• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 2021

This experiment was conducted to compare effects of summer pruning at different times and dormant pruning on shoot growth and yield of northern highbush blueberry. Using 7 (2018) to 9 (2020) years old 'Duke' bushes grown in 180 L containers, summer pruning was treated on June 20 (around 30 days after harvest), July 20, and August 20 consecutively in both 2018 and 2019 removing 30% of the total woods, while dormant pruning (conventional) was on January 20 in both 2019 and 2020. Summer pruning reduced shoot growth the following year, especially when treated in late summer. Total shoot length per bush decreased to 47%, 37%, and 33% on October 15, 2020 in June, July, and August pruning, respectively, compared with that of dormant pruning. Summer pruning at different times in 2018 and 2019 did not affect berry characteristic in the following year. Yield per bush was not significantly changed in 2019, but it decreased by 21 to 38% in 2020 in the summer pruning treatments compared with 2.9 kg of the dormant pruning. It was concluded that consecutive summer pruning in 'Duke' under unheated plastic house could weaken the shoot growth with reducing yield.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.244-249
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• 2021

The hydroponic culture for growing 'Duke' blueberry was evaluated in a protective greenhouse provided with similar environmental conditions to the conventional blueberry cultivations. One year old 'Duke' blueberry bushes planted in 180 L containers filled with 130 L peat moss and 40 L pearlite (v/v) were selected for the experiment. A nutrient solution consisted with NO₃-N 4.6, NH₄-N 3.4, PO₄-P 3.3, K 3, Ca 4.6, and Mg 2.2 mmol^-1 was supplied to the plants, comparing non-hydroponic treatment (provided with only underground water). Hydroponic culture increased number of shoot per bush by 18% and total shoot length by 24% compared with non-hydroponic culture. Total dry weight of a bush increased in the hydroponic with vigorous root growth 1.4-fold more than the non-hydroponic. Higher concentrations of inorganic elements and organic compounds were found in the hydroponic, indicating active nutrient absorption of the bush. The hydroponic produced high yield similar to adult bush from 4 years old age, maintaining the yield until 8 years old age. The findings of this study indicated that hydroponic cultivation systems will be useful for growing blueberry crop.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-139
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• 2021

Technical documents in the construction field are changing from paper documents to electronic ones. As a result, the industry witnesses a trend of using portable electronic devices in searching or retrieving necessary information such as relevant regulations. Despite the improvement in the accessibility to general technical documents, a limitation is still found in accessing the electronic documents on the regulations. We see the barrier for field engineers to enhance their technical knowledge. One of major barriers is that videos, animations, and virtual reality information to enhance the visual understanding of technical content related to regulations are not linked. It is the interactive electronic technical manual (IETM) that can address such issues. The IETM is an electronic document system that enables real-time information acquisition while operating in the form of conversations with users by linking multimedia functions to document types such as specifications and guidelines. This study establishes a model of the IETM that can be operated in the planning stage of a construction project. The study also verifies its usability with a hypothetical case study. This study aims to improve the usability of the IETM in the construction project by analyzing the application effect of the IETM using the AHP technique.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 2021

It is necessary to set a management period by analyzing growth trends for individual species because the time taken for planted trees to become established differs by species. The purpose of this study was to suggest an appropriate management period through the analysis of the annual growth of Pinus densiflora planted in the riverine eco belt. The average annual growth before planting was 0.6cm. The growth after planting showed an increase of 0.3cm in the 1st and 2nd year, 0.5cm in the 3rd and 4th year, and 0.7cm after the 5th year. Since P. densiflora was confirmed to go through poor growth stages in the 1st and 2nd year, a recovery stage in the 3rd and 4th year, and a normal growth stage in the 5th year, management should pay more attention to improve inappropriate environmental conditions until at least the 4th year, unlike the growth of hardwood. Since the period required for activation by species may vary, the management period of each species will need to be set through growth research.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.147-154
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• 2021

Recently, it has been observed that as the level of Science and Technology in Korea is improving, the demand for technology transfer from overseas buyers is also increasing. A technical value is an important factor for the technology transfer process and the valuation of technology should be performed reasonably. Specifically, a non-economical value has to be examined thoroughly when conducting the valuation for a technology that depends on public values. Since public technology has public benefit as its purpose when compared to technology from the private sector, its discount rate should be appropriately assessed and reflected in its valuation process. In this context, this study presents the methodology of valuation of public technology particularly relating to the transfer of technology from the national defense industries. To be specific, both an application method of the discount rate according to the characteristics and the purpose of the target technology and a qualitative and quantitative evaluation method to reflect the public values are presented. The proposed method for the valuation of defense technology could be used practically both in strengthening bargaining capability based on the reasonably derived technical values for transfer of national defense technology abroad and in the compilation of budgets for technology development in the future.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2020

Pheromone-based techniques are becoming a viable strategy of insect pest management as facilitated by the exponential increase in numbers of pheromone identifications from many insect pests. This is the report on the efficacy of pheromone-mediated chemical communication disruption (PCD) technique against the Korean population of smaller clearwing moths, Synanthedon tenuis (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) using its female sex pheromone component, (Z, Z)-3, 13-octadecadien-1-ol. The PCD trials were carried out four times during 2016 and 2017 in persimmon orchards located at Suncheon and Jinju Cities in Korea, and the PCD efficacy was expressed as the mean differences in the seasonal catches of S. tenuis males in the PCD and control plots. The seasonal male moth catches in monitoring traps installed in the PCD plots were significantly lower as compared with those installed in the control plots. Consequently, the PCD efficacy in the experimental orchards ranged from 95.2-100% with an average efficacy of 98.8 ± 1.2%, revealing a future possibility of pheromone-based management of S. tenuis.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2022

Based on the theoretical review of social cooperatives and the results of the fourth round of fact-finding, this study tried to discuss the sustainability of social co-operatives from the social, economic, and environmental aspects, focusing on the seven principles of co-operatives. The issue of sustainability is "a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, the use of resources, the direction of investment, technological advances and institutional change in harmony with one another. as defined as "a process of change that advances the needs and desires of all future generations". It contains the meaning of connecting a sustainable society to future generations through harmony and balance, rather than opposing concepts of social value, environmental conservation, and economic growth. As a result of arranging the concept of social, economic, and environmental sustainability contained in sustainable development, and the seven principles of cooperatives and their connections, I would like to suggest the following about the sustainability of social cooperatives. First, efforts should be made for social contribution closely related to the local community. Second, it is necessary to create a profit model along with the public interest. Third, partnerships should be strengthened. When examining the public values and objectives that social cooperatives want to realize through this study, the three scopes of sustainable development are directly related to the role of important actors in pursuing social and economic values that social and economic organizations are facing. would. Therefore, the sustainability issue of social cooperatives is based on the concept that the goals and values pursued by social cooperatives are harmonious and balanced development in the environmental, social, and economic aspects, not only their own efforts but also the institutional support of the government. this will have to be presented.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2022

This study was intended to suggest the applicability of stepped boulder fishway using the concept of traditional boulder weir, focusing on the problems of existing concrete pool-and-weir fishways installed in mountain streams. To achieve this purpose, a stepped boulder fishway was designed and constructed as a pilot project in consideration of ascending capacity of the selected target fishes. Under the given discharge conditions, the hydraulic characteristics of the fishway were investigated in the field, and the characteristics and ascending capacity of the fishes were compared and analyzed. The fishway had a short length and steep slope, but the mean drops between each baffle were the range of 0.15 to 0.29 m, and this range satisfied the limit condition of about 0.40 m, which was in the limit of the drop that target fishes can ascend. The mean velocities of each baffle and pool were 0.82 to 0.87 m/sec and 0.13 to 0.24 m/sec. This result satisfied the conditions of burst speed (10 to 30 times of body length) and mean velocity of the resting pool (7 to 25% of burst speed) for target fishes. Since the bottom surface of the pool formed of boulders had a gentle reverse slope and rotational flow did not occur, the efficiency of fishway can be increased, and it will also be possible to solve the maintenance problem by flushing bed materials.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.318-325
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of zebularine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, on the chromosomal association between homoeologous chromosomes in the wheat genetic background. Zebularine at a final concentration of 10 µM was used to treat the spikes of the double monosomic wheat addition line (DMA) with one Leymus mollis chromosome and one Leymus racemosus chromosome, both of which were in a homoeologous relationship. In late prophase, zebularine led to chromosome breakage in the Leymus homoeologous chromosomes. Chromosome breakage caused an increase in the frequency of chromosomal associations between the Leymus homoeologous chromosomes. Ordinary DMA showed 65 cells (35.3%) with chromosomal associations and 119 cells (64.7%) with no association, whereas treated DMA showed 102 cells (60.0%) with chromosomal associations and 67 cells (39.4%) with no association. In diakinesis, the Leymus bivalent showed a chromosomal association in the whole euchromatic region. In metaphase, the Leymus bivalent showed association in the whole chromosomal region, unlike other Leymus bivalents with partial chromosomal association. Chromosomal association by chromosome breakage occurred not only between Leymus chromosomes but also between Leymus and wheat chromosomes. The frequency of other chromosomal association (such as fusion and insert) was increased. Chromosome breakage by zebularine treatment is a useful method at the chromosome level as the spores with others are hereditary stable, although the homologous index (h) was not significantly different between ordinary DMA and treated DMA. It is necessary to study how to control zebularine treatment with a more stable concentration for chromosome breakage during meiosis.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

This study investigated what the general public thinks about the shipping industry and how important it is. As a result of the study, more than half of the respondents answered that they knew a little about the shipping industry or that they were normally knew about the shipping industry. Regarding the necessity of budget input to prevent bankruptcy of national shipping companies, it was found that more than half of the respondents answered that it was necessary or moderate. Regarding the necessity of maintaining a national shipping companies, 53% of respondents said it was necessary, and 23% of respondetns said it was normal. However, when asked if they thought that maintaining a national shipping companies would benefit me and my family, 39% of respondetns answered "normal" and 28% of respondetns answered "mostly". As for the cause of Hanjin Shipping's bankruptcy, 49% of respondents said that the owners' family members were immoral and incompetent, and 17.4% of respondetns said that the shipping market conditions deteriorated. Regarding the necessity of fostering the shipping industry, foreign currency acquisition and service balance improvement through export of shipping services accounted for 43.5%, and smooth transportation of import and export cargo accounted for 36.5%. When asked what kind of damage I suffered from Hajin Shipping's bankruptcy, 54.6% answered other (not much), and 14.5% said inflation. Abouve these results, this study gave implication in terms of public promotion and transparent business management.