• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.62
• /
• pp.9-33
• /
• 2020

This study presents aspects of the financing of terrorism using virtual-currencies. Fisrt of all, this introduces the conventional threat of the financing of terrorism and the analysis of current legal system regarding virtual-currency in South Korea. Next, the financing of terrorism cases are analyzed. With given analysis, the paper deals with its response and future extensions by technical and institutional aspects. The threats of the financing of terrorism are going higher after the appearance of virtual-currencies such as Bitcoin. There are two typical ways to use virtual-currencies by terrorist groups. One is to conduct public fund-raising in the social network system and the dark web. The other is to hack into virtual-currency exchange network in order to steal virtual currencies for developing the weapon of mass destruction. Specifically South Korea is top three country of trading virtual currencies and has been subject to virtual-currency hacking more than 10 cases. However, many countries including South Korea deal with virtual currencies as only innovative technology and means of investment, not the threats of the financing of terrorism. Under these circumstances, there a the legal contradiction. This article points this limit and absurdity. Also, it shows reasonable alternatives. All in all, given these aspects, the article proposes detailed policy directions.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 2020

Chemical terrorism using toxic and flammable gases, which could be fatal to the health of the human body, poses a serious threat to the security of most advanced countries, as well as those that are suffering from local disputes, due to the asymmetric information that exists between terrorist actors and victims. The countermeasures against chemical terrorism can be roughly divided into three stages: prevention, response, and probation. The critical factors for each professional response agency, and the personnel that determine the degree and range of chemical terrorism damage, are performing missions successfully in the process of the prevention and the response stage against chemical terrorism. To do this, conducting objective and systematical assessments on facilities that could potentially be the subject of chemical terrorism is more important than anything. In this study, we compared the existing domestic and foreign vulnerable classification systems for chemical terrorism, reviewed the current direction of improvement in domestic classification systems, and suggested more scientific and systematic methodologies through the vulnerability assessment on an actual public facility sample.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.20
• /
• pp.271-289
• /
• 2009

In e-terrorism, terrorists use cyber spaces including the internet in order to strike terror into the heart of a nation. It is revealed that recently happening terror cases use cyber spaces as a strategic tool. This research aims to investigate efficient countermeasures against various types of terror attacks made by terrorists and their cyber networking, in order to contribute to the prevention of terrors from a modern standpoint. Based on the results of the investigation, relevant problems are suggested such that terrors are not cases happening in a specific country only because they take place in cyber spaces, that hacking incidents frequently happen in Korea which is used as a footstool by foreign hackers, and that Korea has poor professional security manpower and foundational facilities in comparison with other advanced countries. Answers to the problems include cultivating cyber information manpower to cope with e-terrorism, making an appropriate budget, setting up networks to integrate and systematize anti-e-terrorism organizations, and intensifying the collection of information of cyber attacks and the analysis of the information.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.9
• /
• pp.99-131
• /
• 2005

Terrorism which became today's common phenomena over the world is one of the most serious threats the world confront. Although International society make and operate outstanding anti-terrorism system, terror would never end without solving fundamental problems. The main body of terrorism converts from nation to organization and from organization to cell, which makes it difficult for us to recognize the main body. Since the target of today's new terrorism is many and unspecified persons, terrorists will never hesitate to use mass destruction weapons such as nuclear, biological, chemical weapons, and also use cyber-technique or cyber-terrorism. So, effective counter-terrorism measures should be performed as follows. First, it must be better for international society should make long-time plan of solving fundamental problems of terrorism other than to operate directly on terror organization and its means. Second, preventive method should be made. The most effective method of eradicating terrorism is prevention. For this, it is necessary to remove environmental elements of terrorism and terrorist bases, and to stop inflow of money and mass destruction weapons to terrorists. Third, integrated anti-terror organization should be organized and operated for continuous counter-terrorism operations. Also international alliance for anti-terrorism should be maintained to share informations and measures. Fourth, concerned department in the government should prepare counter-terrorism plans in their own parts as follows and make efforts to integrate the plans. - Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs : conventional terror - Ministry of Health and Welfare : bio-terror - Ministry of Science and Technology : nuclear-terror Especially, they should convert their policy and operation from post-terror actions to pre-terror actions, designate terror as national disaster and organize integrated emergency response organization including civil, government, and military elements. In conclusion, pre-terror activities and remedy of fundamental causes is the best way to prevent terror. Also, strengthening of intelligence activities, international cooperations, and preventive and comprehensive counter-measures must not ignored.

• Review of KIISC
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2010

인터넷 및 컴퓨터 시스템의 급격한 발전으로 인해 네트워크를 통한 서비스 제공이 금융, 교통, 산업, 방송, 의료 등 사회기반에 전반적으로 사용되고 있다. 이와 함께 네트워크의 취약점을 악용한 사이버 공격이 증가하고 있어 사회 전반적인 부분에 피해를 입힐 수 있는 중대한 위협요인으로 등장하고 있다. 이와 같은 사이버 공격이 테러리즘 등 특정 목적과 결부될 경우 국가 안전보장에 대한 위기를 초래하는 등 심각한 문제가 될 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 사이버테러의 개요 및 국내 외 사이버테러 동향에 대해 알아보고, 각 국가별 대응방안에 대해 알아본다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2013.11a
• /
• pp.111-112
• /
• 2013

최근 연평도 포격사건과 같은 북한의 무력공격이나 고밀집시설의 대규모화에 따른 재난사고, 한반도의 기후 온난화 영향에 따른 자연재해에 의한 화생방(CBRNE)피해와 구조 활동의 제약 등으로 인한 막대한 인명 및 재산 피해가 발생가능성과 국외적으로는 911테러, 7.7런던테러 등 다양한 테러사건이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 화생방테러에 총괄적으로 대응하는 노력은 시급한 국가적 과제로 대두되고 있다. 이에 대한 피해저감방안으로 불특정 다수에게 일어날 수 있는 화생방테러에 맞서 교육훈련 프로그램 개발이 필요하여, 본 연구에서는 국내외 화생방 훈련프로그램 분석을 통하여 한국형 화생방 프로그램 컨텐츠를 인지, 기초, 중급, 고급과정으로 구분하여 국내 실정에 맞는 프로그램을 제안하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.31-34
• /
• 2010

2001년 9.11 사태 이후, 미국과 우방국들은 본격적으로 테러와의 전쟁을 시작하게 되었다. 국제화 시대의 흐름에 따라 국내의 외국인의 영향력이 커져가고 있고, 2011년 11월 11일 서울에서 개최되는 G20 세계정상회의를 앞둔 시점에서 테러에 대한 사전 대응이 중요해졌다. 이를 위해 민 관 군이 협력하여 다양한 정책과 활동을 벌이고 있는데, 데이터 마이닝의 기법 중 신경망 기법을 이용하여 효율적이고 기계적으로 잠재적 테러리스트를 식별하는 방법을 제안한다. 신경망 기법은 인간의 두뇌를 모델로 등장하였고, 입력 자료를 통해 학습한다는 것이 특징이다. 이 신경망을 여러 기관에서 발표한 테러리스트들의 정보를 입력 자료로 변환하여 학습시킨 뒤, 검증을 거쳐 실전에 적용하는 것이 본 논문에서 제안하는 신경망 기법 적용의 목표이다. 개인정보보호에 관한 법률 및 방법론이 보완된다면 실전에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 정보보호뉴스
• /
• s.124
• /
• pp.22-23
• /
• 2008

지난해 등장한 정보보호 관련 사건의 특징 중 하나는 금전적 이익을 목적으로 한 사이버 범죄가 본격적으로 등장했다는 점이다. 이런 유형의 범죄는 비단 국내뿐만이 아니라, 미국, 유럽 등 전 세계적인 관심사로 떠올랐다. 이런 의미에서 지난 10월 경찰청 주최로 개최된 '국제 사이버테러 대응 공동심포지움' 참석차 한국을 방문한 독일 BKA소속 Mirko Manske로부터 독일 및 EU 지역의 사이버 범죄 현황에 대한 의견을 들어봤다. Mirko Manske는 독일 연방 범죄 경찰국(Bundeskr-iminalant, BKA) 소속으로 지난 2006년부터 국내 경찰청 사이버테러대응센터에 해당하는 BKA 내 National High Tech Crime Unit(NHTCU)의 정보분석 및 수집 전문가로 활동하고 있다

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.8
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2020

Chemical terrorism and accidents using chemicals are continuously occurring and attempted in and out of the country. In Korea, the National Institute of Chemical Safety affiliated with Ministry of Environment employs the CARIS(Ver. 2018) to assess the damage impact range for field-based response against chemical terrorism and accidents. However, the current version of CARIS can not consider the effects of closed space such as indoor and underground, so it is difficult to provide accurate evaluation results for damage impact range required for field response, on top of the limited information available. The limitations and directions for improvement were studied by comparing and reviewing the evaluation results of the damage impact range obtained by driving CARIS (Ver. 2018) and the domestic and foreign literature. Proposed improvements also included the direction of information provided to residents, including the need to build modeling for special points, such as underground, indoor, etc., and on-site response personnel. It is expected that through the continuous supplementation and correction of CARIS, chemical terrorism and accident response capability system will be advanced further.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.36
• /
• pp.293-316
• /
• 2013

Today's high-rise buildings are increasing concern about the safety and evacuation of people related to the fire and threat from outside. Terrorism breaking out in high-rise buildings, a symbol of the national economy results in a number of casualties, economic loss, social fear and damage to national status. That's why high-rise building has also emerged as a target of major terrorist attacks, compared to other types of buildings. We have 54 high-rise buildings in 15 regions over the country. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Seoul Metropolitan Government have offered the guidelines to prevent terrorist attacks toward high-rise buildings. Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has developed and taken advantage of the Risk Management Manual Series. According to this manual, pre-assessment is conducted for the prevention of terrorism and particularly in FEMA 455, risk of the surrounding areas, vulnerability, possibility from terrorist attacks are checked. After the check, experts classify the risk of terrorist attacks toward the high-rise buildings and according to the risk classification, architects, security experts and structure engineers can carry out terrorism prevention program for high-rise buildings. The U.K. NaCTSO has also offered the terrorism prevention guidelines. Therefore, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Seoul Metropolitan Government should make more concrete guidelines for high-rise buildings such as what U.S. FEMA and U.K. NaCTSO implement, including prior evaluation technique for terrorism risk.