• Title/Summary/Keyword: 관악

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Vulnerability Assessment to Urban Thermal Environment for Spatial Planning - A Case Study of Seoul, Korea - (공간계획 활용을 위한 도시 열환경 취약성 평가 연구 - 서울시를 사례로 -)

  • Eum, Jeong-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.109-120
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    • 2016
  • This study aims to assess vulnerability in urban thermal environments of Seoul by using indicators frequently used in previous studies as well as effective indicators for spatial planning like urban and environmental planning. For this purpose, fifteen indicators that influence urban thermal environments such as heat waves, urban heat island effects, and urban micro-climates were identified based on literature reviews. Indicators for presenting urban structure and spatial properties were included; for example, building volume as 'exposure to climate', buildings completed before 1980 as 'sensitivity', and green space areas as 'adaptive capacity'. Among them, twelve indicators were applied to assess vulnerability in urban thermal environments of Seoul by using a GIS spatial analysis combined with fuzzy logic. The results show that the Gangnam area is identified as more vulnerable to a heat environment as compared to the Gangbuk area. In the Gangnam area, Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, Dongjak-gu, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Gangseo-gu were relatively high in vulnerability, while Dongdaemun-gu, Gangbuk-gu, Gwangjin-gu, Jungrang-gu were relatively high in the Gangbuk area. Gwanak-gu, Dobong-gu, Eunpyeong-gu, and Nowon-gu, which include forested areas, have low vulnerability in the sectors of 'exposure to climate' and 'sensitivity' due to the impact of Gwanaksan and Bukhansan. However, some areas with high vulnerability like Seocho-gu and Gangnam-gu may have lower vulnerability if the indicator 'status of air conditioning' from the sector of 'adaptive capacity' is used. This study could support the establishment of a practicable thermal environment policy and spatial planning to reduce heat-related risks in the field of urban and environmental planning.

A Study on Jeong Su-yeong's Handscroll of a Sightseeing Trip to the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers through the Lens of Boating and Mountain Outings (선유(船遊)와 유산(遊山)으로 본 정수영(鄭遂榮)의 《한임강유람도권》 고찰)

  • Hahn, Sangyun
    • MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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    • v.96
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    • pp.89-122
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    • 2019
  • In this paper, I argue that the Handscroll of a Sightseeing Trip to the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers by Jeong Su-yeong (1743~1831, pseudonym: Jiwujae) is a record of his private journeys to several places on the outskirts of Hanyang (present-day Seoul) and that it successfully embodies the painter's subjective perspective while boating on these rivers and going on outings to nearby mountains. Around 1796, Jeong Su-yeong traveled to different places and documented his travels in this 16-meter-long handscroll. Several leaves of paper, each of which depicts a separate landscape, are pieced together to create this long handscroll. This indicates that the Handscroll of a Sightseeing Trip to the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers reflected the painter's personal subjective experiences as he went along his journey rather than simply depicts travel destinations. The Handscroll of a Sightseeing Trip to the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers features two types of travel: boating and mountain outings on foot. Traveling by boat takes up a large portion of the handscroll, which illustrates the channels of the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers. Mountain outings correspond to the sections describing the regions around Bukhansan, Gwanaksan, and Dobongsan Mountains. Jeong Su-yeong traveled to this wide span of places not just once, but several times. The fact that the Hangang River system are not presented in accordance with their actual locations shows that they were illustrated at different points. After visiting the riversides of the Hangang and Namhangang Rivers twice, Jeong Su-yeong delineated them in fourteen scenes. Among them, the first eight illustrate Jeong's initial trip by boat, while the other six scenes are vistas from his second trip. These fourteen scenes occupy half of this handscroll, indicating that the regions near the Hangang River are painted most frequently. The scenes of Jeong Su-yeong's first boating trip to the system of the Hangang River portray the landscapes that he personally witnessed rather than famous scenes. Some of the eight scenic views of Yeoju, including Yongmunsan Mountain, Cheongsimru Pavilion, and Silleuksa Temple, are included in this handscroll. However, Jeong noted spots that were not often painted and depicted them using an eye-level perspective uncommon for illustrating famous scenic locations. The scenes of Jeong's second boating trip include his friend's villa and a meeting with companions. Moreover, Cheongsimru Pavilion and Silleuksa Temple, which are depicted in the first boating trip, are illustrated again from different perspectives and in unique compositions. Jeong Su-yeong examined the same locations several times from different angles. A sense of realism is demonstrated in the scenes of Jeong's first and second boating trips to the channels of the Hangang River, which depict actual roads. Furthermore, viewers can easily follow the level gaze of Jeong from the boat. The scenes depicting the Imjingang River begin from spots near the Yeongpyeongcheon and Hantangang Rivers and end with places along the waterways of the Imjingang River. Here, diverse perspectives were applied, which is characteristic of Imjingang River scenes. Jeong Su-yeong employed a bird's-eye perspective to illustrate the flow of a waterway starting from the Yeongpyeongcheon River. He also used an eye-level perspective to highlight the rocks of Baegundam Pool. Thus, depending on what he wished to emphasize, Jeong applied different perspectives. Hwajeogyeon Pond located by the Hantangang River is illustrated from a bird's-eye perspective to present a panoramic view of the surroundings and rocks. Similarly, the scenery around Uhwajeong Pavilion by the Imjingang River are depicted from the same perspective. A worm's-eye view was selected for Samseongdae Cliff in Tosangun in the upper regions of the Imjingang River and for Nakhwaam Rock. The scenes of Jeong Su-yeong's mountain outings include pavilions and small temple mainly. In the case of Jaeganjeong Pavilion on Bukhansan Mountain, its actual location remains unidentified since the pavilion did not lead to the route of the boating trip to the system of the Hangang River and was separately depicted from other trips to the mountains. I speculate that Jaeganjeong Pavilion refers to a pavilion either in one of the nine valleys in Wooyi-dong at the foot of Bukhansan Mountain or in Songajang Villa. Since these two pavilions are situated in the valleys of Bukhansan Mountain, their descriptions in written texts are similar. As for Gwanaksan Mountain, Chwihyangjeong and Ilganjeong Pavilions as well as Geomjisan Mountain in the Bukhansan Mountain range are depicted. Ilganjeong Pavilion was a well-known site on Gwanaksan that belonged to Shin Wi. In this handscroll, however, Jeong Su-yeong recorded objective geographic information on the pavilion rather than relating it to Shin Wi. "Chwihyangjeong Pavilion" is presented within the walls, while "Geomjisan Mountain" is illustrated outside the walls. Handscroll of a Sightseeing Trip to the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers also includes two small temples, Mangwolam and Okcheonam, on Dobongsan Mountain. The actual locations of these are unknown today. Nevertheless, Gungojip (Anthology of Gungo) by Yim Cheonsang relates that they were sited on Dobongsan Mountain. Compared to other painters who stressed Dobong Seowon (a private Confucian academy) and Manjangbong Peak when depicting Dobongsan Mountain, Jeong Su-yeong highlighted these two small temples. Jeong placed Yeongsanjeon Hall and Cheonbong Stele in "Mangwolam small temple" and Daeungjeon Hall in front of "Okcheonam small temple." In addition to the buildings of the small temple, Jeong drew the peaks of Dobongsan Mountain without inscribing their names, which indicates that he intended the Dobongsan peaks as a background for the scenery. The Handscroll of a Sightseeing Trip to the Hangang and Imjingang Rivers is of great significance in that it embodies Jeong Su-yeong's personal perceptions of scenic spots on the outskirts of Hanyang and records his trips to these places.

A Study on the Decomposition of Litter and the Leaching of Mineral Nutrients in the Stands of Pinus rigida on Mt. Gwan-ak and Pseudosasa japonica on Odong-do (관악산의 리기다소나무림과 오동도의 이대림에서 낙엽의 분해와 무기양분의 세탈에 관한 연구)

  • Chang, Nam-Kee;Heui-Baik Kim;Jun-hi Yoo
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.51-58
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    • 1986
  • The decay rates of organic matter were investigated and the leaching rates were determined from the concentration distribution of N,P,K, Ca and Na in the soil profile at Pinus rigida stand on Mt. Gwan-ak and at Pseudosasa japonica stand on Odong-do. In order to determine the leaching rates θo/W wazs substituted with KL in Towner's equation. Decay rates were 0.191 at Pinus stand on Mt. Gwan-ak and 0.234 at Pseudosasa stan don Odong-do. Concentration distributions of N,P, K and Na in soil profiles were corresponed with Towner's model curve. Leaching rates determined from concentration distributions were 0.086, 0.079, 0.041, 0.029, 0.096 on Mt. Gwan-ak and 0.080, 0.056, 0.051, 0.008, 0.028 on Odong-do. The soil of Pseudosasa stand showed on the whole lower leaching rates than that of Pinus stand. The soil of Pseudosasa stand showing higher decay rate and lower leaching rates contained more concentration of each nutrient than that of Pinus stand.

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Field Test Results of Terrestrial Digital TV in Korea (한국의 지상파 DTV 필드테스트 결과)

  • 목하균;서영우;황해섭
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.140-158
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    • 2000
  • Testing of terrestrial Digital TV(DTV) broadcasting in Seoul and Kyung-gi region was started in May 1999. Tasks of the committee for DTV technical evaluation were to implement test procedures for DTV transmitting systems, to analyze various technical aspects of DTV and to complete a field test. This paper summarizes the field test results. The field test vehicle was designed and constructed to measure field data. We chose over 200 test points to verify the receiving status of DTV signals and compared them with the analog TV signals at the same site. The results showed stable and satisfactory reception of DTV signals over 70%. The system performance index was over 80%.

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Litter Production and Decomposition in the Pinus rigida Plantation in Mt. Kwan-ak (관악산에 식재된 리기다소나무림에서의 낙엽의 생산과 분해)

  • Kim, Jae-Geun;Chang, Nam-Kee
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.9-20
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    • 1989
  • Annual production and decomposition of litter were studied in piuns rigida platation in Mt. Kwan-ak. The peak time of litter production was October-November. The litterfalll at that time was 54% of annual litter production. But the peak time of litterfall of reproductive parts was Junejuly. The peak times of litter production in Alnus hirsuta plantation were June-July, and November. It is thought that difference of seasonal distribution of letterfall between two forest types were assigned to litter falling factors such as temperature and insects. Total amount of letter loss increased according to time. Particulary, the peak time of loss rate was July-August. It was shown that the protein and phosphorus were accumulated in the letter for an experimental period. The amount of crude protein increased to 150% of initial amount. The amount of potassium was increased by August and then decreased rapidly. The contents of crude fat, holocellulose, lignin, and Na were decreased slowly. The loss of holocellulose was the largiest among them. Calcium was in steady state. It was thought that this variation pattern was assigned to leaching of soluble parts by high temperature, rainfall and growth rate of microorganisms.

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Turnover Rates of Mineral Nutrients of Litters under Pinus koraiensis and Pinus rigida Forests (잣나무와 리기다송림하에 있어서 낙엽의 무기화에 관한 연구)

  • Chang, Nam Kee;Mi Hyeong Ko
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.28-33
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    • 1990
  • The turnover rates of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), calcium(Ca), potassium(K), and sodium(Na) during the decomposition of litter were studied in the Pinus koraiensis forest in Choon Chun and in the Pinus rigida forest in Mt. Gwanak, Seoul. The turnover rates of N, P, K, Ca, and Na were 0.064, 0.068, 0.040, 0.417, and 0.058 for the P. korai ensis litter and 0.049, 0.049, 0.023, 0.346, and 0.058 for the P. rigida litter respectively. The loss of elements follows the order Ca>P>N>Na>K in the P. koraiensis litter and the order Ca>Na>N=P>K in the P. rigida litter. Generally the turnover rates of cations were greater than those of anions.

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Improvement of Hydrologic Accuracy for Radar-derived Rainfall Estimation (기상 레이더 추정강수의 수문학적 정확도 개선)

  • Bae Deg-Hyo;Yoon Seong-Sim;Kim Jin-Hoon
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2005.05b
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    • pp.562-566
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구에서는 레이더 자료의 수문학적 적용성에 대한 정확도를 개선하고자 기상현업에서 운영하고 있는 관악산 도플러 레이더 자료를 활용하여 POD(Probability of Detection) 분석을 통해 레이더 오자료를 제거하고, 편차 보정기법을 적용하여 레이더 추정강수의 정확도를 개선시켜 이들의 수문학적 적용성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해 다양한 관측 고도각 별로 POD 분석을 수행한 결과 낮은 확률의 POD($p_l$)와 높은 확률의 POD($p_h $)의 범위가 변화하고, 레이더로부터 약 150 km 이상 떨어진 지역에서는 $1.95^{\circ}$ 이상의 고도각에서 탐지한 레이더 에코가 강수 추정에 유용하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 소양강유역을 대상으로 관측 강우량보다 과소추정되는 Marshall-Palmer 관계식의 레이더 추정강수를 편차 보정기법으로 실시간으로 보정하여 그 정확도를 향상시켰다. 보정된 레이더 추정강수를 HEC-1에 적용하여 유량해석을 수행한 결과, 보정된 레이더 추정 강수를 이용한 모의치와 관측유량사이에 매우 높은 상관성을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 편차 보정기법을 통해 보정된 레이더 강수는 수문학적 분석을 위한 입력자료로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

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An Experimental Study on the Radiation Characteristics of the Korean Traditional Musical Instruments (국악기의 음향 방사 특성 조사 연구)

  • Jeong C. H.;Chang H. W.;Ih J. G.;Lee W. G.;Haan C. H.
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • autumn
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    • pp.551-554
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    • 2004
  • 현재 국악기의 음향특성에 대한 상세 정보가 매우 부족하며, 이러한 점보의 부재는 국악당의 설계에 있어서 최적의 음향을 전달하는 공간을 형성하지 못하게 하는 한 원인이 되고 있다. 따라서, 대표적인 각종 국악기의 음향특성을 측정하고 분류한 후 데이터베이스를 구축하면, (1) 향후의 국악 및 국악기 개발에 대한 기초연구로서 활용들 수 있으며, (2) 국악전용 연주장의 설계에 있어서 입력 데이터로 요긴하게 활용될 수 있으리라 판단된다. 본 연구는 국악기의 음향방사특성을 조사하기 위한 제 2 단계의 연구로서, 기존의 연구 [1] 에 새로운 국악기 8 종을 추가하였다. 선정된 국악기는 현악기중에서 거문고와 해금, 관악기 중에서 피리와 태평소, 타악기 중 북과 꽹가리, 징 및 남성창으로, 원거리 (far-field) 음향 방사 특성을 조사하였다.

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A study on Monitoring for CFC-12 and CFC-11 in the atmosphere near Mt. Kwan-Ak. (관악산 대기 중의 CFC-12 및 CFC-11 모니터링에 관한 연구)

  • 김경렬;민동하;박미경;김은희;최상화;조하만;남재철
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 1994
  • A monitoring system for atmospheric CFC-12 and CFC-11 has been established at Mt. Kwan-Ak, Seoul National University (SNU) since July, 1991. The concentrations showed quite a large variation ranging from 495 to 37600 pptv (pptv=part per trillion, 10$^{-12}$ , v/v) for CFC-12 and from 233 to 12100 pptv for CFC-11 due to many local sources. However, monthly medians show rather limited ranges ; 553~765 pptv for CFC-12 and 301~431 pptv for CFC-11. Furthermore minimum concentrations could be defined relatively well during the whole period of observation. The regional background concentrations in 1993 near SNU wer estimated as 533 pptv for CFC-12 and 293 pptv for CFC-11. These values are very comparable to global averages in Northern Hemisphere, 523 pptv for CFC-12 and 287 pptv for CFC-11, reflecting the fast atmospheric mixing processes within the hemisphere. Examinations with meteorological parameters such as wind speed and direction suggest the possible measurement-window at SNU, appropriate for regional monitoring. Studies for improving the monitoring capability of the SNU station such as automation of the analysis system along with correlation with other meteorological parameters, are in progress at the present time.

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Measurement and Analysis of Terrestrial DTV Bitstreams in Korea (국내 지상파 DTV 비트스트림 측정 및 분석)

  • 권태훈;목하균;서영우
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.271-276
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    • 2002
  • It is very important to find errors in broadcasted streams because it can help us to find where errors occur. Broadcasted streams may have errors in the RF(radio frequency) or baseband domain. It is very important to fix these errors because it can help to stabilize set-top boxes, provide stable receiving, and give comfortable environments to watch TV. Since 2001, major terrestrial broadcasters in Korea started the DTV broadcasting in Kwan-Ak over Seoul area. In this paper, we provide some analysis on errors in MPEG-based TS streams, PSIP packets, and RF area which may occur in DTV systems and compare this result with that of USA.