• Title/Summary/Keyword: 광합성률

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Effect of Night and Daytime Temperatures on Growth and Yield of Paprika 'Fiesta' and 'Jubilee' (${\cdot}$야 온도가 착색단고추의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi Young Hah;Kwon Joon Kook;Lee Jae Han;Kang Nam Jun;Cho Myeong Whan;Kang Jum Soon
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.226-232
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    • 2004
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of night and daytime temperatures on growth and yield of paprika 'Fiesta' and 'Jubilee' under soil culture experiment in the vinyl houses during the 2003 and 2004 season. Total fruit yield was greater in 'Fiesta' than 'Jubilee' Marketable yield was not different between two cultivars, due to lower $\%$ marketable fruits in 'Fiesta'. mean Fruit weight was not different between two cultivars. Difference of yield between cultivars was due to fruit number, harves time and root condition. It was caused by cracked fruits to decrease $\%$ marketable fruits. Total yield was greater in nighttime temperature of $18^{\circ}C\;than\;15^{\circ}C$ and marketable yield was considerably greater because of $\%$ marketable fruits was higher. Mean fruit weight was slightly greater in nighttime temperature of $15^{\circ}C\;than\;18^{\circ}C$. Difference of fruit yield in treatments of nighttime temperature was due to fruit number and harvest time. There was not significant difference of yield between daytime temperature of $28^{\circ}C\;and\;31^{\circ}C$, but in $34^{\circ}C$, total and marketable yields were the least and mean fruit weight was the smallest because of decreased $CO_2$ concentration in the house, accerated vegetative growth, and the least chlorophyll content. There were no significant difference in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, maximal photochemical efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activities of all temperature treatments in this experiment. However it was clear that a little difference in error range of these results affects the source of crops in any case. It was not acknowledged that compensation effect by high temperature in daytime to the low temperature treatment in nighttime.

Characteristics of Growth and Photosynthesis of Peucedanum japonicum by Shading and Leaf Mold Treatment in Forest Farming (임간재배 시 차광과 부엽토 처리에 따른 갯기름나물의 생장 및 광합성 특성)

  • Song, Ki Seon;Jeon, Kwon Seok;Choi, Kyu Seong;Kim, Chang Hwan;Park, Yong Bae;Kim, Jong Jin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.105 no.1
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    • pp.78-85
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    • 2016
  • This study was carried out to determine the effects of shading and leaf mold treatment on growth characteristics and photosynthesis responses of Peucedanum japonicum in forest farming. It is very valuable as a sort of health food, so that the demand for the vegetable has increased recently. The experiment can not only increase the yield but also contribute to the development of eco-friendly technology for high-quality P. japonicum. It was performed by shading treatments (full sunlight, 35%, 50% and 75% shading) and leaf mold treatments (control, pine tree and chestnut tree). Height, stem diameter, root collar diameter, number of stem and dry weight were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under full sunlight. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under 35% shading. Photosynthetic rate, conductance to $H_2O$, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under full sunlight. Specially, photosynthetic rate was higher under chestnut-leaf mold in all shading treatment, and getting lower in the higher shading rate. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, it is concluded that P. japonicum grows nicely by maintaining 35% shading under chestnutleaf mold in forest farming. Thus, it is the most effective way to increase the yield for high-quality P. japonicum with eco-friendly technology.

Sapflow Change and Growth Response of Poplar Species under Swine Wastewater Irrigation (양돈폐수처리시 포플러의 수액이동과 생장반응)

  • Lee, Eu Ddeum;Woo, Su Young;Yeo, Jin Kie;Koo, Yeong Bon;Chun, Seung-Hoon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.98 no.6
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    • pp.740-747
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    • 2009
  • We examined sapflow of two Populus species such as Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa and Populus euramericana, grown under Swine wastewater treatment. Sapflow of Populus euramericana was 1.8 times higher than that of Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa for 14 months. Sapflow of Populus euramericana and Populus alba${\times}$Populus glandulosa was 4,628L and 2,538L during this period, respectively. Positive relationship between sapflow density and solar radiation and temperature had been shown. Mean temperature, relative humidity and sapflow was strongly associated. There was a decreasing sapflow tendency of the two poplar species during the late October when the mean temperature was decreased. In addition, the data showed high relationship between sapflow and photosynthesis. Two poplar species showed dramatic decrease of sapflow since October.

Development of a Chinese cabbage model using Microsoft Excel/VBA (엑셀/VBA를 이용한 배추 모형 제작)

  • Moon, Kyung Hwan;Song, Eun Young;Wi, Seung Hwan;Oh, Sooja
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.228-232
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    • 2018
  • Process-based crop models have been used to assess the impact of climate change on crop production. These models are implemented in procedural or object oriented computer programming languages including FORTRAN, C++, Delphi, Java, which have a stiff learning curve. The requirement for a high level of computer programming is one of barriers for efforts to develop and improve crop models based on biophysical process. In this study, we attempted to develop a Chinese cabbage model using Microsoft Excel with Visual Basic for Application (VBA), which would be easy enough for most agricultural scientists to develop a simple model for crop growth simulation. Results from Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) experiments under six temperature conditions were used to determine parameters of the Chinese cabbage model. During a plant growing season in SPAR chambers, numbers of leaves, leaf areas, growth rate of plants were measured six times. Leaf photosynthesis was also measured using LI-6400 Potable Photosynthesis System. Farquhar, von Caemmerer, and Berry (FvCB) model was used to simulate a leaf-level photosynthesis process. A sun/shade model was used to scale up to canopy-level photosynthesis. An Excel add-in, which is a small VBA program to assist crop modeling, was used to implement a Chinese cabbage model under the environment of Excel organizing all of equations into a single set of crop model. The model was able to simulate hourly changes in photosynthesis, growth rate, and other physiological variables using meteorological input data. Estimates and measurements of dry weight obtained from six SPAR chambers were linearly related ($R^2=0.985$). This result indicated that the Excel/VBA can be widely used for many crop scientists to develop crop models.

The effect of Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Anti-Oxidation Enzyme Activity on Carbon Dioxide Treatment in Summer Greenhouse Cultivation for Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) (여름철 시설 토마토 재배 시 Carbon Dioxide 처리가 광합성, 엽록소 형광, 항산화 효소 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Woo, Y.H.;Hong, K.H.;Oh, D.G.;Lee, K.H.;Kim, D.E.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 2016
  • The present study was performed to examine the high temperature adaptability with CO2 treatment for tomato under the condition of greenhouse cultivation during summer season. The plants with the CO2 concentration of 1000 ppm recorded higher scores in Fm/Fo and Fv/Fm but lower score in Fo than others through the measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence, which implicated that the plants with the CO2 concentration of 1000 ppm had more adaptability to high temperature than the others. At the condition of the same air temperature as 30℃ and 40℃, the photosynthetic rate was increased with the increase of CO2 concentration. When in the high air temperature state of 40℃, although the photosynthic rate was low in comparison with 30℃, its value was about 18.5umolm-2s-1 in case of 1000ppm. The higher concentration of CO2 made the more activated anti-oxidation enzyme (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) for the both cultivars as 'momotaro' and 'minichal'. The cultivar of 'minichal' performed the high temperature limit as 41℃ at the CO2 condition of 500 ppm and 43℃ at the CO2 condition of 1000 ppm through the estimation on the variation of chlorophyll fluorescence Fo by CO2 concentrations.

The Effect of Photosynthesis, Stomatal Conductivity, Thermotolerance and Growth on Foliar Fertilization of Carbonated Water at Lettuce Hydroponic Cultivation (상추 양액재배 시 탄산수 엽면시비가 광합성, 기공전도, 내서성, 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Woo, Y.H.;Kim, D.E.;Lee, J.W.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2019
  • Foliar fertilization of carbonated water during lettuce hydroponic cultivation was increased photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance as higher carbon dioxide concentration of carbonated water The higher the carbon dioxide concentration in the carbonated water was better growth of lettuce. However, the carbon dioxide concentration of 500 ppm and 700 ppm in the carbonated water was increased the tip-burn occurrence, and the yield was higher in the 300 ppm. the carbon dioxide concentration of 300 ppm in the carbonated water was lower in the fresh weight but increased yield resulted in the lower of the tip-burn occurrence The high temperature limits for growth were 32℃ in the control, 33℃ in the 300ppm and 34℃ in the 500 ppm according to analyze chlorophyll fluorescent Fo. The high temperature tolerance in lettuce increased approximately 4℃ by foliar fertilization treatments of carbonated water under this experiment conditions. Also the activity of SOD(superoxide dismutase), the antioxidant enzyme, was higher with high carbon dioxide concentration of the carbonated water.

Photosynthesis and Growth of Southern-type Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Response to Elevated Temperatures in a Temperature Gradient Tunnel (온도구배터널 내 상승온도에 의한 난지형 마늘(Allium sativum L.)의 광합성 및 생육 특성의 변화)

  • Oh, Seo-Young;Moon, Kyung Hwan;Song, Eun Young;Shin, Minji;Koh, Seok Chan
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.250-260
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    • 2019
  • This study assessed clove germination, shoot growth, photosynthesis and bulb development of southern-type garlic (Allium sativum L.) in a temperature gradient tunnel (TGT), to examine the impacts of increases in temperature on the growth of garlic and find a way to minimize them. The temperatures in the middle and outlet of the TGT were 3.2℃ and 5.8℃ higher, respectively, than the ambient temperature at the tunnel inlet. The germination of garlic cloves was late at temperatures of ambient+3℃ (in the middle of the TGT) and ambient+6℃ (at the outlet) than at ambient temperature (at the inlet). However, bolting and the timing of maximum leaf number per plant were faster at ambient+3℃ or +6℃ than at ambient temperature. Shoot growth was generally greater at ambient temperature. Bulb growth did not significantly differ according to cultivation temperatures, but fresh and dry weights were slightly higher at ambient temperature and ambient+3℃ in the late growth stage. The photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) were higher at ambient+3℃ than at ambient temperature. Furthermore, at ambient+3℃, the net photosynthetic rate (Amax) was high, while the dark respiration rate (Rd) was low. At ambient temperature and ambient+3℃, bulb development was healthier, resulting in better productivity and more commercial bulbs, while at ambient+6℃, the bulbs were small and secondary cloves developed, resulting in low commercial value. Therefore, at elevated temperatures caused by global warming, it is necessary to meet the low-temperature requirements before clove sowing, or to delay the sowing time, to improve germination rate and increase yield. The harvest should also be advanced to escape high-temperature stress in the bulb development stage.

Photosynthetic and Growth Responses of Chinese Cabbage to Rising Atmospheric CO2 (대기 중 CO2 농도의 상승에 대한 배추의 광합성과 생장 반응)

  • Oh, Soonja;Son, In-Chang;Wi, Seung Hwan;Song, Eun Young;Koh, Seok Chan
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.357-365
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    • 2016
  • The effects of elevated atmospheric $CO_2$ on photosynthesis and growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis) were investigated to predict productivity in highland cropping in an environment where $CO_2$ levels are increasing. Vegetative growth, based on fresh weight of the aerial part, and leaf characteristics (number, area, length, and width) of Chinese cabbage grown for 5 weeks, increased significantly under elevated $CO_2$ ($800{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$) compared to ambient $CO_2$ ($400{\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$). The photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance ($g_s$), and water use efficiency (WUE) increased, although the transpiration rate (E) decreased, under elevated atmospheric $CO_2$. The photosynthetic light-response parameters, the maximum photosynthetic rate ($A_{max}$) and apparent quantum yield (${\varphi}$), were higher at elevated $CO_2$ than at ambient $CO_2$, while the light compensation point ($Q_{comp}$) was lower at elevated $CO_2$. In particular, the maximum photosynthetic rate ($A_{max}$) was higher at elevated $CO_2$ by 2.2-fold than at ambient $CO_2$. However, the photosynthetic $CO_2$-response parameters such as light respiration rate ($R_p$), maximum Rubisco carboxylation efficiency ($V_{cmax}$), and $CO_2$ compensation point (CCP) were less responsive to elevated $CO_2$ relative to the light-response parameters. The photochemical efficiency parameters ($F_v/F_m$, $F_v/F_o$) of PSII were not significantly affected by elevated $CO_2$, suggesting that elevated atmospheric $CO_2$ will not reduce the photosynthetic efficiency of Chinese cabbage in highland cropping. The optimal temperature for photosynthesis shifted significantly by about $2^{\circ}C$ under elevated $CO_2$. Above the optimal temperature, the photosynthetic rate (A) decreased and the dark respiration rate ($R_d$) increased as the temperature increased. These findings indicate that future increases in $CO_2$ will favor the growth of Chinese cabbage on highland cropping, and its productivity will increase due to the increase in photosynthetic affinity for light rather than $CO_2$.

비음효과가 죽절초(Chloranthus glaber thunb. Mak.) 생장에 미치는 영향

  • Son, Seok-Gyu;Byeon, Gwang-Ok;Kim, Mi-Jeong;Je, Seon-Mi;U, Su-Yeong;Kim, Chan-Su
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.141-143
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    • 2005
  • 죽절초는 높은 광도 보다는 낮은 광도에서 생육이 건전하게 유지되고 광합성률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 죽절초가 최적으로 생육할 수 있는 조건은 전광의 약 70%정도로 낮은 광도인 실내환경에서 잘 적응할 것으로 추정되어 실내 조경 식물소재로 도입한다면 좋은 관상수가 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 식물 생장의 중요 조건 중 하나인 기공전도도 또한 70% 비음처리구에서 가장 높게 나타나 실내 조경식물로 죽절초가 생육하는 경우에 실내의 낮은 광도에서도 원활한 기공개폐가 이루어져서 실내공기 오염도를 낮추는데 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

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Physiological Responses of the Five Deciduous Hardwood Seedlings Growing Under Different Shade Treatments (광도 저하에 대한 5개 활엽수의 생리적 응답 반응)

  • Cho, Min Seok;Kwon, Ki Won;Kim, Gil Nam;Kim, Pan Gi
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.97 no.6
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    • pp.680-689
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    • 2008
  • This present study was conducted to investigate photosynthetic responses and chlorophyll fluorescence performances of Cornus controversa, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Betula schmidtii, Prunus leveilleana, and Acer mono seedlings growing under four different light intensity regimes (full sun, and 65~72%, 29~40%, 7~12% of full sun). As result, Cornus controversa, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Betula schmidtii showed outstanding photosynthetic capacities in full sun and showed low shade tolerance. Prunus leveilleana showed good photosynthetic capacity in three treatment levels except for 7~12% of full sun and showed common shade tolerance. While, Acer mono showed good photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll fluorescence in 29~40% of full sun. Acer mono showed the highest shade tolerance compared to the other four species.