• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.329-339
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• 2006

The production of lower olefins from methanol becomes an attractive process because of the rapid increase in crude oil price. This paper reivews the conversion mechanisms of methanol to hydrocarbons over zeolite and SAPO molecular sieve catalysts to understand the formation steps of lower olefins from methanol. The feasibility of the conversion mechanisms such as the direct mechanism based on well-defined intermediates and the hydrocarbon pool mechanism involving hydrocarbon moieties as an active centers is discussed with reepect to the induction period, the selectivity for products and the deactivation phenomena of the methanol conversion. The literature appeered since 1999 for the structure of the hydrocarbon pool and its catalytic role in the methanol conversion are summariged, and the prospect for the methanol-to-olefins process is described.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2012

Due to growing interests in the distribution of traffic volume through information dissemination such as VMS and traffic broadcasting system, the research on the driver's reaction and effect of the traffic report has continued. In this study, we propose a methodology, which estimates the traffic volume of diversion and the consequential diversion rate using FTMS data and TCS data, and the estimation is based on the analysis of the national highway and IC, in which real-time FTMS and TCS data are established. We also calculate the diversion rate of actual targeted sections and analyze the changes in time and spatial diversion rate. In this study, we define a deviation (considering a deviation due to dynamic properties of traffic conditions) found when the outflow traffic volume is temporarily higher than the average outflow traffic volume on a relevant time slot after providing traffic information. The diverting volume is considered to be caused by the traffic information, and the study determines the ratio of traffic volume on highways to that of route diversion as the diversion rate. The analysis on changes in the diversion rate in accordance with the time flow, the initial change in the diversion rate on upstream IC that first acquires the report on the traffic congestion is significant. After that, the change in the diversion rate on upstream IC affects the route diversion on downstream IC with spatial and time flow, and this again leads the change in upstream IC. Thereby, we confirmed that there is a feedback-control circulation system in the route diversion.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.203-223
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to reveal working time and psychological difficulties of national and public daycare center teachers in the operation process of an accreditation system and seek ways of resolving them. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 413 teachers in 291 national and public daycare centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 7 nursery teachers. It showed that in the operation process of an accreditation system, teachers had been performing heavy tasks of 11 hours daily, and they were experiencing psychological difficulties with the conflict 'between interactions with infants and other duties', 'between free exploration and safety health', and 'between our story and external criteria'. Based on the findings, the following changes of recognition for nursery teachers were required. First, there is a need for the change of recognition concerned with the child-care of high quality, rather than performing evaluation index. Second, there is a need for the change of recognition concerned with overall optimization rather than sectional optimization. This study is significant in that it suggested the basic direction for the operation process of an accreditation system, by exploring the psychological difficulties of nursery teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.128-150
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• 2013

This paper is to examine the interrelationship between morality (or ethics) and geography and education in terms of the moral and ethical dimension embedded moral turn in geography. Since the 1970s, the geography have morally turned with stressing realization of social relevance and justice through interest on moral issues such as the spatial inequality and human welfare in the world of difference. This moral turn in geography has formed the area of moral geography, and emphasized the ethics of care and responsibility of human and nature with warning of immoral geographies of others and nature in the world of difference with the recent trend of postmodernism. For morally careful geography teaching, it is now good time that geography educators need to think the moral turn in geography education. If geography education is willing to contribute to make a better world, it needs to reflect more morally on geography curriculum and instruction in terms of the ethics of care and responsibility.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.456-465
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• 2021

A recent report cited environmental issues, including climate change, as the most likely threat to Earth in the 2020s. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize that environmental problems today are not just problems of any particular region or country, but also problems of the future, and problems of the present day in which we live. Various interests and research on environmental issues have been conducted within Christianity based on the Christian worldview based on creation, degradation, and restraint. This interest began mainly in the Catholic camp in the early days, but gradually efforts have been made to link global care to Christian responsibility in evangelical Christian camps, including the World Council of Churches (WCC). At a time when interest in earth care is growing, the study suggested as follows for the Christian community: First, it is necessary to change from environmental protection and ecological preservation to life theology. Second, there is a need for a change of understanding of ecology that looks at nature. Third, at the Christian level, there should be a genuine recovery movement that is differentiated from secular environmentalism. Fourth, the church should be able to realize a society that can realize a true community with the world of creation while looking forward to the kingdom of God.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06b
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• pp.260-264
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• 2010

본 연구는 2010년 전국 정보과학기술(IT) 영재교육을 위한 학생 선발 과정을 중심으로 과거의 선발 과정과 차이점을 비교해보고, 정보과학기술에 관심이 있는 교육생을 대상으로 모집된 결과로 부터 성별, 지역별, 학교별 분포를 분석하였다. 분석결과에서 남학생과 여학생의 비율이 1 : 0.29로 나타났는데 이는 남학생보다, 여학생이 정보과학기술을 접하기 어려운 분야로 인식하고 있다는 것이다. 두 번째로, 지역별 분포비율을 조사한 결과 부산지역이 가장 많은 관심 비율을 보이고 있었는데, 이는 부산에 한국과학영재학교를 비롯한 부산광역시 교육청 산하 정보영재교육원과 같은 정보영재교육의 참여도가 많은 학생들이 지원한 것으로 보인다. 세번째, 중학생과 고등학생의 비율을 분석한 결과 중학생이 고등학생보다 약간 우위를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 좀 더 일찍 자신의 적성에 적합한 영재교육의 혜택을 경험해보기 위해서이며, 학업의 내용이 학교 교과과정에만 관심이 있는 것이 아니라, 자기계발을 위한 학부모와 학생들에 관심이 높아지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 국가적 IT 브랜드의 위상이 높아지고 IT의 발전이 학생들에게 많은 영향을 주었다고 본 연구에서는 판단된다. 정보과학기술 영재교육의 학생 선발 방식이 새롭게 전환되면서 무엇보다도 전국의 많은 학생들이 IT영재교육원의 교육 혜택을 받게 되었다는 점과, 많은 학생들이 온라인 교육을 통해서 소셜 커뮤니티를 형성하여 창의력과 자기계발 잠재력을 키울 수 있는 계기가 되었다는 점에서 큰 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.287-296
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• 2018

In the recent commercial DBMS market, as the users' burden and complaint which are related to high price licensing policy and late technical support service are increasingly rising, the concern for use of open source DBMS which has no problem with compatibility or stability is escalating. Due to the fact, the cases saving the cost are growing by converting Oracle Corporation's applications, which has about 60% share in the DBMS market, to an open source DBMS. However, in converting non-interchange sentences to an ANSI standard-based open source DBMS because of the use of PL/SQL in Oracle Corporation provides, a lot of manual work accompanies, so there is a lot of loss of time and money. Therefore, a tool that automatically converts PL/SQL to standard SQL is required. The proposed automation tool for the conversion of applications converts PL/SQL to Java Stored Procedure, an open source DBMS-based ANSI standard programming language. Through carrying out a test on the automation tool, it is proved that the tool will contribute to shortening time and saving cost by verifying the identity of input-output data and its reliability after correcting errors in converting to Java Stored Procedure.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.219-265
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• 2018

Recently, interest in energy tranisition is rising. Energy transition requires active participation and cooperation of diverse stakeholders, including users / citizens, in that it requires not only changes in technological factors but also changes and coordination of various social factors. Living labs are attracting attention as one of the ways to do this. This article is a detailed analysis of the activities of the mini-PV living lab in the urban area from 2016 to 2017 at the Seoul, Sung Dae Goal. Through the Living Lab, mini PV DIY products, backup centers, local financial services, and the development of a variety of education and training strategies have been achieved. These activities and achievements were analyzed through questions raised on strategic, tactical, and operational levels, as well as through multi-level perspective and interaction between initiative, regime, and niche. In conclusion, this living lab activity confirmed the possibility of a 'transition lap' to solve social problems such as sustainability of energy production and utilization. In particular, it gained remarkable results in terms of the operational leves of transition management governance, that is, transition experiment, and it was also remarkable in that it was the initiative of citizens. However, it did not proceed without difficulty. In particular, structural problems such as the conflict between the flexibility inherent in living lab and the bureaucratic rigidity of the financial support organization have appeared. There was also a limitation that there was no 'transition field' on the strategic level necessary to replicate and expand strategic niches while spreading the knowledge gained from the transition experiment, forming the vision of transition.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2007

Panax ginseng has been drawing world-wide attention since it was used for medicinal purposes and its effects was discovered in scientific manners. However, it is necessary to develope new ginseng products as functional foods to compete with western ginseng. Fermented ginseng could be an excellent solution, where useful probiotics are provided and ginsenosides are specifically transformed to functional forms. In this study, we investigated the growth and ginsenoside biotransformation by 21 Bacillus strains isolated from Chongkukjang and 12 lactic acid bacteria. 2.5% (w/v) and 1% (w/v) of ginseng were used in culture media containing only ginseng powder as a sole nutrient source, and their biotransformation abilities were tested after the growths were checked. All used Bacillus strains and lactic acid bacteria were able to grow well in ginseng powder media at higher levels than $10^{7}\;CFU/ml$. Most of Bacillus strains displayed ginsenoside transformation in a strain-specific manner. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrated that the strains tested in this study could be used as potential starters for the ginseng fermentation.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-145
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• 2008

Japan is now facing an aging society with fewer children. According to the demographic change in Japan, its economic effect on the economic growth has gained public attention. This paper focuses on the effect of the demographic change on economic growth in Japan, too. The first part illustrates the process of demographic transition in Japan. Thanks to successful Meiji Revitalizing Reform, Japan had experienced demographic transition earlier than the other East Asia countries. The second part of this paper describes relations between demographic factors and economic growth theoretically. In addition, it analyzes demographic effects on economic growth empirically using time series data of Japan from 1952 to 2005. It is the main finding of analyses that there are positive relations between demographic factor, including employment population rate, population rate and TFR, and economic growth. Therefore, in the near future, a decreasing labor force will cause economic stagnation in Japan. To overcome this problems, it is required to make various policies.