• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.600-604
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• 2003

Tooth impaction is defined as a cessation of the eruption of a tooth at the level of the oral mucosa or alveolar bone. Maxillary canines are the most frequently impacted teeth next to the third molar. Maxillary canine impaction is associated with congenital missing of lateral incisors, peg lateralis and genetic factors such as ectopic positioning of a tooth germ. The clinicians have an important role in early detection of tooth impaction for prevention of esthetic and functional problems. There are specific methods to treat impacted tooth for different conditions. In this case, an 11-year-old girl with a horizontally impacted maxillary right canine in a palatal position was treated through orthodontic traction along with surgical button attachment procedure. On regaining of eruption space, canine traction was performed. At the completion of treatment, the canine was positioned fairly within the arch with proper keratinized gingiva and complications such as root resorption were not observed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 1999

A family is presented in which multiple odontogenic keratocysts have been expressed. 3 members of the two generations of family with features of multiple keratocysts, suspected basal cell nevus syndrome have been investigated. The proband, 19-year-old woman and her mother, and her brother suffered from these cysts and two female patients' disease have been recurred multiply though careful treatments. Close attention to the family and routine follow up will alert the clinician to its recurrences and genetic counseling and serial screening for the development of other symptoms, that is malignant skin carcinoma etc.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 1999

Recently, for the reconstruction of bony defect and cosmetic improvement, many graft materials and implants have been widely used in the various surgical situations. The alloplastic materials have many advantages such as simplicity of operation, no additional need of surgery, and easy manipulation. The $Medpor^{TM}$(porous high-density polyethylene, Porex Co., USA) was initially studied in 1972 for surgical implant and introduced as an implant material for oral and maxillofacial region by Sauer and King in 1988. This material permits full ingrowth of bone into the implants, substantially increasing the implant's incorporation into the recipient site. It can be shaved during the surgery, which results in an improvement and prefabricated various size and shapes to fit into the surgical defect. The $Medpor^{TM}$ was used in 32 patients from 1995 to 1997 at the maxillofacial region. It was used for paranasal augmentation in 24 cases, for malar augmentation in 2 cases, for infraorbital augmentation in 2 cases, for mandibular angle augmentation in 2 cases, for mandibular body augmentation in 2 cases, for chin vertical augmentation in 1 case. It was mainly fixed with miniplate or screw. There were few complications except one infection and one exposure of the implant.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.396-403
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• 2006

Changes in cell adhesion molecules are associated with infiltration and metastatic progression of cancer. Reduced expression of E-cadherin and ${\beta}-catenin$ complex in some carcinomas has been reported. The changes in the expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not fully understood and it also remains undetermined whether the expression of these adhesion molecules in metastatic lesions differs from that in the primary lesions. In the present study, therefore, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of E-cadherin and ${\beta}-catenin$ in 45 primary OSCCs and 19 metastatic lymph nodes. We compared the expression of these molecules between primary and metastatic lesions and investigated the correlation between the expression and clinicopathologic parameters. The expression of E-cadherin and ${\beta}-catenin$ was reduced in 35/45 (78.2%), 14/45 (31.2%) of primary tumors respectively, but 18/19 (94.7%) and 17/19 (89.4%) of lymph nodes showed preserved expression. The reduced expression of the E-cadherin was associated with lymph node metastasis, invasive mode and marginal status but no significant relationship was not found with ${\beta}-catenin$. In conclusion, the loss of E-cadherin and ${\beta}-catenin$ complex function is associated with progression of OSCC and suggest that the expression of this complex will be a supplementary prognostic tool.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.418-422
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• 2002

Cyst is a cavity filled with fluids and semi-fluids that is lined with epithelial cells. Odontogenic cysts are those that form within the jaw which origin from dental follicles, enamel epithelium remnants of the crown, Malassez epithelial cell rest and basal cell layer of the oral epithelium. In such cases, treatment methods such as enucleation, marsupialization, decompression, surgical excision etc. can be used according to the lesion's characteristics, size, relationship with the surrounding tissue, patient's age and developmental status. This case was to report an odontogenic cyst caused by an impacted immature permannent tooth and its treatment. The cyst was removed by decompression. Cystic cavity was healed with bone tissue and the impacted permanent tooth erupted without any recurred cystic lesion.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.330-336
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• 2000

A large number of streptococci that do not fit readily into any of the established classification schemes have been relegated to a large heterogeneous group called the Streptococcus viridans, which are members of the normal flora of the mucous membranes of the body, including the oral cavity, the nasopharynx, and genitourinary tract. This group includes S. mitis, S. oralis, S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. milleri, etc. Surveying on the literature, it has been reported that infective endocarditis, meningitis, rhabdomyolysis, cholangitis, appendicitis caused by Streptococcus viridans, which were the most important pathogen in children with malignant hematologic disease. Various antibiotics has been chosen for treatment or prophylaxis for these infections, but were generally lower antimicrobial susceptibilities because of an abuse of antibiotics and advent of resistant group. Therefore, surveillant culture must be performed to evaluate personal antimicrobial susceptibilities of intraoral microbes for proper antimicrobial choice for dental procedures. This study examined sampling from subgingival plaque of 60 chidren's microbes. The cultured bacterial isolates, Streptococcus viridans were examined 10 antimicrobial drugs with the Kirby-Bauer agar disk diffusion method. The used drugs were Penicillin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Cephalothin, Imipenem, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin. The results were as follows : 1. Sampling Streptococcus viridans were S. mitis(65%), S. oralis(22%), S. sanguis(5%), S. intermedius(3%), S. salivarius(2%), S acidominimus(2%), Unidentified streptococcus(2%). 2. The antimicrobial susceptibility of total Streptococcus viridans : Oxacillin< Erythromycin< Pencillin=Ciprofloxacin< Cephalothin< Ampicillin< Clindamycin< Gentamicin< Imipenem=Vancomycin. 3. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S. mitis : Oxacillin=Erythromycin< Ciprofloxacin< Cephalothin< Penicillin=Ampicillin< Gentamicin< Clidamycin< Imipenem=Vancomycin. 4. The antimicrobial susceptibility of S. oralis : Oxacillin< Erythromycin< Penicillin=Ciprofloxacin=Clindamycin< Cephalothin=Gentamicin< Ampicillin< Imipenem=Vancomycin. 5. There was no significant difference in the antimicrobial susceptibility among each Streptococcus viridans group.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 1994

Large oral defects following tumor resection pose formidable challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. Ideally, wound closure should utilize like tissue in providing expedient, single-stage closure, returning maximum function while minimizing deformity. Recent methods have reported and utilize variable mucocutaneous flaps. However, the ideal reconstruction has yet to defined. The small bowel serves as a readily available donor site for satisfying reconstructive needs in oropharyngeoesophageal defects. Segments of jejunum may be opened along the antimesenteric border and transferred to oral defect as free tissue transfers. Some of the benefits of this technique have included a one-stage procedure, abundant donor tissue with characteristics similar to oral mucosa, near normal facial appearance, preservation of maximum tongue function and relief of annoying xerostomia by jejunal mucous secretion. Three cases re presented in which two cases show successful use of this flap. The other one patient developed total necrosis of this flap. We report cases of reconstruction using free jejunal flap transfer in oral reconstruction.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.264-276
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• 1995

This is a clinical and retrospective study on the patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma. This study was based on a series of 917 patients were treated as in-patients, at Chon-buk National University Hospital, during the period of Jan., 1989 through Dec., 1993. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The ratio of men to women were 3.59 : 1 in oral and maxillofacial injuries, 3.92 : 1 in facial bone fractures, and 3.18 : 1 in soft tissue injuries. 2. The oral and maxillofacial injuries occurred most frequently in the third decade(32.2%), and fourth, second, fifth decade in orders. 3. The major etiologic factors were traffic accident(57.4%) and fall-down(17.1%), interpersonal accident(16.6%), and industrial accident were next in order of frequency. 4. The incidence of facial bone fracture was 72.1%, soft tissue injury 58.8%, and dental injury 40.5%. 5. The most common site of fracture were mandible(62.9%) and maxilla(19.9%), zygoma and zygomatic arch(18.7%), and nasal bone(4.7%) were next in order of frequency. 6. The most common type of soft tissue injury was laceration(51.0%). The lesion of soft tissue injuries were mostly 1 or 2 lesions and deep.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2007

Infections in oral and maxillofacial region are relativley common and self-limiting, but in some cases, infections spread to adjacent hard and soft tissue and to cause any complication, even threaten life. So we made retrospective study of patients with interfascial infection who had been hospitalized and been treated by surgical treatment in Dankook university about 10 years. We reviewed the charts of patient with interfascial infection from 1995 to 2005. The result were as follows: 1. In gender & age distribution, male(54.2%) & fouth decade were most frequently. 2. The most common cause of infection was dental caries(55.2%) and the most of involving teeth was lower posterior teeth(44.1%). 3. Submandibular space is most frequently involving space and most infection involved mainly one space. 4. The patients with systemic disease were 38.2%. Diabetic mellitus was 87.2% of systemic diease. The admission period was 19.5 days in systemic disease. 5. The most microorganism in culture was Streptococcus Viridans(36.2%) in all patient. Klebsiella Pneumoniae was found most in Diabetic Mellitus. 6. The patient were mainly treated I&D on admission day. Of them 5(1.1%) patients were received tracheostomy. 7. Serum albumin, CRP and body weight are associated with Nutritional Risk Index(NRI). High risk patient group according to NRI classification showed higher rate of complications & mortality. 8. The patients with complication were 28(6.7%) persons. 4(0.9%) patients were expired. Nutritional Risk Index was helpful to predict the prognosis. When interfascial infection starts to spread, we must pay attention to airway management. Fluid therapy with nutritional may support to healing of wound.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.529-539
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• 2008

Background and Purpose : Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most aggressive tumors of the head and neck area. OSCC is known to preferentially metastasize via lymphatic system, and resulting cervical lymph node metastasis is the most reliable of treatment failure. But the biological mechanism of the regional nodal metastasis is not clear. So, we determined metastasis-related factors in orthotopic nude mouse models of OSCC. Experimental Design : Two cell lines-KB and YD-10B cells, established from human oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma, were xenografted into the tissue space of athymic murine mouth floor. The mice were followed for tumor development and growth, the murine tumors were examined histopathologically for local invasion or regional or distant metastasis. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical assays with antiepithelial growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2, phosphorylated VEGFR-2/3 (pVEGFR-2/3) antibodies. We also determined the microvessel density. Results : Transplantation of human OSCC tumor cells into the mouth floor successfully resulted in the formation of orthotopic tumors. KB cell line showed significantly higher tumor proliferation and higher nodal metastatic potential than YD-10B cell line. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated higher expression of EGFR/pEGFR, VEGF, and pVEGFR-2/3 as well as higher microvessel density in KB murine tumors than in YD-10B murine tumors. Conclusion : An orthotopic model of OSCC in athymic mice was established which copies the cervical lymph nodal metastasis of human OSCC. Our mouth floor model should facillitate the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cervical nodal metastasis of OSCC.