• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.150-150
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• 2016

지구온난화에 따른 전 세계적 급격한 기후변화로 인하여 자연재해가 발생하고 있으며, 우리나라에서도 매년 태풍을 동반한 집중호우로 지역별 피해가 속출하는 등 자연재해로 인한 많은 인명피해와 경제적 비용의 부담률이 증가하고 있다. 국민안전처에서 발간한 재해연보에 의하면 10년간 전체 종목 중 공공시설물들의 피해액이 매년 비교적 가장 높은 비율을 보이고 있으며, 공공시설물중에서도 하천과 소하천의 피해가 최근 5년(2010~2014년)간 평균 32.91%로 피해율이 가장 높았다. 국외에서는 미국(HAZUS-MH), 일본(피해경제조사메뉴얼), 영국(MCM) 등 공공자산의 홍수피해 예측방법을 개발하여 각 국가의 특성에 맞는 재난손실에 대한 추정을 실시하고 있지만, 우리나라에서는 이러한 방법론적 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 자연재해로 발생한 피해의 규모와 이에 따른 경제적 피해를 예측하기 위해 피해율과 피해액 추정 기술을 개발하였다. 미국의 HAZUS-MH와 피해복구지침, 새주소 시스템 DB, 건축법 내 용도별 건축물 종류 등을 활용하여 국내 공공자산 인벤토리(안)을 제시하고 이 중 소하천에 대한 2010~2014년 5개년의 국가재난관리시스템(NDMS) 재해 자료를 기반으로 지역적 특성을 고려한 손상함수를 개발하였다. 함수개발은 강원도 일부 시군에 대해 실시하였으며, 과거 피해자료를 대상으로 검증하였다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 시군단위의 재해로 인한 소하천 피해 정도를 산정하고 한국형 피해예측시스템 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• IE interfaces
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.317-328
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• 2009

For a comprehensive understanding of human impact on a change of the global climate, it is necessary to obtain reliable information on man-induced fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines (IPCC 1996, IPCC 2000, IPCC2006) provide the methods and procedures of estimating the national GHG emission inventories. Particularly, IPCC 2006 contains new chapter of key conceptions uncertainties, including the types of uncertainties and assessment methods of uncertainties in GHG emission inventories. In this paper, a compact and clear survey on volume 1 of IPCC 2006, which contains the general information on inventory compilation, uncertainty and guidance on the choice of methods, and QC/QA, is given with emphasis on uncertainty analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2020

Following the Paris Agreement adopted at the end of 2015, global stock-taking has been planned to be carried out on a 5-year basis from 2023, and it is mandatory to report on national GHG inventory and progress toward achieving greenhouse gas reduction targets. To prepare for this, it is important to improve the reliability of estimation of the greenhouse gas emission, identify the characteristics of each greenhouse gas emission source, and manage the amount of emissions. As such, this study compared and analyzed the amount of emissions from the landfill sector using the 2000 GPG, the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, and the 2019 Refinement estimation method. As a result, in comparison to 2016, there were 2,287 Gg CO₂_eq. in scenario 1, 1,870 Gg CO₂_eq. in scenario 2-1, 10,886 Gg CO₂_eq. in scenario 2-2, 10,629 Gg CO₂_eq. in scenario 2-3, and 12,468 Gg CO₂_eq. in scenario 3. Thus, when the 2006 IPCC Guidelines were applied with respect to 2000 GPG, it was revealed that greenhouse gas emissions have increased. Such difference in the emission changes was due to the changes in the calculation method and the emission factor values applied. Therefore, it is urgent to develop national-specific values of the emission factor based on characteristics of greenhouse gas emission in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.108-117
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• 2016

In this paper, a portal system compatible with MRV regulation was designed to monitoring, reporting and verifying $CO_2$ emission and fuel consumption data from an international ship. A portal system supports monitoring and reporting task of international shipping companies and calculates national greenhouse gas inventory. EU MRV law, MRV discussions of IMO, responses of international shipping companies to ship energy efficiency and greenhouse gas regulation, and greenhouse gas statistics on international shipping were analyzed to drive portal system requirements. For ship energy efficiency and $CO_2$ emitted monitoring, a data collection module was designed based on on-board equipment, energy efficiency measuring device and navigation report. Data transfer module with easy management and minimized usage to transfer ship data to shore was designed. A portal system was designed to convert the collected data into the standard reporting format, perform monitoring, statical analysis, verification and auto report generation, and support national greenhouse gas inventory.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.507-517
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• 2010

This study estimated the amount of carbon stocks in harvested wood products (HWP) using accounting approaches suggested by 2006 IPCC guidelines and analyzed the impacts of different approaches on national greenhouse gas inventory and the forest sector in Korea. The change in carbon stocks was calculated at the level of semi-finished wood products, which cover sawnwood, wood-based panels, other industrial wood, paper and paperboard. An estimation of the changes in carbon stocks in HWP in use for the period 1970~2008 varied between -9,023 Gg $CO_2$/yr and 4,052 Gg $CO_2$/yr depending on the accounting approach used. The stock-change approach provided the most favorable results because Korea was a net importer of wood products. However, each approach generates different impacts on harvest, trade, the use of wood for energy production and recycling. When deciding its position on accounting approach, thus, the Government should consider future direction of national forest policies as well as the effect on national greenhouse gas inventory for the minimization of negative impacts resulting from its selection.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2013

In this study, the anthracite coal being used as fuel in Korea were classified into different types. These types include the domestically produced anthracite, imported anthracite used as raw material, and imported anthracite used as fuel. Each of the calorific values and greenhouse gas emission factors were calculated. The calculation of greenhouse gas emission factors resulted in the domestically produced anthracite as $111,477{\pm}4,508kg\;CO_2/TJ$, the imported anthracite used as raw material as $108,358{\pm}4,033kg\;CO_2/TJ$, and anthracite used as fuel was displayed as $103,927{\pm}8,367kg\;CO_2/TJ$. Additionally, the amount of greenhouse gas emission based on these calculated emission factors was displayed as $6,216,942ton\;CO_2$, which resulted as 12.7% lower than the green house gas emission amount which was calculated without distinguishing anthracite coal in details. Therefore, collecting activity data through a detailed classification of anthracites facilitate a more accurate calculation of greenhouse gas emission amount compared to collecting activity data through combination. Furthermore, since the anthracite coal used domestically possesses characteristics differing from the anthracite coal proposed by the IPCC, anthracite coal should be classified for each purpose and calculated for the improvement of the national greenhouse gas inventory.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.694-702
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• 2014

Since Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Research Center (GIR) of Korea was founded in 2010, the annual greenhouse gas inventory reports, one of the collections of GIR's major affairs, have been published from 2012. In the reports many items related to greenhouse gas emission quantities are included, but among them uncertainty values are replaced to basic values which IPCC guideline suggests. Even though IPCC guideline suggests the equations of each Tier level in details, the guideline recommends developing nation's own methodology on uncertainty which is closely related to statistical problems such as the estimation of a probability density function or Monte carlo methods. In the road transportation sector the emissions have been calculated by Tier 1 but the uncertainties have not been reported. This study introduce a bootstrap technique and Monte carlo method to estimates annual emission quantity and uncertainty, given activity data and emission factors such as annual traveled distances, fuel efficiencies and emission coefficients.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.519-527
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• 2013

The Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea set up 'the $2^{nd}$ Fundamental Plan for Wetlands Conservation' to facilitate systematic surveys and management of various national wetlands and to promote sustainable conservation and use of those wetlands. The mid-term fundamental plan was established in accordance with the Article 5 of the Wetland Conservation Act, which spans 5 years from 2013 to 2017 and covers national wetlands including inland wetlands and coastal wetlands stated in the Act. The fundamental plan aims to promote the wise use of wetlands through establishing policies for sustainable conservation based on the assessment of implementation of the $1^{st}$ Fundamental Plan, setting up a scientific framework for establishment and implementation of national wetland policies by improving wetland survey systems and enhancing basis wetland data, improving the ecological health of wetlands and securing biodiversity conservation of wetlands by strengthening conservation and management system of national wetlands, and through raising public awareness and diversify education and promotion tools. The main objectives of the $2^{nd}$ Fundamental Plan is to revise the entire Wetland Conservation Act, to create a new monitoring system of national inland wetlands, to upgrade the national wetlands inventory, to reflect the 'Ecological Map' for promoting precautionary management of wetlands, to improve the 'Wetland Restoration and Management' system to build wetlands resilience, and to systematize the wise use of wetlands that benefits local people. As the Ministry of Environment plans to establish its other master plan for wetland conservation based on the $2^{nd}$ Fundamental Plan, this document introduces the $2^{nd}$ Fundamental Plan to stakeholder and wetland professions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.186-186
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• 2019

국내에서 자연재난의 대부분을 차지하는 홍수는 매년 반복되어 인명과 재산상의 막대한 손실을 유발하고 있다. 이러한 피해 중 인적피해를 최소화하기 위한 방재계획 및 정책수립이 우선되어야 하지만 적용성 측면에서 미진한 부분이 있는 것이 현실이다. 본 연구는 인적피해 평가를 지원하기 위해 피해실적에 근거한 경험적 인적피해 평가기법을 개발하였다. 또한, 해당기법의 적용성을 평가하기 위해 2017년 청주시 호우피해를 기준으로 적용성 검증을 실시하였다. 인적피해의 경우 인명과 이재민 피해를 동시에 고려하였으며, 인적피해를 위해 기본적으로 노출위험인구와 인적피해 발생확률을 기반으로 하였다. 노출위험인구의 경우 침수구역도와 집계구를 기준으로 계층화된 인구 인벤토리를 이용한 GIS 공간분석 결과로부터 결정된다. 그리고 인적피해 발생확률은 행정안전부의 국가재난관리시스템 내 피해이력, 재해연보 및 한국국토정보공사에서 제공받은 침수흔 적도를 토대로 침수등급과 인구계층을 구분하여 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제시된 보다 효율적이고 정밀한 인적피해 평가 방법이 위험지구 결정, 자연재난 리스크 모델링, 방재사업 대안결정, 예산배분 등의 실무와 학술적 접근에 있어 활발히 활용되길 기대한다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_2
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• pp.1053-1065
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• 2019

Land use statistics calculation is very informative data as the activity data for calculating exact carbon absorption and emission in post-2020. To effective interpretation by land use category, This study classify automatically image interpretation by land use category applying forest aerial photography (FAP) to deep learning model and calculate national unit statistics. Dataset (DS) applied deep learning is divided into training dataset (training DS) and test dataset (test DS) by extracting image of FAP based national forest resource inventory permanent sample plot location. Training DS give label to image by definition of land use category and learn and verify deep learning model. When verified deep learning model, training accuracy of model is highest at epoch 1,500 with about 89%. As a result of applying the trained deep learning model to test DS, interpretation classification accuracy of image label was about 90%. When the estimating area of classification by category using sampling method and compare to national statistics, consistency also very high, so it judged that it is enough to be used for activity data of national GHG (Greenhouse Gas) inventory report of LULUCF sector in the future.