• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.578-588
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate associations of dietary sodium (Na) intake with salt-related dietary behaviors of 218 university students (95 men; 123 women) living in Gyeonggi area. Dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ) was used to identify salt-related dietary behaviors and to determine Na intakes. In men, systolic & diastolic blood pressures, Na intakes and DFQ-15 scores were significantly higher than in women. High-salt intake group (HS), classified by DFQ-15, had higher scores of high-salt dietary attitude and more Na intakes than low-salt intake group (LS). HS took protein foods and had balanced diets less frequently than LS (p<0.05). HS had fried dishes & fatty meats, and added salt to dishes more frequently (p<0.05). HS and LS had differences in preference of soy-boiled and Chinese or Japanese foods, in intake frequency of bean-paste soup, in use of soy sauce with fried food or raw fish, and in salt addition to dishes at the table (p<0.05). HS, classified by Na intakes, had high-salt dietary attitudes such as preference of seasoned rice & soy-boiled foods and habitual addition of soy sauce or salt to dishes at the table. The subjects using food labels when purchasing had better salt-related attitudes & behaviors, and lower DFQ-15 scores & Na intakes than the non-users (p<0.01). Self-assessed HS (SHS) had worse salt-related attitudes and behaviors (p<0.05). Male self-assessed LS (SLS) had higher Na intakes, which indicated that self-assessment of salt preference did not actually reflect Na intake. In summary, male university students belonged to a high-risk group of salt intakes, and HS preferred soy-boiled foods or fatty dishes, frequently added salt to dishes and rarely had balanced diets. These results suggest that nutrition education programs for university students should include fundamental dietetics and a balanced diet, in addition to a low-Na diet.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2001

현재 제지용 펄프 및 펼프 원료의 국내 자급상태는 매우 낮은 수준이다. 따라서 원료 가격변동과 환율에 따라 수익성은 물론, 원료 수급에도 큰 영향을 받게 된다. 최근 버 진펄프의 가격상승은 재생펄프 사용량과 고지수입량을 더욱 늘리고 있으며, 이들의 사 용에 따른 품질저하 개선노력도 꾸준히 행해지고 있다. 그러나 원가절감과 품질유지라 는 두 마리 토끼를 한꺼번에 잡는 것은 그리 쉬운 일이 아니며 그 효과 또한 점점 미 미해 지고 있는 실정이다. 외국의 경우 이러한 문제점들을 펄프소재면에서 접근하여 해 결하고자 하는 시도가 있었다. 중국은 벗짚펄프를 제지용으로 적용하여 오랜 시행착오 끝에 성공을 거두고 있으며, 남미에서도 수수 등을 이용한 제지용 펼프 개발에 노력과 투자를 아끼지 않고 있다. 이는 제한된 원료의 사용만으로 직면하고 있는 여러 문제점 들을 해결하기가 힘들다는 언식에서 출발한 것이며, 새로운 원료개발 자체가 그 해결방 안으로서 충분한 가치가 있음을 보여준다고 하겠다. 이와 같은 맥락에 따라 국내에서 적용이 가능한 소재를 조사하였으며 우선적으로 신서란을 선택하게 되었다. 신서란은 뉴질랜드가 원산지로 알려져 있으며 오래전부터 제주도에 자생하고 있는 다년생 초본류이다. 수많은 경질섬유(hard fiber)중에서도 경제적으로 재배되는 유일한 작물로 선박용 로프, 그물, 범포 등의 원료로 사용되었으나 현재는 화학섬유로 대체되 어 그 사용이 전무한 실정이다. 선서란은 고강도와 우수한 유연성, 탄력성 및 양호한 광학적 성질을 가지고 있으며 무엇보다 척박한 땅에서도 생장이 왕성하여 재배가 쉽다 는 것이 가장 큰 장점이다. 본 연구는 펄프용 섬유로서 양호한 기본특성을 가진 신서란 을 이용한 펄프를 기존 제지공정에 일정량 투입함으로써 얻고자 하는 종이의 일반물성 개선 및 특수기능 향상에 도움이 되는 제지용 펄프로서의 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다.이어서 몇십%의 현을 억제하지는 못한다는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국과 미국 패션제품의 지난 십년간의 가격 과 품질의 상관관계는 매우 약한 정(+)의 상관을 가지고 있었다. 한국패션제품의 전체 서열상관계수의 평균은 0.091이었고, 미국의 상관계수 평균은 0.192였 다. 상관계수의 수치만으로 볼 때 한국보다는 미국 패션제품의 가격과 품질간의 상관관계가 조금 높게 나타났으나, 양국간 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 또한, 한국 패션제품의 경우에는 제품군의 가격대별 상관관계를 살펴보았는데, 그 결과 1만원 미만의 저가 제품군과 330만원이상의 고가의 제품군의 경우 부(-)의 상관계수를 나타냈다. 둘째. 1990년대 한국과 미국 패션시장의 가격과 품질간의 상관계수의 범위는 제품군별. 산업범주별 로 상이한 분포를 보이고 있었다. 패션제품군별로 보 면, 한국의 경우는 가장 높은 '여행용가방(r = 0.707)' 에서 가장 낮은 '자외선 차단화장품(r = -0.58)'까지, 그리고 미국 패션제품군의 상관계수의 범위는 '팬티 스타킹'의 0.820에서 '남성용 런닝슈즈'의 -0.472까지의 분포를 나타냈다. 마지막으로, 제품의 가격과 품질에 대한 정보를 소비자가 알 경우 얻을 수 있는 소비자의 구매이득 을 추산한 결과 패션제품시장에서 완전한 품질정보를 가지고 있다고 가정한 '현명한 사람'은, 최고가격의 제품만을 구입한다고 가정한 '부유한 사람들'의 구입방식에 비해 최고 좋은 품질의 상품을 총 지불액의 비율로 보아, 한국의 소비자는 약 50% 정도를, 미국의 소비자는 약 91%나 되는 액수를 절약하여 구매할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 본 연구의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 한국과 미국 모두 제품군별, 그리고 산업범주별로 상관관계가 차이를 보이고 있어, 양국의 소비자들이 패션제품 의 품질을 평가함에 있어 오로지 가격에 대한

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.316-329
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• 2008

Recently the increased attention pays on the processing of multiple, relatively low quantity, high value-added products resulted in adoption of batch process in the chemical process industry such as pharmaceuticals, polymers, bio-chemicals and foods. As there are more possibilities of the improvement of operations in batch process than continuous processes, a lot of effort has been made to enhance the productivity and operability of batch processes. But the chemical process industry faces a range of uncertainties factors such as demands for products, prices of product, lead time for the supply of raw materials and in the production, and the distribution of product. And global competition has made it imperative for the process industries to manage their supply chains optimally. Supply chain management aims to integrate plants with their supplier and customers so that they can be managed as a single entity and coordinate all input/output flows (of materials, information) so that products are produced and distributed in the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time.The objective of this study is to solve the purchase, distribution, production planning and scheduling problem, which minimizes the total costs of production, inventory, and transportation under uncertainty. And development of SCM model in chemical industry including batch mode operations. Through that, the enterprise can respond to uncertainty. Also integrated process optimal planning and scheduling model for manufacturing supply chain. The result shows that, the advantage of supply chain integration are quality matters seen by customers and suppliers, order schedules, flexibility, cost reduction, and increase in sales and profits. Also, an integration of supply chain (production and distribution system) generates significant savings by trading off the costs associated with the whole, rather than minimizing supply chain costs separately.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1566-1571
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• 2005

Consumer's perception and consumption pattern of fresh-cut agri-food Products were surveyed to Provide basic information for quality enhancement. The results are summarized as follows: The respondents had a preference for a discount store (60.5$\%$) to purchase fruits and vegetables and the frequency of purchase was one time Per week (46.1$\%$). Fruits and vegetables were purchased frequently by full-time housewives compared with workers. The reasons for purchasing fresh-cut agri-food generally resulted from a consideration of the saving in cooking time, the ease of handling and the desire to serve appropriate portions. On the other hand, the reasons for not purchasing fresh-cut agri-food Products were the comparatively high price, a perception of unsanitary handling. Freshness was considered to be the most important factor when purchasing these products. The preferred price for the fresh-cut agri-food products were approximately 110 $\∼$ 140$\%$ of that for the unprocessed products. 87.7$\%$ of respondents answered that they will purchase fresh-cut agri-food products continuously if some problems that they considered, would be improved.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2022

This study is to investigate consumers' acceptance and their willingness to pay for clothes made of materials with low microplastic emissions as an alternative to synthetic fibers made of plastics by applying the contingent valuation method. A nationwide web-based survey was conducted for 1,052 respondents proportional to region, age, and gender during February 2021. More than 75% of the sample expressed intentions to purchase microplastic emission-reducing clothing instead of synthetic fiber clothing, and more than 80% of them have stated their willingness to pay for additional prices. A variation of Heckman's sample selection model was adopted to estimate factors affecting respondents' intentions to pay for additional prices, in which the probit model of intentions to purchase the clothing with alternative materials was used as a sample selection equation. While respondents were sensitive to the amounts of price increases suggested in the CV scenario, they expressed high acceptance and preferences for eco-friendly materials regardless of the microplastic emission-reducing levels. Consumers in the circular economy were willing to pay for the range of 41,000 to 51,000 won for a pair of clothing made with microplastic emission-reducing materials. In addition, as the microplastic emission-reducing rate has increased from 50% to 80%, the willingness to pay estimates were also significantly increased, ranging from 41,000~50,500 to 42,000~51,700 won.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.303-318
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of nutritional education related to sugar in elementary school children on nutritional knowledge, attitude, and dietary behavior. Methods: A questionnaire survey on the knowledge, attitudes, and intake related to sugar was conducted on 572 students in grades 4-5, who were attending five elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Results: Among the survey subjects, 270 (49.8%) were cognitive in education, and 302 (50.2%) were non-cognitive. The sugar-related knowledge score was 3.67 points in the cognitive education group, which was significantly higher than the 3.55 points in the non-cognitive group. The rate of checking the sugar content in the nutrition label was 31.2% in the cognitive education group, which was significantly higher than in the non-cognitive group, 15.4%. The cognitive education group had a higher intake frequency of unsweetened candy, jelly, and raw fruits, and higher sugar intake of unsweetened bread, white milk, and raw fruits than the non-cognitive group. In the case of the cognitive education group, the total knowledge score showed a positive correlation with the food behavior scores, and a negative correlation with the frequency of purchasing snacks after school, and the average sugar intake per day. In the cognitive education group only, the education of nutrition teachers was analyzed as a factor to reduce the total sugar intake. The cognitive group of sugar education tried to eat foods with a lower sugar content than the non-cognitive group, and nutrition education was an important factor affecting the sugar intake. Conclusion: To reduce the sugar intake of elementary school students, it will be necessary to practice oriented-nutrition education by nutrition teachers continuously. In addition, it is important to develop and disseminate various types of nutrition education materials related to sugar that can be utilized easily by nutrition teachers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.180-185
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• 2017

For the management of mercury-containing products, the products were selected to do material flow analysis in preference of not having selected in previous studies. Domestically mercury have been added to pigment for prevention of bacterial growth. So, in this study paint containing pigment was selected as a target. 71 samples of paint products collected in 2014 and data of 38 samples of wastes (dust, sludge, paint) analyzed in 2010 were used in material flow analysis. The result shows that mercury was 0~0.25 mg/kg in products and 0.23~0.69 mg/kg in the wastes. In the material flow analysis, the amount of flow in the process of distribution was 10.06 kg/year, but the amount of flow in disposal like a landfill, incineration and recycling was much than distribution as 25.27 kg/year. It was caused by different sampling period between collecting products and data of wastes. Therefore, It could be possible to be affected from regulation by RoHS like decreasing usage of mercury in paint products or eradicated in the industry. Mercury contents in current paint products are very low to affect discharging to the environment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop functional breads added with spirulina, improvement of Quality Characteristics and for long-term storage of spirulina bread. Three different levels of spirulina (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 %) were added to the total amount of ingredient. The weight of spirulina containing bread decreased with spirulina level. During storage, moisture content was higher in spirulina containing breads compared with control bread. During storage, contents of phycocyanin increased with increasing spirulina powder. There was Hunter color value($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$ value) lightness of the crumb of bread with increasing spirulina powder was decreased during storage. Textural properties by TPA showed that hardness was increased during storage, but the hardness of spirulina bread decreased as spirulina addition amount increased. Also, springiness was decreased during storage. The antioxidant activities was decreased with increasing spirulina powder content. Sensory results showed that the scores of over-all preference buy in the bread with spirulina 0.8 % higher than the control and the other groups.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.364-369
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• 2013

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been studied during the past few decades because of their potential impacts on the environment and human health. PCBs are toxic environmental pollutants and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This study was carried out to assess the dietary exposure and risk to PCBs for the general Korean population through food intake. Various samples (n=389) covering 28 kinds of food were collected from 5 cities in Korea. The PCB content was not detected-$182.4{\mu}g/kg$ (mean of $5.4{\mu}g/kg$) in the food. The mean dietary exposure of PCBs for the general population was 9.54 ng/kg bw/day with an intake of 0.19% of tolerable daily intake (TDI) ($5{\mu}g/kg$ bw/day). Therefore, the level of overall dietary exposure to PCBs for the Korean population through food intake is below the recommended TDI levels.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5D
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• pp.709-716
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• 2006

The rapid changes of family structure such as singles, working couples and so on have effects on a travel behaviour. One of the characteristics from this is the increasing portion of trip-chain, in which plural activities were conducted in a "single outgoing" travel. Therefore travel must be considered as location change to conduct various activities instead of pursuing single travel purpose. This paper specifies a behavioral homogeneous person group by a job, a possession of cars. Based on this classification of person groups and their activity diary, the sequence, time and travel mode of activities in a day can be verified. As a case study household survey was conducted in city Kongju. The survey result shows that the classification of behavioral homogeneous person group based on criteria like employment status and car ownership bring a good result to forecast trip generation in traffic zone.