• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.627-641
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• 2012

We found a few students had an error in the function and equation units, because most of mathematicians omitted the multiplication signs. In the mathematical history, the multiplication and parentheses signs had various changes. Based on the Histogenetic Principle, high level students know that the letter in the functions and equations represents a number and the related principles, so they have no big problems. But since the low level students stay in the early days in the mathematical history, they have some problems in the modern function and equation. Therefore, while we study the function and equation units with the low level students, we present that we have to be cautious when we omit the multiplication and parentheses signs.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2016

This study investigated the mathematical notation used today in terms of skip ping the parenthesis. At first we have studied the elementary and secondary curriculum content related to omitted rules. As a result, it is difficult to find explicit evidence to answer that question 'What is the calculation of the $48{\div}2(9+3)$?'. In order to inquire the notation fundamentally, we checked the characteristics on prefix, infix and postfix, and looked into the advantages and disadvantages on infix. At the same time we illuminated the development of mathematical notation from the point of view of skipping the parenthesis. From this investigation, we could check that this interpretation was smooth in the point of view that skipping the parentheses are the image of the function. Through this we proposed some teaching methods including 'teaching mathematical notation based on historic genetic principle', 'reproduction of efforts to overcome the disadvantages of infix and understand the context to choose infix', 'finding the omitted parentheses to identify the fundamental formula' and 'specifying the viewpoint that skipping the multiplication notation can be considered as an image of the function'.

• 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.20-24
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• 2016

Sequence-to-sequence 모델은 입력열을 길이가 다른 출력열로 변환하는 모델로, 단일 신경망 구조만을 사용하는 End-to-end 방식의 모델이다. 본 논문에서는 Sequence-to-sequence 모델을 한국어 구구조 구문 분석에 적용한다. 이를 위해 구구조 구문 트리를 괄호와 구문 태그 및 어절로 이루어진 출력열의 형태로 만들고 어절들을 단일 기호 'XX'로 치환하여 출력 단어 사전의 수를 줄였다. 그리고 최근 기계번역의 성능을 높이기 위해 연구된 Attention mechanism과 Input-feeding을 적용하였다. 실험 결과, 세종말뭉치의 구구조 구문 분석 데이터에 대해 기존의 연구보다 높은 F1 89.03%의 성능을 보였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.20-24
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• 2016

Sequence-to-sequence 모델은 입력열을 길이가 다른 출력열로 변환하는 모델로, 단일 신경망 구조만을 사용하는 End-to-end 방식의 모델이다. 본 논문에서는 Sequence-to-sequence 모델을 한국어 구구조 구문 분석에 적용한다. 이를 위해 구구조 구문 트리를 괄호와 구문 태그 및 어절로 이루어진 출력열의 형태로 만들고 어절들을 단일 기호 'XX'로 치환하여 출력 단어 사전의 수를 줄였다. 그리고 최근 기계번역의 성능을 높이기 위해 연구된 Attention mechanism과 Input-feeding을 적용하였다. 실험 결과, 세종말뭉치의 구구조 구문 분석 데이터에 대해 기존의 연구보다 높은 F1 89.03%의 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.181-207
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• 2009

The Korean Library Association has developed the Korean Cataloging Rules, fourth edition(KCR4) in 2003 and the National Library of Korea developed integrated version of KORMARC formats in 2006 on the basis of KCR4. Many educational institutions and libraries are currently cataloging based on KORMARC. Nevertheless, we have encountered many problems on KCR4 and KORMARC formats which needed to be modified. This study is aimed at pointing out the problems of KCR4 in describing 245 field which has a crucial and important role. Therefore, this study proposes the improvement methods of the use of parenthesis and subfield code in 245 field, and presents a description format of volume number, statement of responsibility and joint works including more than four persons.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.397-405
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to organize the system of special characters as UX/UI icon design elements, thus laying the groundwork for improvement direction for unclear use regulations. This study examines the theoretical background of UX/UI design and special characters and discovers UX/UI design and special characters' relations and assignments. Besides, the case study summarizes the system of special characters being utilized in the company's UX/UI icon design guidelines to produce the study results. As a result of the analysis, the special character types being utilized in UX/UI were graphic characters, mathematical symbols, punctuation marks, and parentheses. And the special characters commonly used in analysis cases, iOS, Android, and Windows, are ▶, ♥, ★, ○, ⊙, +, ×, ⋯. So this study organizes the common characters to standardize them. Hopefully, this study contributes to increasing the interest in the study of 'special characters' in the UX/UI design field and helps establish a framework for future industrial standards.