• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.801-821
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• 2020

There are a number of prior studies on the poverty experience of Korean women, but little is known about the poverty experience of Korean elderly women in the U.S. The purpose of this study is to examine the poverty experiences of Korean elderly women who immigrated to the U. S. Qualitative case study methods were used to achieve these research objectives. Three Korean elderly women living in Oakland of California who received Supplemental Security Income (SSI) from the U.S. federal government were included in the study. The data were collected by conducting a total of six meetings per participant, and the researcher read the consent form directly to the participants and obtained a hand-written signature. The analysis and interpretation began by repeating the interview transcript several times, and the repeated keywords were to be understood in the context, focusing on time, space, and relationships with other people. The contextual understanding of Korean elderly women's experiences in poverty was interpreted in three dimensions: extending poverty in their mother country, double torture as female immigrants, and limiting labor due to aging and diseases. Before moving to the U.S., they had a difficult livelihood by farming and one of them had to live in poverty due to the bereavement to her husband. But even after moving to the U.S., they have continued to live in poverty. As female immigrants with low education and no special skills, they were incorporated into the periphery of the labor market in the industrialized U.S. and were forced to make a living with low wages. Korean elderly women were unable to return to the labor market in the surrounding areas due to aging and diseases, and were continuing their impoverished lives relying on SSI. From the findings, we discussed the role of the Korean immigrants community as a way to improve the quality of life for Korean elderly women in the U.S.

• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.197-215
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• 2021

This study aims to evaluate Person Centered Care practice and characteristics of care services in Korean long-term care facilities using Dementia Care Mapping as a tool. DCM, systematic observational evaluation tool for measuring dementia patients' QOL, was transformed into self-report rating scale. The process of transforming DCM into a scale of 34 items involves operationalization of DCM concepts and it's adaptation into Korean long-term care practices. Review by research team of Bradford university was added to maintain DCM concept and meaning in this scale. The scale with Cronbach alpha of .88 was surveyed on 343 care workers. Survey result shows PCC value practiced by them is 3.77(of 5 likert scale) and values on each categories of PCC reveal the characteristics of care in Korean facilities; attachment(4.02), comfort(3.95), inclusion(3.89), identity(3.67) and occupation(3.41). Dementia care in Korean facilities focuses on recipients'safety, comfort but lacks individualistic care and the meaningful and fulfilling occupation for patients. Looking at the organizational and individual factors influencing DCM values, the small facilities showed higher PCC values and there are no significant difference in PCC values between public and private facilities. Managers and care workers with career of 1~2 years showed higher PCC values compared to other career ranks and lengthes. This study suggests care practice should be centered on personhood of patients in long-term care facilities, for which introduction of unit care and education of PCC for service providers including support personnel are needed. DCM and Korean DCM scale developed in this study are suggested for the PCC-based assessment on care quality.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.446-464
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to verify the multi-mediated effects of human rights sensitivity and peer-coordination in the relationship between teenagers' school violence experience and cyberbullying in order to find alternatives to prevent cyberbullying as teenagers increase their use of smartphones. In order to achieve this research goal, four middle schools were selected by the education office located in downtown Busan and analyzed on 908 middle school students. The results of the study are as follows. First, school violence experiences have been shown to affect cyberbullying. Second, the experience of abuse and neglect during school violence affected human rights sensitivity, but the experience of damage did not affect human rights sensitivity. Third, among school violence experiences, the experience of damage and abuse influenced peer co-operation, but the experience of sitting on the sidelines did not affect peer co-operation. Fourth, human rights sensitivity affected cyberbullying. Fifth, peer groupings affected cyberbullying. Sixth, human rights sensitivity influenced peer-reaction. Seventh, among human rights sensitivities, bystander experience and cyberbullying were found to be mediating bystander experience and cyberbullying, but the damage experience and abuse experience did not have a mediating effect in human rights sensitization and cyberbullying. Eighth, peer cooperation was found to be mediating cyberbullying, but there was no mediating effect between on-the- sidelines experience and cyberbullying. Ninth, human rights sensitivity and peer creation are shown to mediate the relationship between on-the- sidelines experience and cyberbullying sequentially. However, human rights sensitivity and peer creation did not mediate cyberbullying sequentially between the experience of damage and the experience of perpetration. The implications of this study were to verify the effects of teenagers' school violence damage experience, abuse experience, and bystander experience on cyberbullying, and multiple interventions of human rights sensitivity and peer group.

• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.221-243
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to research the effects of desire for independence, possibility of start-up success and employment stability to the push-entrepreneurship through the push-entrepreneurship by a survey of employees in the middle age. The purpose of the creating start-up environment was encouraged the qualitative expansion of opportunity-driven start-up rather than the quantitative expansion of necessity-driven start-up for the economic growth and expanding employment. In spit of the employees had their own careers, skills, opportunities and market-experiences, In reality it is necessity-driven start-up that the quantitative expansion. The purpose of this study was to reflect process change by desire for independence, push-entrepreneurship and pull-entrepreneurship based on the possibility of start-up success and employment stability perceived by individual founders, changed process factor rather than the fixed result factor. The results are as follows. First, it was found that desire for independence makes a positive (+) effect on the pull-entrepreneurship and the push-entrepreneurship. Second, it was found that the possibility of start-up success makes a positive (+) effect on the pull-entrepreneurship and not effect on push-entrepreneurship. third, it was found that the employment stability makes a positive (+) effect on the pull-entrepreneurship and not effect on the push-entrepreneurship. Forth, it was found that desire for independence makes a positive (+) effect on the pull-entrepreneurship and mediating negative (-) effect on the push-entrepreneurship. The implication of this study was that potential entrepreneurs with desire for independence, rather than necessity-driven start-up due to unemployment, could be developed as pull-entrepreneurship improved the situation of push-entrepreneurship. In addition, it seems that entrepreneurship education and activation of entrepreneurship programs for employee with desire for independence expand opportunity-driven start-up after retirement.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.179-193
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• 2021

This study examines the use of satellite images for river classification and determination of stream reach, which is the first priority in the river environment assessment system. In the river environment assessment system used in South Korea, it is proposed to set a stream reach by using 10 or 25 times the width of the river based on the result of river classification. First, river classification for the main stream section of Cheongmi stream was performed using various river-related data. The maximum likelihood method was applied for land cover classification. In this study, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, which is an open data technology with a resolution of 10 m, was used. A total of four satellite images from 2018 was used to consider various flow conditions: February 2 (daily discharge = 2.39 m³/s), May 23 (daily discharge = 15.51 m³/s), June 2 (daily discharge = 3.88 m³/s), and July 7 (daily discharge = 33.61 m³/s). The river widths were estimated from the result of land cover classification to determine stream reach. The results of the assessment reach classification were evaluated using indicators of stream physical environments, including pool diversity, channel sinuosity, and river crossing shape and structure. It is concluded that appropriate flow conditions need to be considered when using satellite images to set up assessment segments for the river environment assessment system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.138-148
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• 2022

The 1920s and 1930s were when new trends became prominent in Korean housing architecture. This study began with a curiosity about the appearance of residential gardens during the transition period, when housing types were changing. Since gardens are constantly evolving and living spaces, it is not easy to give a clear picture of their evolution. However, through popular magazines and newspaper articles published in the 1920-30s, this study investigated how people perceived the gardens socially and how they engaged in gardening. First, the study of Gyeongseong's urbanization process revealed that people perceived gardens as a way to give natural beauty to the urban environment. Therefore, the creation of a residential garden was strongly encouraged. Second, the housing improvement movement, which the architects actively discussed during this period, emphasized that a garden is a factor that can help improve the quality of the residential environment in terms of hygiene and landscape aesthetics. Third, since the media provided information on gardening, it was confirmed that the number of people engaged in gardening as a hobby increased. As designers and gardeners who had received a modern education became more active, the concept of "designed gardens" was formed. Lastly, although the houses were divided into various types, the shapes of the gardens did not show a significant difference according to the architecture type. They tended to embrace the time's ideal garden design and style. Therefore, even in a traditional hanok, Western-style gardens were naturally harmonized into the overall architecture, and exotic plant species could be found. Although the gardens found in media images were limited to those belonging to the homes of the intelligentsia, it can be seen that representativeness was secured, considering the popularity and ripple effect of the media. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature as it confirmed the ideal gardens and gardening methods in the 1920s and 30s.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.599-608
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• 2020

This study aims to investigate the performance and satisfaction of occupational therapists at the Dementia Relief Center for health care of the elderly in local communities, and to provide basic data necessary for role establishment by checking occupational therapists' tasks according to the priority. The subjects of this study were occupational therapists in dementia care centers in the Honam area and Gwangju Metropolitan City, who were surveyed via mail and e-mail. The survey had a total of 54 items covering the general characteristics of the therapists and current state of the centers (n=8), performance and satisfaction with the service areas and task content of the centers (n=45), and tasks that were considered important (one short-answer question). It was found that occupational therapists at the Dementia Relief Center were mainly carrying out the "Dementia Prevention Management Projects", which provided the programs for the patients, and they showed the highest satisfaction. Although the 'MMSE-DS' is occupational therapists' own area with high performance and satisfaction, it was not assigned to the occupational therapists at the Dementia Relief Center, indicating that the role was insufficient. The tasks related "administrative works and strengthening community capacities" showed low performance and satisfaction, but they are essential for the operation of the Dementia Relief Center and the management of the patients, so the plans to increase the occupational therapists' performance should be established. The categories of projects that occupational therapists consider important were also consistent with those they had to perform. It means the occupational therapists at the Dementia Relief Center recognized their unique roles. In this context, to establish the role of occupational therapist at the Dementia Relief Center, it is necessary to amend the operating guidelines based on the performance, satisfaction, and priorities of the projects, and to develop the curriculums and programs that can improve the tasks with insufficient performance and low satisfaction.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.173-202
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• 2020

This study aims to enhance the family-friendliness of the region by examining the relationship between family relations and the community environment, and objectively comparing the local environment surrounding the family. To this end, we reviewed the areas of socio-cultural and economic sectors that affect the family relationship satisfaction, and in particular, analyzed the trend of changes in regional index by utilizing the Korean Family Happiness Composite Index (KFHCI) developed as a community indicators. This index utilizes community indicators published in the National Statistical Portal's "e-Region indicators," and these variables are related to family relationship satisfaction. Therefore, this study compared the seven areas of the Family Happiness Composite Index (Population Family, Health Culture, Education, Income Consumption, Employment Labor, Housing Transportation, Environment and Social Integration) by region, and examined the trends for 10 years. According to the study, the average score of KFHCI's entire region was rising from 2008 to 2018. Overall, the community environment that affects family relationship satisfaction is also improving. The regions belonging to the upper level were Jeonnam, Gangwon, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Gyeongbuk. Areas belonging to the lower level are Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, and Gwangju. In almost sectors, the lower-level regions did not have sufficient physical infrastructure compared to population density and over-density, and improved little by little, but not enough to reflect the needs of local people and improve the quality of life. In the future, we should develop more regular and complementary indicators to develop customized policies for each region that can improve the quality of family relationships. It will also be necessary to study the impact of each index field when a socioeconomic crisis occurs due to social disasters, and try to change indicators

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.231-243
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• 2022

Anthropogenic disturbances on freshwater ecosystem are known to degrade biodiversity, especially on fish assemblage. In this study, we have conducted fish surveys to identify impact of a bridge construction on fish assemblages. A total of eight study sites were surveyed in the Danjang and the Dong Stream in southern part of South Korea from June to November in 2021. The fish samplings were carried out five times, using cast-nets(10×10 mm mesh size), scoop-nets(4×4 mm, 5×5 mm mesh size), set-nets (10×10 mm mesh size), and fish traps (3×3 mm mesh size), along with the Stream/River Ecosystem Survey and Health Assessment by the Ministry of Environment of Korea and basic water quality measurement. Also, we applied the species diversity index and length-weight relationship regressions on certain species to identify interspecific growth rate differences in accordance with study sites. As a result, a total of 782 individuals, 23 species and 10 families were collected. The dominant species was Zacco Koreanus and relative abundance was 50.89%. When applying the length-weight relationship regressions on certain species, the 'b' value for Z. Koreanus was lower at the downstream points than at the upstream points of the construction site. In addition, when comparing to the results of the past survey, relative density of demersal fish at the upstream and downstream points decreased from 26% to 1.4%, and from 18% to 6.3%, respectively. In conclusion, it is considered that bridge construction negatively affects the habitat of fishes, especially on demersal fishes. Therefore, appropriate conservation efforts such as installation of silt protector and sand sedimentation pond are needed to alleviate the disturbance in habitat such as occurrence of turbidity and destruction of micro-habitats.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2007

New Wild Grape berry weighs approximately 3.7g, which is one fourth of the weight of the general grape wine (12.2g). The pH of New Wild Grape wine is around 3.34, which is lower by 0.3 than that (3.62) of general grape wine. It contains higher organic acids, so it has stronger sour taste. The sugar content of New Wild Grape is 17° Brix, which is higher than that (15° Brix) of general grape wine. The color of New Wild Grape is blackish, owing to the lower lightness, redness, and yellowness compared with those of general grape wine. Depending on the mixing with or without oak tree, there is little difference in the pH, organic acid, reducing sugar, and amount of alcohol after ripening for 1 year. In taste, New Wild Grape wine mixing with oak tree is evaluated better than that of the wine without oak tree. Especially, in the case of the wine mixing with oak tree's sawdust, the quality in color, taste, and smell became improved. After fermentation, the pH of New Wild Grape Wine ripened with oak tree charcoal increased from 3.82 to 3.86, as it gets more oak tree charcoal, and the organic acid decreased from 0.91㎖ to 0.86㎖. However, there is no difference in alcohol amount. Lightness in color tended to be reduced, whereas redness tended to be increased. Adding 3% of oak tree charcoal made the taste and smell improved. When fermenting New Wild Grape Wine with mixing 1% of oak tree's sawdust or 3% of oak tree charcoal, there is little difference in the pH and the organic acid, whereas there is a little difference in those of New Wild Grape Wine without addition of oak tree charcoal. As the addition of oak tree charcoal increased, the lightness and redness became higher. When fermenting New Wild Grape Wine with mixing 1% of oak tree's sawdust or 3% of oak tree charcoal in oak tree barre, the taste became improved.