• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.104-108
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• 1999

1998년말 현재 우리나라의 시설원예 면적은 48,612ha이고 전체의 90.2%인 43,852ha가 단동비닐온실을 비롯한 관행온실이고, 9.8%인 4,760ha만이 자동화 온실이다. 관행의 단동비닐온실은 태양광에 의존하여 무가온으로 재배하고 있으며, 대부분 2중 하우스로 하거나 내부에 터널을 설치하여 보온덮개를 개폐하는 방식의 보온을 위주로 하여 온실의 온도를 관리한다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.193-209
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• 2009

Total collected benthic macro invertebrates in rice paddy fields were identified 3 phylum, 5 class, 13 order, 25 family, 32 genera and 36 species, those in organic rice field were 12 order, 22 family and 28 species, and in conventional rice field were 10 order, 19 family and 25 species. The almost collected species inhabit lentic zone but Semisulcospira libertina, Corbicula fluminea, and Tipula sp. were habitat on lotic zone. The number of benthic macro invertebrates species was higher in organic paddy field than in conventional field. Eleven species were collected only on organic but eight species only on conventional field. The number of individuals were 870 on organic rice field which higher 3.6-fold on conventional field. The diversity indices of organic rice field were 1.57-2.45 and 0.71-2.61 in the first and second survey, respectively. The higher diversity indices, the lower dominance indices.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.875-901
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• 2017

Although some skeptical views arguing that the impact of organic farming is quite limited to sustainable biodiversity, the organic agriculture has been generally accepted to have positive effects on various properties of soils not only on biophysical and ecological properties but also on biodiversity of the field. Therefore, this field investigation has been conducted to examine the effect of organic farming, relative to conventional agriculture, through a comparative investigations of the two systems for conserving local biodiversity of invertebrate animals. For this research, organic and conventional farming locations matched with both of a paddy field and a upland fields in Goesan-gun province (Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea) were selected to compare the species richness of invertebrate biodiversity as follows: location OP (Organic Paddy field), location OU (Organic Upland field), location CP (Conventional Paddy field), and location CU (Conventional Upland field). Among 249 species collected, the numbers of species collected in the locations practicing organic farming were greater than the locations practicing conventional farming both in paddy fields (104 vs. 84 species) and upland fields (108 vs. 77 species). Changes in species richness can be shown in the selected locations depending on the agriculture system with organic (50 species) or conventional (44 species) farming systems in the paddy fields, similarly with organic (42 species) or conventional (35 species) farming in the upland fields, respectively. Our present research clearly shows that a wide range of taxa, including insects, spiders and other invertebrates, benefit from organic management through increases in abundance or species richness. It has been also identified that four orders (Hemiptera, Diptera, Hynemoptera, and Araneae) that are largely intrinsic to organic paddy field, and another three orders (Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and Araneae) that are particularly beneficial for organic crop field regime.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.200-208
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to evaluate no-tillage cover crop cropping systems for organic farming in paddy. The experiment was performed at Ihyeon series (silt loam: 9.1% sand, 73.0% silt and 17.9% clay) which affected by different management practices. Planthopper population per 20 plant was significantly higher 65.3 for conventional tillage with chemical compounds (control) compared with 3.4~9.6 for no-tillage treatments (without rice straw or green manure, amended with rice straw, hairy vetch, rape, rye, and Chinese milk vetch). Also, disease severity of sheath blight was significantly higher 10.5% for control compared to 0.7~2.9% for no-tillage treatments. Four weed species, namely Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia prostrata, Rotala indica, and Aneilema keisak occurred in no-tillage paddy, whereas Monochoria vaginalis occurred in control only. The pH, available phosphate, and microbial biomass C in paddy were steeply decreased in response to submerging, but increased at first heading stage. Soil $NH_4$-N content at first heading stage was significantly higher in no-tillage treatments compared with control. The grain yield was significantly higher in 4.30 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for control than other treatments. Meanwhile, rice productivity was significantly higher in 2.69 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for no-tillage amended with Chinese milk vetch compared to other no-tillage treatments. The number of panicle per plant, grain number perpanicle, and percent ripened grain were highly related for increasing the yield of rice. These results show that Chinese milk vetch was optimum cover crop for organic farming in no-tillage paddy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.46-55
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• 2011

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1982.10a
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• pp.1-2
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• 1982

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.371-374
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• 2011

The objectives of the present study evaluated aquatic animals on the water in a rice field. Field investigation was carried out in conventional tillage without rice straw or green manure crop treatment (CTFS, check plot), no-tillage without cover crops (NTNT), no-tillage amended with rape (NTRA), no-tillage amended with rye (NTRY), no-tillage amended with hairyvetch (NTHV), and no-tillage amended with Chinese milk vetch (NTCM). Total dense population of aquatic animals in HTHV was significantly higher than the other plots (p<0.05) on May 30. Dense populations of Daphniidae and Culicidae on June 20 were lowest in CTFS compared to no-tillage plots (p<0.05). Furthermore, in principal component analysis (PCA), PC1 explained 44.9% of variance, whereas PC2 explained 26%, for a cumulative total of 70.9% and the PC1 of the PCA separated the samples from NT treatments and CFS (p<0.05).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.277-286
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• 1994

The pot experiment using $^{15}N$ isotope dilution technique was carried out to calculate the balance of nitrogen of surface applied urea in the rice-soil system. The $^{15}N$ concentration was determined by stable isotope ratio mass spcetrometer (model: VG ISO-GAS MM622). In the pots with $^{15}N$ labeled urea application at the rates of 15 and 30 kg N/10a, the percentage of nitrogen derived from fertilizer (NDFF) in rice was higher at the rate of 30 kg N/10a (average 89%) than at the rate of 15 kg N/10a (average 64%). However, the recovery as percentage of fertilizer N by rice was higher at the rate of 15 kg N/10a (65.5%) than at the rate of 30 kg N/10a (54.2%). The percentage of the fertilizer N remained in extractable inorganic N form at the rates of 15 and 30 kg N/10a were $13.5%\;(NH_4-N\;5.53%,\;NO_3-N\;7.99%)$ and $16.5%\;(NH_4-N\;7.49%,\;NO_3-N\;8.98%)$ in unplanted soil, and $2.0%\;(NH_4-N\;0.63%,\;NO_3-N\;1.32%)$ and$2.3%\;(NH_4-N\;0.87%,\;NO_3-N\;1.40%)$ in soil planted to rice, respectively. The dominant form of inorganic-N in soil after harvest was $NO_3-N$ form rather than $NH_4-N$ form regardless of urea application rate or rice cultivation. The percentage of the fertilizer N remained in organic N form at the rates of 15 and 30 kg N/10a were 65.0 and 41.8% in unplanted soil, and 23.7 and 26.9% in soil planted to rice, respectively. In conclusion, the efficiency of surface-applied urea was greater at the rate 15 kg N/10a than at the rate of 30 kg N/10a.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.223-240
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the economic value of organic wheat production using gelatin·chitin microorganisms in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju city. The soil condition of experiment field was clay loam Jisan series. The organically cultivated fields were sprayed gelatin and chitin degrading bacteria. The test was performed at conventionally cultivated field and organically cultivated field. Emergence of weed on organically cultivated field was significantly higher than conventionally cultivated field which sprayed herbicide before seeding. Weed emergence have a critical impact on grain yield. Occurrence of diseases and insect pests were higher than conventionally cultivated fields. In 2019, the amount of lodging in conventionally cultivated field were higher than conventionally cultivated field. In 2020, lodging and wet injury were occur in both field. Comparing yield element between organically and conventionally cultivated experimental area, grain yield in organically cultivated field was shown slightly higher amount than conventionally cultivated field. However in the actual yield of 2019, organically cultivated field shows 20% deceased yield because of overgrown weed. In 2020, weed emergence and yellow mosaic virus by wet injury cause 30% decease in the grain yield in organically cultivated field. Content of protein, carbohydrates, ash, water and fat in the grain were not different significance. In 2019, net incomes of conventionally cultivated wheat was 461,031 won/0.1 ha while organically cultivated wheat was 443,437 won/0.1 ha. In the rate of income, conventionally cultivated field was 83.0% as against organically cultivated field (73.3%). In 2020, net incomes of organically cultivated wheat was 437,812 won/0.1 ha while conventionally cultivated wheat was 418,281 won/0.1 ha. In the rate of income, conventionally cultivated field was 81.6% as against organically cultivated field (73.0%).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.311-317
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental properties of paddy soils depending on farming methods and seasonal variation. The paddy soils in 11 plots of conventional paddy and 24 plots of organic paddy were sampled and analyzed in four season of March, May, August, and October. The obtained data of soil properties were used for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance showed that only $NH_4-N$ and $P_2O_5$ were significantly different depending on farming methods. However, the differences of all soil properties depending on seasonal variation were strongly significant. Principal component analysis also presented that nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in soils were more significantly influenced by seasonal variation than farming method. Electric conductivity in soil was decreased from March to October. Amounts of soil organic matter in August and October were higher than that in March and May. T-N was decreased from March to October. $NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$ in the soil of both conventional and organic paddy were higher in May than other seasons. T-P concentration was found to be highest in August, but $P_2O_5$ concentration was lowest in August. It can be concluded that seasonal variation should be considered for analysis and comparison of soil environmental properties.