의 구축을 추진하고 있다. 추진 내용은 자동차 산업의 전체 Life-Cycle인 제품기획 단계부터 설계, 생산, 구매/조달, 고객지원 단계등 전 분야를 3개 부문(신차개발 프로세스, 구매조달 프로세스, 고객지원 서비스)으로 구분되어 있다. 신차개발 프로세스 부문은 차세대 PDM을 통하여 제품개발 사이클 단축을 추구하며 STEP을 통한 범용적 설계정보 교환 체계 구현이 기반이 된다. 또한 업무 흐름의 불투명성으로 인한 업무의 불균형 현상 타파와 설계 변경의 효율적 대응을 위하여 Workflow Management가 동시공학에 바탕을 두고 도입 적용되어야 한다. CAD 데이터를 비롯한 방대한 데이터의 효율적 관리를 위해서는 각 프로세스별로 독립된 정보를 체계적으로 관리할 수 있는 통합 환경(Integrated Data Environment)을 구성하여 각 프로세스에 걸쳐 데이터의 처리효율을 증대하여야 한다. 신차개발 부문의 핵심 기술이면서도 현업 적용이 초기 단계인 Digital Mockup과 Virtual Reality의 적용을 위해서는 3D 모델링이 기본 설계 방법으로 적용되어야 하며 이를 통한 어셈블리 및 부품구조의 관리가 이루어져야 한다. 구매조달 프로세스 부문은 자동차 업계의 공통 EDI/EC 네트워크 구축을 통한 경제적인 인프라 구조와 함께 부품 조달 체계의 간소화를 추구함으로써 자동차 산업의 대외 경쟁력 강화가 이루어 질 수 있다. 공개구매 시스템의 구축을 통하여 완성차별로 전속 계열화된 수직적인 부품조달 체계와 업체간 정보공유의 폐쇄성을 제거할 수 있고 완전 경쟁에 의한 우량 협력업체 발굴 기회의 확대가 용이하다. 이를 통하여 궁극적으로는 Global Vendor망의 구축이 실현될 것이다. 종합물류 시스템이 구현되면 판매는 경쟁체제, 물류는 공동화가 됨으로써 국가적으로 물류 비용의 절감이 엄청날 것으로 예상된다. 전국에 산재되어 있는 1,000여개의 대리점과 7,000여개의 정비업소를 대상으로 한 정비부품 EDI/EC 시스템이 구축되면 고객 서비스의 효율 향상과 함께 정비업소의 물류 및 재고 비용의 감소, 조달 속도의 향상, 조달 업무의 간소화 등의 효과를 보게 될 것이다. 고객지원 서비스는 정비정보 시스템, 산업정보 시스템, 쇼핑몰 시스템, 등록대행 시스템등을 통하여 일반 국민들이 피부로 느낄 수 있는 시스템으로 구축 되어야 할 것이다.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.10
• /
• pp.323-354
• /
• 2005

As with the vast array of computer technology and its rapid development, along with the entry of the internet as one of the necessities of life, the so-called cyber space has become a vital component of our modern day living. While such cyber space has provided the society with much convenience and utility as to the gathering and acquiring of information, crimes involving cyber space has accordingly increased in both number and form, Nevertheless, the conventional law as existed before the development of the cyber space were unable to meet the demands of this new breed of crime, which inevitably led to the gap in the government ability to punish such criminals, Thus, in response to the rising number of cyber crimes, a large number of nations have either created or is in the process of committing human and financial resources to strengthen the investigative powers relating to cyber crimes and creating a new area of prohibiting such crimes. As a overview of cyber crime, (1)defines the terms, describes features of cyber crime, (2)explains the international prevention necessity of cyber crime, and (3)the necessity of legislating the cyber crime Fundamental Act (4)the recognition of the evidential values on the confiscated electronic records and reviews types of cyber crime including cyberterror. Lastly, emphasizes necessity on international cooperation for prevention of cyber crime as usual.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.11
• /
• pp.61-86
• /
• 2006

Various terrorism in modern society against nation's dignitaries are constantly existing. They damage severely to the society and the nation's security, and they cause disorganizations of social and national rule orders. In order to provide the key figures' perfect protection, the threatening terroizing environment for primary leaders and the route of terrorism should be intercepted. Effective methods of these are summarized as follow. First, recent terrorism against the primary leaders are mostly assassinations, bomb attacks, and suicide bomb attacks, which terminate in a moment. Therefore, security service agents should keep in mind that protection is the best, and government's anti-terrorism agencies should develop policies and set the directions within a new paradigm to the advance anti-terrorism. Second, advance prevention activities against nation's VIP terrorism should be strengthened, such as strengthening security informational activities, constructing cooperative systems of domestic and international facilities, considering continuous system to prevent terrorism, and intensifying safety counterplans of human and material weak points. Third, international cooperative system should be set to apply economical and political sanctions to nations which support terror organizations in direct or indirect ways, and this system needs to strengthen the punishment against terrorists. Fourth, security systems to protect nation's primary leaders should complement, and developing programs for coping with the terrorism and establishing laws for anti-terrorism should be made. Also, educational training of agents who perform anti-terrorism duties should be strengthened, and scientific techniques and equipment for security should be made to protect primary leaders from terrorism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.43-56
• /
• 2007

Since the 1970s, along with an increasing number of motor vehicles in Korea, road crashes and casualties started to increase and eventually resulted in a serious public health problem starting from the beginning of the 1990s. Government authorities, however, have been not so proactive with reducing road crashes and injuries as well as deaths and have been reluctant to design effective safety strategies that could be established in collaboration with relevant multidisciplinary professionals. This paper aims at showing the status of road safety versus socioeconomic development in Korea and highlighting safety strategies that particularly need the participation of medical professionals. Six indicators to measure socioeconomic development and two indices for road safety were examined and international comparisons were made, finding road safety in Korea has been not corresponding to its level of development. The imbalance between socioeconomic development and road safety will certainly require the government authorities to look for effective safety strategies necessitating cooperation and collaboration with relevant experts including medical professionals. To make a provision for such needs in the near future, studies and experiences previously reported in the literature of traffic medicine and the world congresses of the International Traffic Medicine Association since 1984 were reviewed and categorized to focus on the strategies as well as measures that would be most effective in a mid-income country such as Korea.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.56
• /
• pp.175-193
• /
• 2011

This study explored how South Korean newspapers covered North Korea's second nuclear test in May of 2009. Findings show that South Korean newspapers mostly reported North Korea's nuclear experiment in relatively negative tones. Their coverage mainly focused on the influences of nuclear threat from the North on the military, political and economic areas in South Korea. However, the media's agenda settings and frames were not similar in terms of each paper's political and ideological inclination. Whereas the progressive papers, such as the Hankyoreh and the Kyunghyang Shinmun, recognized that the current nuclear issue in Korean peninsula is getting worse because of South Korea's rigorous pressure on North Korea, the conservative papers, such as the Chosun Ilbo and the Donga Ilbo, see that the deadlock between North and South mainly comes from the system malfunction of North Korea. To prevent the current impasse, the left-side papers emphasized to develop the six-party talk in dealing with North Korean issue, while the right-wing papers paid attentions to the West's sanctions on North Korea and ensuring national security.

• Korea and Global Affairs
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.39-76
• /
• 2019

This paper is to analyze the trend and implications of the publication of China's defense and security white papers. To this end the paper is composed of 5 chapters titled instruction; publication details and composition of China's defense and security white paper; the gist of the white paper on national defense and security during the Chinese president Xi Jinping era; the implications of Chinese white paper on national defense and security during the Chinese president Xi Jinping era; and conclusion. The Chinese Ministry of National Defense had published seven books every two years since 1998 to 2010. In 1995, the ministry published a white paper titled 'China's arms control and disarmament' for the first time. In 2013, it published a white paper titled 'The Diversified Employment of China's Armed Forces' and 'China's Military Strategy' in 2015. All have the common characteristic of being a propaganda policy reflecting China's strategic calculations. It seems that China has began to publish defense white papers in a proactive manner, due to the following factors: (1)pressure on China to demand military transparency from neighboring countries such as the United States; (2)the erosion of the 'China threat.' and (3)confidence in the achievement of China's military modernization. The 'active defensive strategy' and the 'strong defense strategy' of Si Jinping are implied in the words "China's dream is a dream of a powerful country and dream of a strong nation is essential to construct a strong nation." His these strategies have raised security concerns for neighboring countries. We need to maintain and reinforce strong ROK-US security cooperation, and hedging strategies to harmoniously promote ROK-China economic cooperation.

• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.181-212
• /
• 2018

In 2017, the government of Duterte, in the second year of the ruling, more strongly promoted peace and order policies and expressed independent diplomacy as the chairman of ASEAN. He continued to fight against drugs and tried to increase his political legitimacy through the punishment for corrupt officials. He also declared martial law in the Mindanao region because of the dissolution of the Maute group, a Muslim terrorist organization, and strengthened counterterrorism cooperation externally. In addition, as to Communist militants, he took the initial reconciliation gesture and promoted peace negotiations, however, concluded the peace tide and started the suppression operation due to a series of bloodshed. He still has a strong drive in peace and order issues, backed up by high support rate, but it is becoming a factor of anxiety as the socioeconomically underprivileged and minority groups are increasingly alienated. As the chairman of ASEAN, Duterte has a certain distance from the United States, which is a firm ally, but has turned to increase familiarity with China and Russia, which can take substantial economic benefits. Through diversifying the external economic support and increase of tax revenue, the priority task was to establish the infrastructure. Although the Philippines, which has a high economic growth rate, has a strong expectation that it can establish a solid infrastructure, tax reforms should be successfully completed in order not to repeat the previous failures, which has traditionally increased foreign debt burden by relying on external resources. It seems that it is necessary to find the meeting point of the foreign policy of Duterte and new Korean government's New Southern Policy, and to find possible economic cooperation policies to improve Philippine infrastructure.