• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.297-305
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• 2014

In this study, we installed the Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiver on the Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) from November 21 to 30, 2013 in order to monitor marine traffic and fishery activity in the jurisdictional sea area. The collected AIS raw data consist of static data report (MMSI, IMO NO., Call Sign, Ship Name, etc.) and position information report (position, speed, course, etc.), and the developed program was applied to classify ships according to ship flag and type information. The nationalities are released from the first three-digit numbers (MID) of MMSI, but in general most of small ships do not send an exact ship flag through Class B type AIS, a simplified and low-power equipment. From AIS data with flag information, ships under the flag of China had the highest frequency and the second was Korean flag, while in ship type cargo and fishing vessels were dominant in sequence. As for the ships without flag information, we compared the tracks with others in order to estimate ship flags. It can be said that fleets of ships with Chinese frequently appear sail together for fisheries over the waters, because the unknown ships followed a similar moving pattern with Chinese fishing vessels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2023

A variety of decarbonized energy sources are being developed globally to realize carbon neutrality (Net Zero) by 2050 as a measure to address the global climate crisis. As the Korean government has also established a Renewable Energy 3020 policy and promoted energy development plans using solar or wind power, large-scale offshore development projects not present before in coastal waters, such as offshore wind farms, are being promoted. From ships' point of view, offshore facilities present obstacles to safe navigation, and with the installation of marine facilities, ship collisions or contact accidents between ships and marine facilities may occur in the narrowed water areas. In addition, there are concerns about environmental pollution and human casualties caused by marine accidents. Accordingly, we review overseas and domestic offshore wind farm development plans, analyze whether institutional devices are in place to ensure the safe passage of ships in wind farm areas, and study the safe operation of large-scale offshore wind farms and safe passage of ships along the Korean coast by comparing overseas legislative cases with domestic laws and presenting a proposal to illuminate the legal blind sectors.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.19-26
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• 2013

The Military Demarcation Line(MDL) divided the two Koreas when armistice agreement was signed in 1953, July 27 but there was no regulation for the sea border. Since then, The North has constantly denied the legitimacy of the sea border, which has remained the inter-Korean maritime border. But the armistice agreement has been virtual maritime demarcation line for the avoidance of hostilities on the Korean Peninsula and maintain and manage the armistice system peacefully. Therefore we should strengthen the Korea's sovereignty over the NLL by tightening the effective control.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.6B
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• pp.683-688
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• 2011

Current is change to concept that management traffic of ship os magnified gradually to near shore waters from harbor. Therefore, introducing the technology of AIS in the ground station, lighthouse, bouy, sea facilities etc.. that is support equipment for safety sailing of ship and safety security of harbor and ship administration. The operation and maintenance of AIS for aids to navigation are required to efficient method. With this actuality, sea advanced nation of EU, USA, Japan that has been apply for developing AtoN AIS equipment that is connected equipment of technology standard in IALA. Because of it is expected to depend equipment in income, that is required to domestic technology of the AtoN AIS. This paper is targeted to development that is suitable automation AtoN AIS equipment in environmental peculiarity for constructor AtoN operating administration center. It has been realization send protocol for information interchange.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.1103-1107
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• 2009

Lately, trend is change to concept that management traffic of ship is magnified gradually to near shore waters from harbor. Therefore, introducing the AtoN AIS technology that install AIS in the ground station, lighthouse, bouy, sea facilities etc.. that is support equipment for safety sailing of ship and safety security of harbor and ship administration. The operation and maintenance of AtoN AIS are required to efficient method. With this actuality, sea advanced nation They has been apply for developing AtoN AIS equipment that is connected equipment of technology standard in IALA. Because of it is expected to depend equipment in income, that is required to domestic technology of the AtoN AIS. This paper is targeted to development that is suitable automation AtoN AIS equipment in environmental peculiarity for construnstrunstrAtoN operating administration center. It has been realization the interface module for control and monitoring system and the communications protocol for information interchange.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.289-297
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• 2018

This study reconstructs past vegetation changes in southeastern Korea over the last 30 thousand years using plant waxes (i.e. long chain n-alkanes) and their carbon isotopic compositions (${\delta}^{13}C_{alk}$) preserved in marine sediment core (KIODP 12-1) retrieved from the East Sea. Here we show changes in vegetation composition in the Korean peninsula in relation to the strength of the East Asian Summer Monsoon. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), when the summer monsoon weakened, precipitation decreased and $C_3$ grassland expanded. After the LGM, the summer monsoon gradually intensified, increasing rainfall, and thus expanding the forestland coverage. Precipitation climaxed from 10 to 6 kyr BP, which includes the Holocene Climate Optimum. The grassland began to expand since 5 kyr BP due to climate warming and drying towards the present. The ${\delta}^{13}C_{alk}$ values may also have been influenced by agricultural activities, which is known to have begun since the late Neolithic (ca. 7.0~3.0 kyr BP). Our results demonstrate how changes in the global climate state influence regional atmospheric circulation and precipitation distribution, and consequently terrestrial plant composition in southeastern Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.586-594
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• 2017

This study was carried out to identify the potential protected areas recognized by experts to conform to the international definition of protected areas for effective implementation of CBD Aichi Target-11. A policy forum of 13 experts on the protected area was formed and conducted four forums, two surveys, and examination in the context of international perspective to identify four potential protected areas including the water source protection area, riparian buffer zone, fishery resources protected area, and urban natural park area. Excluding the existing protected areas, the total size of the potential protected areas was about $5,643.9km^2$ composed of the terrestrial areas of $3,117.9km^2$ and the marine areas of $2,526km^2$. As such, we can expect the expansion of coverage of national protected areas by up to 3.11% of the terrestrial land and up to 0.67% of the terrestrial marine area. This study is meaningful in that it provides the fundamental information to achieve the national target of protected areas in response to CBD Aichi Target-11. Further research on improving the protected areas qualitatively and quantitatively and identifying and linking with other effective regional OECM are required to enhance the national protected area system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.808-814
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• 2021

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) explicitly stipulates the required performance of satellite based radio-navigation systems available for navigational purposes. Until 2019, the IMO had only recognized systems that could be serviced globally for satellite based radio-navigation. However, India's regional navigation satellite system has been approved recently, and other regional navigation satellite systems have also been made available for maritime navigation. Thus far, the IMO has approved the use of a total of five satellite navigation systems, such as the GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, and NavIC. In Korea, in addition to the four satellite based radio-navigation systems that are used excluding NavIC, Japan's regional navigation satellite system that has not yet been approved can be received. Japan has requested the IMO to recognize the QZSS as a WWRNS to formalize its use for ocean navigations. Given that the service coverage of the QZSS is not limited to Japanese territorial waters and also includes Korean waters, the suitability analysis of the QZSS for domestic navigation is important for maritime safety. This study aims to analyze the suitability of using the QZSS for domestic navigation. Accordingly, this work explores the status and plans of the QZSS as well as the performance required by the IMO for recognition as a WWRNS. The methods and environmental conditions examined in this work are described, and the analyzed results are presented in terms of positioning accuracy and availability.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.166-171
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• 2019

Aids to Navigation(AtoN) Accident can reduce the credibility of AtoN by adding extra works to the administrators, and cause burdens and inconveniences to the users during their navigation leading to social costs (or economic losses). Prior research on social cost estimation model to determine the Encounter cost, Administrative cost and Risk cost on the Aton model was done to estimate the economic losses due to AtoN Accident. However, this research could not provide adequate study results on risk cost estimates. Therefore, this study complements the estimation model presented in the previous study, and the estimated social cost of 249 AtoN Accidents that occurred during the last 10 years (2008-2017) in the Busan Regional Office of Oceans and Fisheries jurisdiction area. The risk cost was estimated using contingent valuation method since the AtoN is a non-market goods. As a result, the social cost of AtoN Accidents for the past 10 years was estimated to total 12.4 billion won including Encounter cost of 3.1 billion won (25.38%), Administrative cost of 1.7 billion won (13.62%), and Risk cost of 7.5 billion won (61.01%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2009

Maritime safety management needs active public participations because the sea is too wide for a government to respond to all unexpected accidents with limited resources. Marine rescue volunteer organizations of US, UK, Japan and Korea were compared one another on the base of disaster management governance theory, and recommendations for the development of marine rescue volunteer organization of Korea were proposed. The advanced organizations commonly have tradition of marine rescue voluntaryism in the advanced maritime countries. They have nation-wide networks and self-governing structures. Their main activities include public maritime safety education and fundraising programs as well as marine rescue operations. They have cooperative relationships with government agencies in charge of national maritime safety management, which are usually guaranteed by legislations or institutional systems. Donations from the public are major source of their finances. Members mainly consist of civil volunteers, and get basic compensations for their expenses. For the advancement of marine rescue volunteer organization of Korea, efforts are needed to strengthen the membership of civil rescue fleet, to activate public education and fundraising programs, and to amend the related law for institutional support.