• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.346-353
• /
• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in outpatient clinics. Methods: The subjects of this study were 3,133 patients who visited the clinic between January 2009 and June 2011. The dental records and panoramic films of the patients and detection of supernumerary, missing, and impacted teeth, transposition, and peg lateralis were reviewed. The results were analyzed according to gender and types and locations of dental anomalies. Results: Among the patients, 362 had dental anomalies, with a prevalence rate of 11.55%. Congenital missing teeth (5.71%) ranked first in the categories, and impacted teeth (3.09%) ranked second. The percentage of patients having supernumerary teeth, peg lateralis, and dislocated teeth were 1.79%, 1.66%, and 0.45%, respectively. Conclusions: Congenital missing teeth and impacted teeth are, respectively, the first and second most common dental anomalies in Korean dental patients.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.226-232
• /
• 2010

Incidence of tooth impaction varies from 5.6 to 18.8% of the population. Failure of eruption of the first and second permanent molars is rare; the prevalence in the normal population is 0.01% in case of the first permanent molar, and 0.06% in case of the second permanent molar. Permanent molars are particularly important for providing sufficient occlusal support and co-ordinating facial growth. Failure of eruption of permanent molars may result in various complications such as decrease in vertical dimension, posterior open bite, extrusion of antagonistic teeth, resorption and inclination of adjacent teeth, formation of cyst and so on. Treatment options of impacted teeth are periodic observation, surgical exposure, surgical exposure with subluxation, orthodontic relocation, and surgical extraction before prosthetic treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment are important, because delayed treatment induces various problems such as decreased spontaneous eruptive force, decreased successful percentage, increased treatment period, increased various complications. Prevalence of the failure of mandibular first molars is rare but eruptive guidance before extraction of impacted teeth is necessary due to importance of permanent molars. We reported two cases of surgical exposure of impacted mandibular first molar. In these cases, we could observe different result of the impacted mandibular first molar after surgical exposure.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.260-266
• /
• 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether different types of adhesive systems and enamel-protective agents will affect the tensile bond strength of lingual brackets. Methods: A total of 75 extracted mandibular incisors were randomly divided into 5 groups and lingual brackets were bonded. Group 1 specimens received Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA), Group 2 required the application of a fluoride-releasing resin (Ortho-coat, Pulpdent, Watertown, MA, USA) with Transbond XT, Group 3 specimens received a chlorhexidine varnish (Cervitec Plus, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein) with Transbond XT. In Group 4, a light-cured orthodontic adhesive (Aegis Ortho, Bosworth, Skokie, USA) was applied and in Group 5, an antimicrobial self-etching primer (Clearfil Protect Bond, Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) was used. Results: There were no significant differences in bond strength whether fluoride-releasing resin or chlorhexidine varnish were used or not. Group 5 had significantly higher bond strength and adhesive remnant index (ARI) values than other groups (p < 0.001). The application of enamel-protective products did not have an adverse affect on the bond strength of lingual brackets. Conclusions: These products might provide benefits both for the patient and the clinician, by supporting the oral hygiene during lingual orthodontic treatment. The higher ARI score may be beneficial for Clearfil Protect Bond but its excessive bond strength should be considered in clinical practice, especially where the enamel is thin.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.11
• /
• pp.1112-1117
• /
• 2003

Purpose : Recent advances in the methods of treating cancer in young patients have led to both an increased frequency of CNS complications as well as prolonged life expectancy. We intend to analyze the clinical aspects and laboratory findings of patients with CNS complications during and after treatment. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 174 childhood cancer patients treated with chemotherapy admitted to the Dept. of Pediatrics, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, from January 1995 to November 2002. Among them, 15 cases with CNS complications were investigated in this study. Results : CNS abnormalities were found in 13 patients by CT or MRI during treatment such as leukoencephalopathy(n=7), mineralizing microangiopathy(n=4), brain infarction(n=3), intracranial hemorrhage(n=1), and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(n=1). It was found that two patients had two or more CNS abnormalities. Two patients who had no imaging abnormalities had convulsions, possibly after the addition of intrathecal methotrexate. The patients with intracranial hemorrhage and brain infarction had rapid and fatal clinical courses. The hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy following electrolyte imbalance completely recovered after correction of electrolyte. Conclusion : The CNS complications that occur during and after chemotherapy influence prognoses significantly, and remain neurologic sequelae. Therefore early diagnosis and prophylaxis for CNS complications and regular physical examination of patients who have recieved cancer therapy are strongly recommended.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.32 no.2 s.91
• /
• pp.129-142
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine and calcium on the activities of the osteoblastic cell from mouse calvaria. The author cultured osteoblastic cells obtained from the mouse calvaria and were divided into three groups : the caffeine-treated, the calcium-treated and the combine-treated group. In caffeine-treated group, the cell toxicity was measured by MTT assay at 1, 2 and 4 days after treatment of caffeine. In all groups, the densities of the mineralized bone nodules were measured by imaging analyzer after Von Kossa staining. The alkaline phosphotase (ALP) activities were measured at 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and the interleukin-1 ${\beta}$ activities at 48 hours after treatment of caffeine and calcium. The measurements were statistically executed with ANOVA test and the results were as follows. 1. The cellular toxicity of the caffeine increased with the concentration of caffeine during the incubation period. 2. The maximum densities of mineralization were observed at 0.2 mM caffeine-treated group, 1.2 mM calcium-treated group, 0.1 mM caffeine and 1.8 mM calcium-treated group. 3. The activities of ALP were peaked at 14 days at calcium-treated group as no-treated. But, the activities of ALP increased with concentrations of caffeine at caffeine-treated group. At combine-treated group, the act of ALP were peaked at 24 days at 1.2 mM, 1.8 mM calcium-treated group, But decreased at 2.5 mM calcium-treated group. 4. The activites of the IL-1 ${\beta}$ were increased significantly at 0.2 mM caffeine-treated group, 1.8 mM calcium-treated group and 0.1 mM caffeine and 1.8 mM calcium-treated group. But, they were decreased at all groups of high concentration.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.168-176
• /
• 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how airway changes influence facial growth during puberty in Korean children. Methods: Thirty-six patients aged 9 to 11 (mean age: 10.7 years) were selected. Cephalograms and hand-wrist x-rays were taken at pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2). The sample was divided into narrow (5.2 - 8.6 mm, AW-Narrow), medium (8.9 - 11.5 mm, AW-Medium), and wide (11.7 - 16.0 mm, AW-Wide) groups according to the airway width at T1. Cephalometric measurements at T1, T2 and growth from T1 to T2 were compared between groups. Results: The degree of increase in airway size in each group was 4.55 mm, 3.84 mm and 1.94 mm in the AW-Narrow, AW-Medium, and AW-Wide groups, respectively. Moreover, the differences were statistically significant. The significant smallest posterior facial height was found in the AW-Narrow group at T1. For the growth values from T1 to T2, the AW-Narrow group showed significantly larger values of PFH/AFH, facial axis, ANS (T1 - T2), and Gn (T1 - T2) than the AW-Medium group. Conclusions: The compensational changes in the airway width and facial growth were found in the narrow group. Surgical approach of the airway to prevent unfavorable facial growth in these years of age should be carried out, but with careful deliberation because these problems may be improved naturally.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.35 no.12
• /
• pp.862-870
• /
• 2002

The surgical results of the patients with single ventricle(SV) associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(TAPVC) has been reported with high mortality and morbidity due to their morphologic and hemodynamic complexity. A retrospective review was undertaken to report the outcome of the first-stage palliative surgery in our institution and to determine the factors influencing early death. Material and Method: Between January 1987 and June 2002, 39 patients with SV and TAPVC underwent surgical intervention with or without TAPVC repair. Age at operation ranged from 1day to 10.7months (median age, 2.4month), and 29 patients were male. Preoperative diagnosis included 20 right-dominant SV, 15 SV with endocardial cushion defect, 3 left-dominant SV, and 1 tricuspid atresia. The pulmonary venous connection was supracardiac in 22, cardiac in 5, infracardiac in 11, and mixed in 1, Obstructed TAPVC was present in 11. First-stage palliative surgery was performed in 37. Repair of TAPVC, either alone or in association with other procedures, was performed during the initial operation in 31. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors influencing the operative death. Result: A mean follow-up period of survivors was 34.3 $\pm$ 43.0(0.53 ~ 146.2)months. Overall early operative mortality was 43.6%(17/39). The causes were low cardiac output in 8, failure of weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass in 3, sepsis in 2, pulmonary hypertensive crisis in 1, pulmonary edema in 1, pneumonia in 1, and postoperative arrhythmia in 1. Risk factors influencing early death in univariate analysis were body weight, surgical intervention in neonate, obstructive TAPVC, preoperative conditions including metabolic acidosis, and need for inotropic support, TAPVC repair in initial operation, operative time, and cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) time. In multivariable analysis, body weight, age at initial operation, surgical intervention in neonate, preoperative conditions including metabolic acidosis, need for inotropic support and CPB time were the risk factors. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that the patients with SV and TAPVC had high perioperative mortality. Preoperative poor condition, young age, the length of operative and CPB time, the presence of obstructive TAPVC had been proven to be the risk factors. This fact suggests that the avoidance of unnecessarily additional procedures may improve the surgical outcomes of the first-stage palliative surgery. However further observation and collection of the data is mandatory to determine the ideal surgical strategy.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.28 no.3 s.68
• /
• pp.461-477
• /
• 1998

To evaluate the relapse pattern and long-term stabilities depanding on surgical methods following orthognathic surgery of Cl III patients, the author selected 24 subjects(10 male, 14 female) operated by SSRO and 26 subjects(10 male,16 female) operated by IVRO. Each subject took four lateral cephalograms : just before surgery(T1), within 48hrs after surgery(T2), 4-8 wks after surgery(T3), 6 month or more after surgery(T4), and the landmarks were digitized. The differences of relapse patterns in each interval between two groups were compared and the significance of correlation among the variables of each group was tested. The obtained results are as follows ; 1. Horizontal early relapse was forward movement of mandible in SSRO group, as compared to the backward movement in IVRO group, and there was a statistical significance between the two groups. 2. Vertical early and late relapses were decreases in anterior facial height in both groups and there was no statistical significance between the two groups. 3. There was a statistical significance in negative correlation between mandibular horizontal late relapse and surgical change of articular angle in SSRO group. 4. There was a statistical significance in negative correlation between amount of mandibular set-back and mandibular horizontal early relapse in both groups.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.567-572
• /
• 1999

Background: Surgical correction of the full spectrum of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula has improved over the years, but the mortality and morbidity assoiated with repair of these anomalies still remains high. Material and Method: We retrospectively analyzes 27 surgically treated patients with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula at Dong-A University Hospital between January 1992 and March 1997. Result: There were 21 male and 6 female patients. Mean birth weight was 2.62$\pm$.385 kg(2.0~3.4 kg). Twenty- four(88.9%) had esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula, and 3(11.1%) had pure esophageal atresia. Four(14.8%) infants were allocated to Waterston risk group A, 18(66.7%) to group B, and 5(18.5%) to group C. In eighteen(66.7%) infants with associated anomalies, cardiovascular anomalies were the most common. Three had a gap length of 3.5 cm or greater(ultra-long gap) between esophageal segments, 7 had 2.0 to 3.5 cm(long gap), 8 had 1.0 to 2.0 cm(medium gap), and 9 had 1 cm or less(short gap) gap length. Among 27 neonates, 3 cases underwent staged operation, late colon interposition was done in 2, and all other 24 cases underwent primary esophageal anastomosis. Oerative mortality was 2/27(7.4%). Causes of death included acute renal failure(n=1), empyema from anastomotic leak(n=1), necrotizing enterocolitis(n=1), sepsis(n=1), insulin-dependent diabetus mellitus(n=1 . There were 4 anastomosis- related complications including stricture in 3, leakage in 1. Mortality was related to the gap length(p<.05). Conclusion: Although the complication rate associated with surgical repair of these anomalies is high, this does not always implicate the operative mortality. The overall survival can be improved by effective treatment for combined anomalies and intensive postoperatve care.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.262-266
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Many patients suffer with anemia after gastrectomy. Iron deficiency due to a decreased oral intake and malabsoption is the most common cause of anemia in gastrectomized patients. This study evaluated the efficacy of administering intravenous iron sucrose for treating patients with anemia. Materials and Methods: From May 2007 to October 2007 at Yonsei University Severance Hospital, we reviewed 47 outpatients whose hemoglobin levels were below 11 g/dl after gastrectomy. Iron sucrose was used for iron supplementation. To determine the difference between before and after the treatment (at 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after treatment), we prospectively examined such anemia parameters as the hemoglobin level (Hgb), the hematocrit (Hct), serum iron, TIBC, ferritin and transferin. Results: Out of the 47 patients, only 36 completed their treatment. Eleven were male and 25 were female. The Hgb levels, which indicate anemia, were elevated 0.6, 0.8, 1.3, 2.1 and 2.2 g/dl after 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after administration, respectively (P<0.001). The changes from 1 week to 3 months were statistically significant, but those from 3 to 6 months were not. The Hgb levels of 26 patients, which accounted for 72% of all the patients, elevated up to 12 g/dl or more. No side effects or complications were found, but there was one case of temporary nausea. Conclusion: Anemia after gastrectomy is safely treated in a relatively short time with administering iron sucrose. The patients' Hgb levels are expected to increase in a week and keep increasing up to 3 months.