Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture (한국유기농업학회지)

Korean Association of Organic Agriculture (한국유기농업학회)
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Economic Analysis, Growth and Pests of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Gelatin·Chitin Microorganisms-treated Organic Culture

젤라틴·키틴분해미생물을 이용한 밀 유기재배와 관행재배의 생육, 병해충 발생조사 및 경제성 분석

  • 안필립 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학 농화학과) ;
  • 이지호 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학 농화학과) ;
  • 차광홍 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학 친환경농업연구소) ;
  • 서동준 (전라남도농업기술원 식량작물연구소) ;
  • 안규남 (전라남도농업기술원 식량작물연구소) ;
  • 윤창용 (전라남도농업기술원 식량작물연구소) ;
  • 김길용 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학 농화학과) ;
  • 정우진 (전남대학교 농업생명과학대학 친환경농업연구소 농화학과)
  • Received : 2020.12.10
  • Accepted : 2021.04.02
  • Published : 2021.05.31
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Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the economic value of organic wheat production using gelatin·chitin microorganisms in Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju city. The soil condition of experiment field was clay loam Jisan series. The organically cultivated fields were sprayed gelatin and chitin degrading bacteria. The test was performed at conventionally cultivated field and organically cultivated field. Emergence of weed on organically cultivated field was significantly higher than conventionally cultivated field which sprayed herbicide before seeding. Weed emergence have a critical impact on grain yield. Occurrence of diseases and insect pests were higher than conventionally cultivated fields. In 2019, the amount of lodging in conventionally cultivated field were higher than conventionally cultivated field. In 2020, lodging and wet injury were occur in both field. Comparing yield element between organically and conventionally cultivated experimental area, grain yield in organically cultivated field was shown slightly higher amount than conventionally cultivated field. However in the actual yield of 2019, organically cultivated field shows 20% deceased yield because of overgrown weed. In 2020, weed emergence and yellow mosaic virus by wet injury cause 30% decease in the grain yield in organically cultivated field. Content of protein, carbohydrates, ash, water and fat in the grain were not different significance. In 2019, net incomes of conventionally cultivated wheat was 461,031 won/0.1 ha while organically cultivated wheat was 443,437 won/0.1 ha. In the rate of income, conventionally cultivated field was 83.0% as against organically cultivated field (73.3%). In 2020, net incomes of organically cultivated wheat was 437,812 won/0.1 ha while conventionally cultivated wheat was 418,281 won/0.1 ha. In the rate of income, conventionally cultivated field was 81.6% as against organically cultivated field (73.0%).

본 연구 시험포장의 토양은 식양질의 지산통으로 우리나라 논토양의 평균적인 화학적 특성과 비교하면 유효규산과 pH가 높았으며 유효인산과 유기물함량은 낮았다. 관행 및 유기재배구의 생육특성은 초장과 수장, 분얼수는 유의적인 차이가 없었으며 입모수의 경우 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 유기재배구에서 관행재배구에 비해 잡초발생이 많았으며 이는 수확작업 시 수확량의 손실에 지대한 영향을 미쳤으며 주요 초종으로는 뚝새풀과 벼룩나물이었다. 밀의 생리장해로서 도복의 발생은 유기재배구보다 관행재배구에서 더 많이 발생하였는데 이는 질소질비료의 시용량과 관련이 있는 것으로 보여진다. 병해충발생은 겉깜부기병, 붉은곰팡이병, 흰가루병, 잎마름병, 누른모자이크병, 노린재류, 진딧물이 발생하였으며 유기재배구에서 겉깜부기병과 붉은곰팡이병 다소 발생하였다. 관행과 유기재배구에서 수확한 밀알의 성분분석 결과, 단백질함량은 전남지방에서 생산되는 밀의 평균값보다 낮았고 회분함량은 높게 나타났으며 2019년과 2020년의 연차 간 밀알성분의 차이는 단백질, 지방의 함량은 증가하고 수분, 탄수화물함량은 감소하였으며 회분은 비슷한 함량을 보였다. 2019년의 밀 수확량은 유기재배구(559 kg/0.1 ha)가 관행재배구(532 kg/0.1 ha)보다 더 높은 수량을 보였지만 2020년에는 배수불량으로 인한 누른모자이크병과 잡초 발생으로 관행재배구는 10%, 유기재배구는 30%의 수확량 감수를 초래했다. 2019년의 밀 재배농가의 순수익은 관행재배구(46만원/0.1 ha)로 유기재배구(44만원/0.1 ha)에 비해 다소 높게 나타났으며 경영비는 유기재배구(16.2만원/0.1 ha)가 관행재배구(9.4만원/0.1 ha)에 비해 다소 높았는데 이는 유기재배에서 비료비와 종자비가 관행재배보다 높았기 때문이었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 결과물은 농림축산식품부의 재원으로 농림식품기술기획평가원의 농생명산업기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 연구되었음(no. 316032-5).

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