• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2014

To improve the breeding efficiency of oriental pear, the inheritance of major fruit traits were analyzed using 4,035 seedlings of 15 cross combinations combined with 13 cultivars. Yearly variation of parental cultivars, broad-sense heritability of the traits, and frequency of seedlings with commercially acceptable characteristics by the mid-parent values were studied. Despite the heritabilities of traits related with pear the fruit texture were different depending on cross combination, the average narrow-sense heritability ($h^2$) for firmness, flesh hardness, flesh density and grit were over 0.6, a relatively high value. However fruit firmness showed different heritability among the cross combination and its value of cross combination between 'Niitaka' and 'Choju' was very low as 0.11. Positive correlation was not observed on fresh hardness, fresh density and grit but observed on firmness between mid-parent value and average value of offspring. Regression of offspring on firmness, fresh hardness, fresh density and grit between mid-parent value and average value of offspring were 0.778, 0.343, -0.273, 0.313, respectively. Frequency distributions of fruit texture in 15 cross combinations of pear seedling was influenced by parental characteristics. When fruit firmness was estimated as low, low ${\times}$ high and high ${\times}$ high values in parental fruits, firmness in their offspring exhibited low, medium and high, respectively. In addition, when parental grit by sensory evaluation were light ${\times}$ light and light-medium ${\times}$ medium-heavy, most of offsprings showed light and medium grit, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 2020

Persimmon flowers are fruit-bearing female, pollen-bearing male, or hermaphrodite, containing both a pistil and a stamen. Using prominent PCNA persimmons as male parents is very important for breeding programs, as the selection procedure for new cultivars bearing male flowers requires a long time and a large field in a traditional crossbreeding method. To improve breeding efficiency through early selection of male flower-bearing plants at the seedling stage, analysis was performed on 88 major cultivars whose gender expressions are known, using two male flower selection markers recommended by Akagi et al. The OGI locus marker and DISx-AF4S marker results showed that 83 and 72 cultivars, respectively, matched in terms of gender expression and marker analysis. For the OGI locus marker, 890 plants were selected from 2,509 seedlings obtained from crossbreeding with the mother plant "Migamjosang," which was the breeding cultivar. Comparing the gender expression of the flowers and the marker with 1,186 crossbred seedlings, excluding the unfertilized and dead plants, inconsistencies were found in 401 plants (33.8%). For the DISx-AF4S marker, 636 plants were selected from 889 seedlings obtained from 12 cross-combinations. The results of the sex expression and marker analysis were compared to 379 plants, excluding the unfertilized and dead plants, and inconsistencies were found in 247 plants (65.2%). These results indicate that the examined DISx-AF4S and OGI locus markers would not be suitable for utilization in the breeding field.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.712-721
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• 2015

To improve the breeding efficiency of oriental pear, heritability, correlation and frequency distribution of fruit ripening date were analyzed using 4,035 seedlings obtained from 15 families between 13 parental cultivars. Although variation of fruit ripening time was higher in most early-ripening parental cultivars than in late-ripening parental cultivars, according to analysis of average, standard deviation, and coefficient of ripening variation for ten years, fruit ripening time obtained from all parental cultivars was inherited narrower and more stable variation than others fruit trait, with 0.92-3.41 in coefficient of variation. The heritability of fruit ripening time was calculated to be over 0.8 in almost all crosses and average fruit ripening time of seedlings from cross combinations could be predicted based on that of the parental cultivars due to its superior heritability relative to other fruit traits. The average ripening time was earlier than the mid-parental value in families obtained from cross combinations using at least one late-ripening cultivar as parent, indicating that the early-ripening trait was more likely to be dominant compared to the late-ripening trait. By contrast, average ripening time was clustered in families of crosses not only between mid-season and early-season cultivars, but also between mid-season and mid-season cultivars. There was highly significant relationship (at 0.68) between mid-parental and progeny mean fruit ripening time. The correlation between fruit ripening time and fruit weight was also highly positive and thus, the mid-parental fruit ripening time could be a potent criterion for indirect selection of fruit weight.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.502-508
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methods of identifying zygotic seedlings of crosses between 'Morita unshiu' (Citrus. unshiu Marc.) and 'Ponkan' (C. reticulata Blanco). In order to investigate the frequency and position of zygotic seedlings and to determine the efficiency of zygotic seedling identification, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) were performed using UBC (9, 27, 229, 230, and 254) primers and F4/R27, F7/R14, F12/R10, and F44/R62 primer sets, respectively. A total of 37 putative zygotic seedlings out of 55 individuals were selected by RAPD and SRAP. The F7/R14 primer pair showed a screening ability of 45.5% (25/55), whereas the primer UBC27 revealed the highest efficiency of zygotic seedling identification (50.9%, 28/55). When both UBC27 and F7/R14 were properly used for selection of hybridized seedlings of 'Morita unshiu' (C. unshiu Marc.) and 'Ponkan' (C. reticulata Blanco), screening efficiency was increased to 60% (33/55) for putative zygotic seedlings. Thus, it is possible to select putative hybrid zygotic seedlings in an accurate and effective manner by RAPD and SRAP.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.810-817
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• 2010

We observed abnormal morphology of cotyledons occurring in seedlings derived from open-pollinated and cross-pollinated tetraploid grapes and selected aneuploids, especially hypo- and hyper-tetraploid in seedlings with abnormal morphology of cotyledons. Five types of morphologically abnormal cotyledons were observed. In open-pollination of four tetraploid grapes, the frequency of abnormal cotyledons was 1.6% (49 of 3029 seeds). Percentage of aneuploids in the seedlings of abnormal cotyledons was 20.4% (10 of 49 seedlings). Aneuploids in open-pollination consisted of three (4n = 4x-2), four (4n = 4x-1), and three (4n = 4x+1) seedlings. In cross-pollination of tetraploids, the frequency of abnormal cotyledons was 3.4% (59 of 1729 seeds). Percentage of aneuploids in the seedlings with abnormal cotyledons was 22.0% (13 of 59 seedlings). Aneuploids from cross-pollination of tetraploids consisted of two (4n = 4x-2), nine (4n = 4x-1), one (4n = 4x+1), and one (4n = 4x+3) seedlings. According to the results, although the abnormal cotyledon morphology of seedlings obtained from crossing between tetraploid grapes appeared at low rate (2.3%), aneuploid seedlings occurred at high rate (22.0%); therefore, it indicated that this selection strategy might be very efficient in the initial seedling stage.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.598-604
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• 2015

This study was carried out to develop molecular techniques to allow the selection of zygotic seedlings in the early stage of the plant development. We identified 37 pollen-specific molecular markers from RAPD analysis and successfully used them for identification of the zygotic seedlings from various hybrid crosses. Three Satsuma mandarin cultivars ('Morita unshiu', 'Nangan 20' and 'Miyagawawase') were used as mother parents and seven cultivars ('Ponkan', 'Lee', 'Kinokuni', 'Shiranuhi', 'Tamnaneunbong', 'Shinyegam', and 'Sunburst' mandarins) served as pollen parents. PCR analysis showed that 2 primers could identify zygotic hybrid seedlings. Among them, an UBC-27 primer was used to identify the zygotic seedlings from hybrid crosses of "'Nangan 20' ${\times}$ 'Kinokuni'" mandarin, "'Nangan 20 ${\times}$ Ponkan'" mandarin and "'Miyagawawase ${\times}$ Sunburst'" tangerine. In total 29 out of 40 seedlings (73%), 9 out of 47 seedlings (19%), and 13 out of 45 (29%) were identified as zygotic seedlings, respectively. These results can show that the pollen-specific markers selected in this study can be used effectively for early identification of zygotic seedlings from Citrus hybrid crosses.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the propagation system by seed to check growth, flowering, and making seed of four-year-old seedling cactus of potted Astrophytum asterias 'Nudum', A. asterias 'Super Kabuto', and A. myriostigma 'Nudum'. Plant height and width of Astrophytum asterias 'Nudum' and A. asterias 'Super Kabuto' was 5.3 to 5.5 cm, and 2.5 cm. However, plant height and width of A. myriostigma 'Nudum' was 7.6 cm and 5.6 cm as divided into 8 sections of body. In A. asterias 'Nudum', the mean seeded pod from April to September was 37.0% and the number of seeds in a pod was 43.0. In A. asterias 'Super Kabuto', the mean seeded pod from April to September was 22.5% and the number of seeds in a pod was 26.2. However, the mean seeded pod of A. myriostigma 'Nudum' from April to September was 32.3% and the number of seeds in a pod was 57.4. Especially, the seeded pod and the number of seeds in a pod of A. asterias 'Nudum' in July was the highest, 72.0% and 66.0. The sib crossing obtained much more seeded pods and the number of seeds per pod than that of selfing in the Astrophytum. The self crossing was formed from 9.0 to 20.0% of seeded pod, and 12.0 to 16.0 seeds in a pod. However, sib crossing was formed 60.0% seeded pod and 68.0 seeds in a pod on July of A. myriostigma 'Nudum'.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1994

Four tetraploid mulberry lines, Sawonppon No.11, No.13 and No.14, were induced by the colchicine treatment on the shoot tips of seedlings originated from the cross between Yongchonppong and Kaeryanppong. The major characteristics of the tetraploid lines were as follows: Green tip sprouting stage was similar to Kaeryanppong, a medium budding variety. Leaves were medium- to large-sized cordate type. Leaf surface was rougher and stronger than that of the diploid parents. Leaf thickness, leaf area weight and leaf water content were higher than those of the diploid parents. Average branch length was shorter than that of the diploid parents. Internode length and number of lateral branches were similar to the average values of the two parents. Death atop rate of branch was 1.6%~2.5% indicating strong cold-hardiness of the tetraploid lines. Therefore, these lines could be used as sources of cold-hardiness in developing triploid lines.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.143-148
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• 2015

A new Dianthus cultivar 'URI 2010-6' was selected among F1 progenies from a cross between interspecific hybrid 'Evergreen Emerald' as the seed parent and D. chinensis ' Ruby' as the pollen parent. In 2007, the cross w as made, and the seedlings of $F_1$ progenies were obtained and investigated. After three rounds of characteristic evaluation from 2008 to 2010, a clone was selected and registered as 'URI 2010-6' at the Korea Seed and Variety Service (plant variety protection number: 4431) in 2011. The flower of 'URI 2010-6' is caryophyllaceous, single type, and mainly bright red (Red, N79C) with secondary white (White, N155C) on the edge or as spots on the petal. The flower has diameter of 2.7 cm and length of 0.8 cm. This cultivar blooms continuously about 150 d on average and may be used as evergreen plant during winter months.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2019

유전체 전장 연관분석 (GWAS)은 단일염기다형성(SNP)의 유전자형과 표현형 간의 통계적인 연관성을 분석함으로써 품종 선발용 SNP Marker 개발에 응용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Tano Red와 Ruby seedless 교배실생 278 계통을 대상으로 여러 과실 특성에 따른 관련 SNP를 동정함으로써 육종 선발에 필요한 DNA marker 개발에 필요한 기초 유전 자료를 얻고자 하였다. 한 계통 당 5~10개의 포도알을 선택하여 과립중, 과육탄성, 과피탄성, 과육경도, 과피경도, 과립당 종자갯수, 과립당 종자무게 및 인장강도를 측정하였다. 각 개체는 Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) 방법으로 Sequencing하여 Reference genome (Vitis vinifera PN40024 12X v2.)과 mapping 하였다. MAF (Minor allele frequency) >5%, Missing Data <30% 의 조건을 가진 SNPs 만 1차 선발하여 TASSEL과 GAPIT 프로그램으로 GWAS 분석을 하였다. Manhattan plot 결과 과립중 형질에서는 33개, 과립당 종자무게 25개와 인장강도에서는 20개의 통계학적으로 유의한 SNPs 가 선발되었고, 특이적으로 이들 모두 18번 염색체에서 발견되었다. 그러나 나머지 형질에서는 유의한 차이를 보이는 SNPs를 선발하지 못하였다. 과실의 인장강도는 수확 후 저장성과 유통과정에 영향을 미치기 때문에 Marker 개발을 통한 품종선별이 중요하다. 향후 이러한 특성과 본 연구를 통해 동정된 SNPs 의 상관관계를 구체적으로 연구하여 Marker 개발에 활용하고자 한다.