• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.102-115
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• 2015

Several emergy researches have been carried out to estimate the value of marine ecosystem services in Korea over the last decade. Their results cannot be compared mainly due to inconsistency in emergy-money ratios used to convert emergy unit into monetary unit. This study aimed at providing a standardized format for the emergy evaluation of the Korean economy and environment for different emergy evaluations to be compatible. Even though the area of the continental shelf increased in this study compared to those of previous studies, areaweighted average tidal range for the entire continental shelf of Korea resulted in smaller tidal range, decreasing the final emergy input from tide. However, emergy inputs from nonrenewable resources and purchased goods and services increased with new categorization and use of more detailed data, combined with updated unit emergy values. This led to higher emergy-money ratio for the Korean economy, indicating that previous emergy valuations might have overestimated the contributions of marine ecosystem to the real wealth of the Korean society. The base year for gross domestic product used in the emergy evaluation needs to be clearly indicated due to its impact on the calculation of the emergy-money ratio. A standardized emergy table for the Korean economy will contribute to ensuring consistency among future emergy researches on the valuation of marine ecosystem services.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1712-1717
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• 2008

Volatile flavor compounds of onions were analyzed and compared during storage at $0.5^{\circ}C$, which harvested in 6 regions, such as Muan, Buan, Andong and 3 regions of Changnyeong (Yueo, Jangma and Seongsan). A total of 45 compounds were detected in samples by solid phase microextraction (SPME)/GC/MSD, consisting mainly of sulfur-containing compounds (21), aldehydes (13), ketones (2) and miscellaneous compounds (9). The sulfur-containing compounds were major compounds with ranges of $66.9{\sim}86.9%$ of total volatiles in 0 day of storage as regardless of harvested regions. Three regions (Yueo, Seongsan and Muan) had high amounts of over 4,043 ng/g in 0 day of storage, whereas 2 regions (Muan and Yueo) only had amounts of over 2,400 ng/g after 60 days of storage. Five sulfur-containing compounds known as having antioxidant activity (2,4-, 2,5-dimetylthiophene, 2-vinyl-1,3-dithiane, 5-methoxy thiazole and 3,5-diethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane and isomer) were the high levels in 3 regions (Yueo, Seongsan and Muan) during 60 day of storage. These 3 regions had also the highest amounts in 5 sulfur-containing compounds known as having anticarcinogenic activity ((Z)-, (E)-methyl propenyl disulfide, (Z)-, (E)-propenyl propyl disulfide, and di-2-propenyl disulfide) and kept same trend after 60 days of storage.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.217-221
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• 2007

The domestic cultured Campbell's Early and Geubong grapes were fermented far the production of red wines with the isolated wild yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae IJ850. For the isolation of wild yeast, Geubong and Campbell's Early grapejuices were naturally fermented at room temperature for 6 days without adding stater culture. The strain isolated from Geubong which has 1.8 times higher fermentative ability than the strains isolated Campbell Early was selected. The selected strain was identified by using 26S rDNA sequencing. The strain showed 99.7% of similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and thus identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae IJ850. It was investigated the fermentative ability as the start culture. For the production of grapewine, the final sugar concentrations of grapejuices were adjusted to the $25^{\circ}Brix$ with anhydrous glucose. The grapejuices were fermented at room temperature for 10 days in the air-locked bottles filled with $CO_2$ gas. The final yield and alcohol concentration of Campbell's Early and Geubong grapewines fermented with the isolated wild yeast were 80.8%, 11.0% and 87.8%, 13.0%, respectively. Between the isolated wild yeast S. cerevisiae IJ850 and the commercial yeast S. cerevisiae EC1118, total acidities of grapewines produced with wild yeast were lower than those produced with the commercial yeast. The pH values and the values of color analysis of grapewines produced with both strains were similar. The total phenol contents of campbell's Early and Geubong wines produced with the isolated yeast and the commercial yeast were obtained in the range of 75 to 125mg/L. In conclusion, S. cerevesiae IJ850 isolated from the domestic cultured Geubong grape is able to use to produce grapewines as stater culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2008

The protein profiles of domestic potato cultivars were evaluated for total protein determination, amino acid composition, SDS-PAGE analysis and scanning densitometry. There were statistically significant differences in the levels of amino acids among potato cultivars. Total nitrogen amount was also significantly different among cultivars, ranging from 1.27 to 1.64%. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that there were significant differences in the content of major potato proteins such as papatin (40 kDa), trypsin inhibitor (20 kDa) and protease inhibitor (15 kDa) among cultivars (p<0.05). The amount of papatin among cultivars with a range of 22.16 to 25.81 mg/g d.w. was higher in Jopung, Shepody and Superior, whereas the amount of protease inhibitors including 15 kDa and 20 kDa was the highest in Jopung (37.0%). The Shepody contains the highest amount of papatin (25.8%) and the lowest of trypsin inhibitor (5.22%). Thus, it is suggested that Shepody is the most desirable cultivar for better nutrition based on the protein profile.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.313-332
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• 2014

With the increased creation, distribution, and use of image in context of the development of digital technologies and internet, research endeavors have accumulated drastically. As two dominant aspects of image retrieval have been considered content-based and concept-based image retrieval, concept-based image retrieval has been focused in the field of Library and Information Science. This study aims to systematically review the accumulated research of image retrieval from the perspective of LIS field. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, two data sets were prepared: a total of 282 image retrieval research papers from Web of Science, and a total of 35 image retrieval research from DBpia in Kore for comparison. For data analysis, systematic review methodology was utilized with bibliographic analysis of individual research papers in the data sets. The findings of this study demonstrated that two sub-areas, image indexing and description and image needs and image behavior, were dominant. Among these sub-areas, the results indicated that there were emerging areas such as collective indexing, image retrieval in terms of multi-language and multi-culture environments, and affective indexing and use. For the user-centered image retrieval research, college and graduate students were found prominent user groups for research while specific user groups such as medical/health related users, artists, and museum users were found considerably. With the comparison with the distribution of sub-areas of image retrieval research in Korea, considerable similarities were found. The findings of this study expect to guide research directions and agenda for future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.191-196
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• 2013

The proportion of small and medium sized enterprises based on the number of corporations in China is 99%, the number of employees is 80%, and the proportion of GDP is 60%. These facts show that small and medium sized enterprises have an very significant effect on the economic growth of China. However, most of the researches conducted so far have studied large corporations, thus, there are relatively insufficient researches on the determinant of the capital structure of small and medium sized enterprises. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to confirm the factors that determine the capital structure of small and medium sized enterprises in China. To achieve this purpose, we performed multiple regression method to 45 small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange of China. Results of this study are as follows. First, the growth appeared to have a significant positive effect to the debt ratio in 1% significance level. Second, the profitability appeared to have a significant negative effect to debt ratio in 1% significance level. Third, the firm size appeared to have no effect on the debt ratio. Fourth, the secured value and tax shield effect by non-debt appeared to have a weak positive effect on the debt ratio, however these variables showed statistical insignificant.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

The demand for electricity has a considerable impact on various energy sectors since electricity is generated from various energy sources. This paper attempts to estimate the electricity demand function and obtain some quantitative information on price and income elasticities of the demand. To this end, we apply a lagged dependent variable model to derive long-run as well as short-run elasticities using the time-series data over the period 1991-2014. Our dependent variable is annual electricity demand. The independent variables include constant term, real price of electricity, and real gross domestic product. The results show that the short-run price and income elasticities of the electricity demand are estimated to be -0.142 and 0.866, respectively. They are statistically significant at the 5% level. That is, the electricity demand is in-elastic with respect to price and income changes in the short-run. The long-run price and income elasticities of the electricity demand are calculated to be -0.210 and 1.287, respectively, which are also statistically meaningful at the 5% level. The electricity demand is still in-elastic with regard to price change in the long-run. However, the electricity demand is elastic regarding income change in the long-run. Therefore, this indicates that the effect of demand-side management policy through price-control is restrictive in both the short- and long-run. The growth in electricity demand following income growth is expected to be more remarkable in the long-run than in the short-run.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2017

The environmental problems affecting marine resources and slow growth in the fisheries industry is causing many countries to look for alternative inputs that can boost the fisheries sector. This study focuses on the effects of technological innovation in the fisheries industry on the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita across Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Using a panel dataset, this study attempts to estimate the different effects of technological innovations in the fisheries industry from country to country using the differences-in-differences (DiD) method. After the DiD method, the Granger causality test is applied to determine the interactive relations between economic growth and the selected variables associated with technological innovation in the fisheries industry, such as government spending on fisheries R&D, the number of patents in fisheries, and employment. The results obtained from the DiD estimation show that government spending on fisheries R&D, fisheries technology development, and fisheries employment positively influences the GDP per capita across OECD counties. From the causality test, we found different bi-directional causal relationships between the GDP per capita and (spending) on fisheries technology development across countries.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.517-526
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the sugar content, acidity, and viscosity of the Korean frozen desert. Methods: A total of 60 types of frozen desserts marketed in Korea were randomly selected and classified into frozen desserts, milk-fat ice cream group, and non-fat ice cream group according to the classification criteria for frozen desserts. Each product was treated under the same conditions to investigate the component of each product, and sugar content, acidity, and viscosity were measured. Frequency analysis and one-way ANOVA were performed. Results: As a result of analyzing the characteristics related to dental caries activity by group, the frozen dessert had the lowest average pH of 3.67, and the sugar content was significantly higher in the milk-fat group (33.22) and non-fat group (32.89) than in the frozen dessert. The viscosity was also the highest in the milk-fat group at 32.62, and the frozen dessert was significantly lower at 9.42. Conclusions: Due to the abnormal temperature and spread of the coronavirus, consumption of frozen desserts at home is on the rise. To prevent dental caries in children, education is needed for children and their guardians for proper oral care after eating frozen desserts.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.393-403
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• 2018

Bio-aerosols transported by the air have been considered as the major source of dispersal agents that contaminate agricultural products. Unseen fungal spores are known sources of bio-aerosols that harm mushroom and human health during mushroom cultivation. This study was conducted to obtain basic data on the concentration and species distribution of fungi present in the indoor air of oak mushroom cultivation houses in Korea. In 2015 and 2016, we sampled and analyzed indoor airborne fungal spores 21 times from 13 oak mushroom cultivation farms located in six different provinces. The concentration of airborne fungi ranged from $1.30{\times}10^2$ to $1.59{\times}10^4cfu/m^3$. Surprisingly, in 20 sampling cases, the fungal concentration exceeded $500cfu/m^3$, which is recommended as the indoor air quality standard by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. A total of 450 fungi were isolated and identified to belong to 33 genera and 46 species. Among the identified fungi, human pathogens (4 genera and 4 species) and plant pathogens (10 genera and 13 species) were present. In addition, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atroviride, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, which are detrimental species that affect mushroom health, were found 17 out of 21 sampling times. Our results provide evidence that indoor air quality should be improved for better management of mushroom cultivation houses.