• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.2068-2075
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of university students on nutritional information according to food and nutrition labeling systems. A total of 310 customers, who visited family restaurant, were surveyed by a self-recorded questionnaire from March 2006 to April 2011. A total of 286 respondents were surveyed; of the respondents, 108 were males and 178 were females. Two surveys were conducted on the perception of the respondent's health: once in 2006 and once in 2011. According to these surveys, 63.6% and 54% of respondents perceived themselves as unhealthy, respectively. When ordering a meal, respondents were more concerned with price rather than taste, nutrition, new menu items, and food presentation. Compared with 2006, in 2011 more respondents felt that family restaurants provided enough nutritional information and practical use of that information to their customers. When surveyed, respondents felt that the total calories played a significantly higher role in ordering food than foods with higher nutritional values. There was a significant increase in satisfaction with the current nutrition labeling system; in 2006, $2.87{\pm}0.99$, and 2011, $3.35{\pm}0.84$. There was also a significant increase in individuals who felt that there was a need for an ingredient labeling system; $3.68{\pm}0.9$ in 2006 and $4.32{\pm}0.61$ in 2011. There was also a higher demand for nutritional information; $2.85{\pm}0.66$ in 2006, $3.06{\pm}0.65$ in 2011. From these results, it was concluded that the nutrition labeling system adopted by family restaurants did not affect the degree of customers' interest in nutritional information. Contrast to the results, the amount and frequency of nutritional information provided to customers have increased continuously since 2006. Therefore, the nutrition labeling system and recommended dietary allowance should be expanded in order to promote a healthy diet.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.87-115
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• 2012

Introduction: In these days, a loyalty program is one of the most common marketing mechanisms (Lacey & Sneath, 2006; Nues & Dreze, 2006; Uncles et al., 20003). In recent years, Coalition Loyalty Program is more noticeable as one of progressed forms. In the past, loyalty program was operating independently by single product brand or single retail channel brand. Now, companies using Coalition Loyalty Program share their programs as one single service and companies to participate to this program continue to have benefits from their existing program as well as positive spillover effect from the other participating network companies. Instead of consumers to earn or spend points from single retail channel or brand, consumers will have more opportunities to utilize their points and be able to purchase other participating companies products. Issues that are related to form of loyalty programs are essentially connected with consumers' perceived view on convenience of using its program. This can be a problem for distribution companies' strategic marketing plan. Although Coalition Loyalty Program is popular corporate marketing strategy to most companies, only few researches have been published. However, compared to independent loyalty program, coalition loyalty program operated by third parties of partnership has following conditions: Companies cannot autonomously modify structures of program for individual companies' benefits, and there is no guarantee to operate and to participate its program continuously by signing a contract. Thus, it is important to conduct the study on how coalition loyalty program affects companies' success and its process as much as conducting the study on effects of independent program. This study will complement the lack of coalition loyalty program study. The purpose of this study is to find out how consumer loyalty affects affiliated brands, its cause and mechanism. The past study about loyalty program only provided the variation of performance analysis, but this study will specifically focus on causes of results. In order to do these, this study is designed and to verify three primary objects as following; First, based on opinions of Switching Barriers (Fornell, 1992; Ping, 1993; Jones, et at., 2000) about causes of loyalty of coalition brand, 'brand attractiveness' and 'brand switching cost' are antecedents and causes of change in 'brand loyalty' will be investigated. Second, influence of consumers' perception and attitude prior to joining coalition loyalty program, influence of program in retail brands, brand attractiveness and spillover effect of switching cost after joining coalition program will be verified. Finally, the study will apply 'prior brand preference' as a variable and will provide a relationship between effects of coalition loyalty program and prior preference level. Hypothesis Hypothesis 1. After joining coalition loyalty program, more preferred brand (compared to less preferred brand) will increase influence on brand attractiveness to brand loyalty. Hypothesis 2. After joining coalition loyalty program, less preferred brand (compared to more preferred brand) will increase influence on brand switching cost to brand loyalty. Hypothesis 3. (1)Brand attractiveness and (2)brand switching cost of more preferred brand (before joining the coalition loyalty program) will influence more positive effects from (1)program attractiveness and (2)program switching cost of coalition loyalty program (after joining) than less preferred brand. Hypothesis 4. After joining coalition loyalty program, (1)brand attractiveness and (2)brand switching cost of more preferred brand will receive more positive impacts from (1)program attractiveness and (2)program switching cost of coalition loyalty program than less preferred brand. Hypothesis 5. After joining coalition loyalty program, (1)brand attractiveness and (2)brand switching cost of more preferred brand will receive less impacts from (1)brand attractiveness and (2)brand switching cost of different brands (having different preference level), which joined simultaneously, than less preferred brand. Method : In order to validate hypotheses, this study will apply experimental method throughout virtual scenario of coalition loyalty program if consumers have used or available for the actual brands. The experiment is conducted twice to participants. In a first experiment, the study will provide six coalition brands which are already selected based on prior research. The survey asked each brand attractiveness, switching cost, and loyalty after they choose high preference brand and low preference brand. One hour break was provided prior to the second experiment. In a second experiment, virtual coalition loyalty program "SaveBag" was introduced to participants. Participants were informed that "SaveBag" will be new alliance with six coalition brands from the first experiment. Brand attractiveness and switching cost about coalition program were measured and brand attractiveness and switching cost of high preference brand and low preference brand were measured as same method of first experiment. Limitation and future research This study shows limitations of effects of coalition loyalty program by using virtual scenario instead of actual research. Thus, future study should compare and analyze CLP panel data to provide more in-depth information. In addition, this study only proved the effectiveness of coalition loyalty program. However, there are two types of loyalty program, which are Single and Coalition, and success of coalition loyalty program will be dependent on market brand power and prior customer attitude. Therefore, it will be interesting to compare effects of two programs in the future.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.4 s.28
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• pp.555-577
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• 1989

This study was conducted to compare the delivery management including laboratory tests, medication and surgical procedures for the delivery in various medical facilities. Two university hospitals, two general hospitals, three hospitals, two private obstetric clinics, and two midwifery clinics in a large city were selected as they permitted the investigators to abstract the required data from the medical and accounting records. The total number of deliveries occurred at these 11 facilities between 15 January and 15 February, 1989 was 789 among which 606(76.8%) were vaginal deliveries and 183 (23.3%) were C-sections. For the normal vaginal deliveries, CBC, Hb/Hct level, blood typing, VDRL, hepatitis B antigen and antibody, and urinalysis were routinely done except the private clinics and midwifery clinics which did not test for hepatitis B and Hb/Hct level at all. In one university hospital ultrasonography was performed in 71.4% of the mothers and in one general hospital liver function test was done in 76.7% of the mothers. For the C-section, chest X-ray, bleeding/clotting time and liver function test were routinely done in addition to the routine tests for the normal vaginal deliveries. Episiotomy was performed in 97.2% of the vaginal deliveries. The type and duration of fluid infused and antibiotics administered showed a wide variation among the medical facilities. In one university hospital antibiotics was not administered after C-section at all while in the general hospitals and hospitals one or two antibiotics were administered for one week on the average. In one private clinic one pint of whole blood was transfused routinely. A wide variation was observed among the medical facilities in the use of vitamin, hemostatics, oxytocics, antipyreptics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents. sedatives. digestives. stool softeners. antihistamines. and diuretics. Mean hospital day for the normal vaginal deliveries of primipara was 2.6 days with little variation except one hospital with 3.5 days. Mean hospital day for the C-section of primipara was 7.5 days and that of multipara was 7.6 days and it ranged between 6.5 days and 9.4 days. Average hospital fee for a normal vaginal delivery without the medical insurance coverage was 182,100 Won for the primipara and 167,300 Won for the multipara. In case of the primipara covered by the medical insurance a mother paid 82,400 Won and a multiparous mother paid 75,600 Won. Average hospital fee for a C-section without the medical insurance was 946,500 Won for the primipara and 753,800 Won for the multipara. In case of the primipara covered by the medical insurance a mother paid 256,200 Won and a multiparous mother paid 253,700 Won. Average hospital fee for a normal vaginal delivery in the university hospitals showed a remarkable difference, 268,000 Won vs 350,000 Won, as well as for the C-section. A wide variation in the laboratory tests performed for a normal vaginal delivery and a C-section as well as in the medication and hospital days brought about a big difference in the hospital fee and some hospitals were practicing the case payment system. Thus, standardization of the medical care to a certain level is warranted for the provision of adequate medical care for delivery.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1997

This study was carried out to reveal the status of health examination among farmers and to attract more attention to the health care system for farmers. Ten pre-trained medical students interviewed the rural residents 18 years of age and older in eight villages which were randomly selected from a county near Taegu city in Korea, in August 1996. Finally 751 persons were interviewed of whom the percentages of male and female were 41.8%, 58.2% respectively. Among the subjects, 361(48.3%) were fully engaged in farming, 184(24.4%) were partly engaged, and the remaining 206(27.3%) were not engaged in farming at all. The overall prevalence of farmer's disease was 23.0% and there was no significant difference between the group of fully engaged in farming(23.3%) and the group of not-fully engaged(22.9%). But the prevalence of farmer's disease in female subjects(27.8%) was significantly higher than that in male(16.2%)(p<0.01). Among the 288 farmer engaged in spraying pesticide, 113(39.2%) had experienced one or more pesticide related symptoms during last one year, but only 18(15.9%) of them had visited medical facilities due to their symptoms. The experience of receiving education about pesticide was significantly correlated with the degree of wearing protectors during pesticide spraying(p<0.001). Among the 736 persons excluding non-respondents, 281(38.2%) received health examination during last one year ; 176(62.6%) of them received free health examination, and 105(37.4%) received charged one. Among the 533 persons 40 years age and older, only 124(23.3%) had received the 'health examination for the elderly' during last one year, which is provided for the 40 years age and older by Korea medical insurance corporation and medical insurance societies. Most of all beneficiaries of self-employed medical insurance thought the imposed contributions as very expensive(77.4%) or moderately expensive(13.2%). The great majority of farmers are exposed to various health risk factors including pesticide, high temperature, overwork etc. comparable to industrial workers. But farmers are excluded from the regular yearly worker's health examination because of not belonging to a company despite they pay relatively more medical insurance contributions compared with the industrial workers and the urban self-employed medical insureds. It is necessary to develop special health management program for farmers such as the special health examination for the industrial workers exposed harmful agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1293-1299
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• 2007

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status of the elderly residing in a silver town. A survey was conducted in April, 2005 for fifty two healthy persons (men 18, women 34) aged over 65 years living in a private silver town of Busan Metropolitan City, Korea. General data were collected using questionnaires at homes of the subjects and food consumption data for 3 days were obtained by investigating the individual leftovers from the meals served at the foodservice facilities by well-trained graduate students of the Department of Food & Nutrition. Nutrient intake was calculated from food consumption data using Can Pro (version 3.0, Korea). Average daily intake of energy was 1077.6 kcal in men and 974.2 kcal in women. Average protein intake of the men and women amounted to 85.5 g and 67.7 g, respectively. The consumption of cereals contributed 45.3% of energy intake for all subjects. Only 1.1% of calcium intake was from milk and milk products. Almost 100% of the elderly did not reach 75% of estimated energy requirement (EER) in energy intake and 75% of estimated average requirement (EAR) in folic acid intake. Percentages of the subjects who consumed protein above 125% of EAR were 100% and 91% in men and women, respectively. All subjects consumed above EAR in dietary intake of protein and iron. These data suggest that nutrient intake of the elderly living in the silver town would be inadequate, and thus the efficient management of foodservice is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the elderly living in the silver town.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.3 s.41
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• pp.1-22
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is that I should look for a desirous directions about home economics by studying the requirements and perception of the high school parents who have finished the course of home economics. It was about 600 parents whom I have searched Seoul-Pusan, Ganwon. Ghynggi province, Choongcheong-Gyungsang province, Cheonla and Jeju province of 600, I chose only 560 as apparently suitable research. The questions include 61 requirements about home economics and one which we never fail to keep among the contents, whenever possible and one about the perception of home economics aims 11 about the perception of home economics courses and management. The collections were analyzed frequency, percent, mean. standard deviation t-test by using SAS program. The followings is the summary result of studying of it. 1. All the boys and girls learning together about the Idea of healthy lives and desirous human formulation and knowledge together are higher. 2. Among the teaching purposes of home economics, the item of the scientific principle and knowledge for improvements of home life shows 15.7% below average value. 3. The recognition degree about the quality of home economics is highly related with the real life, and about the system. we recognize lacking in periods and contents of home economics field and about guiding content, accomplishment and application qualities are higher regardless of sex. 4. The important term which we should emphasize in the subject of home economics is family part. 5. Among the needs of home economic requirement in freshman, in the middle unit, their growth and development are higher than anything else, representing 4.11, and by contrast the basic principle and actuality is 3.70, which is lowest among them. 6. In the case of second grade requirement of home economics content for parents in the middle unit young man and consuming life is 4.09 highest. 7. In the case of 3rd grade requirement of economics contents in the middle unit the choice of coming direction and job ethics is highest 4.16, and preparing meals and evaluation is lowest 3.50.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate body shape perception, weight control behaviors and eating habits of adolescent girls in urban, suburban and rural areas of Korea to obtain basis for establishing adequate weight control program for adolescent. Methods : From May 2002 to November 2002, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted to examine body shape perception, weight control behaviors, eating habits and health status of 2,891 adolescent girls and 891 boys in Seoul, Ansan and Paju. Results : The proportion of underweight adolescent girl was decreased in rural area than in urban area. 46.3% of girls considered themselves to be somehow or very obese. Notably 3.2% of underweight girls considered themselves obese. 57.9% were unsatisfied with their own body shape. The proportion of dissatisfaction increased with age and body mass index (BMI), but there were no differences among area. The experiences of weight control increased by age, BMI and dissatisfaction of own body shape. The eating attitudes test-26 (EAT-26) score of girls was significantly higher than that of boys. The girls with high risk of eating disorder were 10.9%. And risk factors of eating disorder were living in urban area, severe stress for weight control excessive expenditure for appearance and think themselves unhealthy. Conclusion : The findings of this study demonstrate that there were serious impairment of body shape perception of adolescent girls and unhealthy, inadequate weight control behaviors were widely done. Therefore adequate weight control program for adolescent girl should be established promptly.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1976

1975년(年) 3월(月), 4년반(年半) 동안의 Chemical Abstracts 색인(索引)과 온-라인이 가능(可能)한 CA Condensates를 비교(比較)하였다. 두가지 데이터 베이스를 함께 이용(利用)하여 검색(檢索)하는 방법(方法)이 가장 효율적(效率的)이지만 실예(實例)에서 보는 바와 같이 CA Condensates를 검색(檢索)하는 것이 보다 실용적(實用的)이다. System Development Corp 사(社) (SDC)에 설치(設置)되어 있는 온-라인 형태(形態)인 CHEMCON과 CHEM7071을 Chemical Abstracts 색인(索引)과 비교(比較)하였다. 대부분(大部分)의 Chemical Abstracts 이용자(理容者)들은 Chemical Abstracts 책자나 우가색인(累加索引)에는 친숙(親熟)하지만 CA Condensates는 아마도 그리 친숙(親熟)하지 못할 것이다. CA Condensates는 서지적 사항을 기계(機械)로 읽을 수 있는 형태(形態)로 되어 있고 Chemical Abstracts에 따라서 색인(索引)되므로 매주 발행되는 Chemical Abstracts 책자의 뒷 부분이 있는 색인(索引)과 같이 우리에게 가장 친숙(親熟)한 형태(形態)로 되어 있다. Chemical Abstracts가 현재(現在) 사용(使用)하고 있는 데이터 데이스이지만 본고(本稿)에서는 Index와 Condensates를 둘 다 데이터 베이스로 정의(定義)한다. Condensates가 미국(美國)의 Chemical Abstracts Service 기관으로부터 상업적(商業的)으로 이용(利用)할 수 있게 되자 여러 정보(情報)센터에서는 이용자(利用者)들의 프로 파일을 뱃취방식(方式)으로 처리(處理)하여 매주 나오는 자기(磁氣)테이프에서 최신정보(最新情報)를 검색(檢索)하여 제공(提供)하는 서어비스 (SDI)를 시작하였다. 어떤 정보(情報)센터들은 지나간 자기(磁氣)테이프들을 모아서 역시 뱃취방식(方式)으로 소급(遡及) 문헌검색(文獻檢索) 서어비스를 한다. 자기(磁氣)테이프를 직접 취급(取扱)하는 사람들을 제외(除外)하고는 대부분(大部分) Condensates를 아직 잘 모르고 있다. 소급(遡及) 문헌검색(文獻檢索)은 비용이 다소 비싸고 두서없이 이것 저것 문헌(文獻)을 검색(檢索)하는 방법(方法)은 실용적(實用的)이 못된다. 매주 나오는 색인(索引)에 대해서 두 개나 그 이상의 개념(槪念)이나 물질(物質)을 조합(組合)하여 검색(檢索)하는 방법(方法)은 어렵고 실용적(實用的)이 못된다. 오히려 주어진 용어(用語) 아래에 있는 모든 인용어(引用語)들을 보고 초록(抄錄)과의 관련성(關連性)을 결정(決定)하는 것이 때때로 더 쉽다. 상호(相互) 작용(作用)하는 온-라인 검색(檢索)을 위한 Condensates의 유용성(有用性)은 많은 변화를 가져 왔다. 필요(必要)한 문헌(文獻)만을 검색(檢索)해 보는 것이 이제 가능(可能)하고 어떤 항목(項目)에 대해서도 완전(完全)히 색인(索引)할 수 있게 되었다. 뱃취 시스팀으로는 검색(檢索)을 시작해서 그 결과(結果)를 받아 볼 때 까지 수시간(數時間)에서 며칠까지 걸리는 번거로운 시간차(時間差)를 이제는 보통 단 몇 분으로 줄일 수 있다. 그리고 뱃취 시스팀과는 달리 부정확하거나 불충분한 검색방법(檢索方法)은 즉시 고칠 수가 있다. 연속적인 뱃취 형태의 검색방법(檢索方法)에 비해서 순서(順序)없이 온-라인으로 검색(檢索)하는 방법(方法)이 분명(分明)하고 정확(正確)한 장점(長點)이 있다. CA Condensates를 자주 이용(移用)하게 되자 그의 진정한 가치(價値)에, 대해 논의(論義)가 있었다. CA Condensates의 색인방법(索引方法)은 CA Abstract 책자나 우가색인(累加索引)의 방법(方法)보다 확실히 덜 체계적(體系的)이고 철저(徹底)하지 못하다. 더우기 두 데이터 베이스는 중복(重複)것이 많으므로, 중복(重複)해서 검색(檢索)할 가치(價値)가 없는지를 결정(決定)해야 한다. 다른 몇 개의 데이터 베이스와 CA Condensates를 비교(比較)한 논문(論文)들이 여러 번 발표(發表)되어 왔는데 일반적(一般的)으로 CA Condensates는 하위(下位)의 데이터 베이스로 나타났다. Buckley는 Chemical Abstracts의 색인(索引)이 CA Condensates 보다 더 좋은 문헌 (데라마이신의 제법에 관해서)을 제공(提供)한 실례(實例)를 인용(引用)하였다. 죠오지대학(大學)의 Search Center는 CA Condensates가 CA Integrated Subject File 보다 기능(機能)이 못하다는 것을 알았다. CA Condensates의 다른 여러 가지 형태(形態)들을 또한 비교(比較)하였다. Michaels은 CA Condensates를 온-라인으로 검색(檢索)한 것과 매주 나오는 Chemical Abstracts 책자의 색인(索引)은 수작업(手作業)으로 검색(檢索)한 것을 비교(比較)한 논문(論文)을 발표(發表)하였다. 그리고 Prewitt는 온-라인으로 축적(蓄積)한 두 개의 상업용(商業用) CA Condensates를 비교(比較)하였다. Amoco Research Center에서도 CA Condensates와 Chemical Abstracts 색인(索引)의 검색결과(檢索結果)를 비교(比較)하고 CA Condensates의 장점(長點)과 색인(索引)의 장점(長點), 그리고 사실상(事實上) 서로 동등(同等)하다는 실례(實例)를 발견(發見)하였다. 1975년(年) 3월(月), 적어도 4년분(年分)의 CA Condensates와 색인(索引)(Vols 72-79, 1970-1973)을 비교(比較)하였다. 저자(著者)와 일반(一般) 주제(主題) 대한 검색(檢索)은 Vol 80 (Jan-June, 1974)을 사용(使用)하여 비교(比較)하였다. CA Condensates는 보통 세분화(細分化)된 복합물(複合物)을 검색(檢索)하는 데 불편(不便)하다. Buckly가 제시(提示)한 실례(實例)가 그 대표적(代表的)인 예(例)이다. 그러나, 다른 형태(形態)의 검색실예(檢索實例)(단체저자(團?著者), 특허수탁저(特許受託著), 개인저자(個人著者), 일반적(一般的)인/세분화(細分化)된 화합물(化合物) 그리고 반응종류(反應種類)로 실제적(實際的)인 검색(檢索)을 위한 CA Condensates의 이점(利點)을 예시(例示)하였다. 다음 실례(實例)에서 CHEMCON과 CHEM7071은 CA Condensates를 온-라인으로 입력(入力)시킨 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2003

우리나라에 분포하는 모자반류는 모두 28종으로 알려져 있으며 (이와 강 2002) 이 가운데 식용으로 이용되는 것은 모자반 (S. fulvellum)이 대표적이다. 모자반의 양식은 주로 서남해 지역에서 이루어지고 있으며 이들의 종묘생산은 자연에서 생식기탁이 성숙되는 4-5월경에 이루어지는데, 유배의 대량 방출을 위한 성숙 모조의 다량 확보가 어렵고 일시에 유배의 대량 방출을 유도하기 위한 성숙 유도 기법의 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 모조의 실내 배양을 통하여 유배의 대량 방출을 위한 성숙 유도 기법과 배양 조건별 엽체의 성숙 및 난방출율을 구하여 모자반의 조기채묘에 유용한 자료로 사용하고자 하였다. 또한 채묘된 발아체의 초기생장에 필요한 최적 배양 환경을 구명하고자 하였다. 모자반 모조는 전남 진도군 조도 지역의 수심 3-5m에서 채집하였으며, 채집 즉시 실험실로 운반하여 유수식 사육 수조에 수용하였다. 성숙 유도는 20$\ell$ 플라스틱 bottle을 사용하였으며, 성숙률의 정량화를 위하여 암생식기탁을 절단하여 수차례 멸균해수에서 세척후 멸균된 5cm직경의 petri dish에 멸균해수20$m\ell$와 함께 수용하여 Multi-chamber incubator에서 배양하였다. 배양조건은 5개 온도조건 (5, 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$)과16:8h의 장일 광주기 조건으로하였으며 조도는 80 $\mu$molm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$로 하였다. 모든 실험구는 3반복 실험하였으며 2일 간격으로 생식기탁의 생장 및 성숙 그리고 난방출 여부를 현미경하에서 측정하였다. 난이 방출된 모조로부터 유배를 분리하여 3개 조도 구간 (30, 60, 100 $\mu$molm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$)과 5개 온도 구간 (5, 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$)의 조합인 15개 배양 조건하에서 엽체의 길이생장을 측정하였다. 생식기탁으로부터 난의 방출은 15$^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 배양 2일후부터 방출되기 시작하였으며, 배양 9일후 2$0^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 가장 높은 96.7$\pm$5.8%의 난방출율을 보였다. 또한 15$^{\circ}C$ 조건에서는 배양 9일후 76.7%의 난방출율을 보였다. 1$0^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$ 조건에서는 배양 11일까지 36.7%의 난방출율을 나타내어 온도 조건에 따라 난방출 비율에 차이를 보였다. 따라서 이러한 실내 배양 결과를 다량의 모조를 조기에 성숙시키기 위해 모조 수용 수조의 수온을 자연수온보다 2~5$^{\circ}C$ 높은 12~15$^{\circ}C$ 조건으로 유지하여 15일간의 수조 관리 후 모조의 대량 유배 방출을 유도할 수 있었다. 모조 성숙을 위한 사육 수조의 수온을 2$0^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 가온할 경우 엽체의 끝녹음을 유발하였으며 가온에 따르는 가온 비용이 수반되므로 엽체의 난방출율이 70% 이상에 도달하는 15$^{\circ}C$ 조건으로 유지하는 것이 경제적일 뿐만 아니라 엽체의 건전도 유지에도 바람직하였다. 유배의 초기생장은1$0^{\circ}C$와15$^{\circ}C$의 온도조건에서 길이생장이 빠르게 증가하여, 배양 35일 후 15$^{\circ}C$와 60 $\mu$molm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$의 조건에서 3.9$\pm$0.2mm로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 엽체의 초기 길이생장은 15$^{\circ}C$, 60 $\mu$molm$^{-2}$ -s$^{-1}$의 조도 조건에서 가장 우세하였으며, 다음으로 30과 100 $\mu$molm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$의 조건 순으로 나타났다. 2$0^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$의 온도 조건에서는 각각 1.8~2.1mm로 길이생장에 있어 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.677-688
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• 2007

돼지를 포함한 대부분의 동물은 일정한 발정주기를 가지고 일정한 시기에 배란을 하는 자연배란동물이지만, 토끼, 고양이, 밍크 등의 암놈은 교미자극에 의해 배란이 일어나는 유기배란동물이다. 또한 1년에 한 번만 발정하는 단발정동물과 1년에 수차례 발정하는 다발정동물이 있다. 이 중에서 모돈은 1년에 수차례 발정하는 다발정 동물로서 발정기에 들면 비발정기와는 다른 행동을 나타낸다(Diehl 등, 2001). 양돈가의 수익을 최대화하기 위해서는 비생산일수를 최소로 줄여야 한다. 모돈의 비생산일수를 줄일 수 있는 한 가지 방법은 성공적으로 교배를 시키는 것이다. 이처럼 성공적으로 교배를 시키기 위해서는 수정적기를 정확히 예측해야 한다. 만약 수정적기를 정확히 판단하지 못하여 수태가 되지 않으면, 비생산일수가 늘어나 손실을 입게 된다. 따라서 수정적기를 정확히 판단하는 것은 모돈의 성공적인 인공수정에 있어서 중요한 요소이다. 수정적기는 배란이 일어나기 전 10시간에서 12시간 사이이며, 발정이 시작되는 시점을 기준으로 하였을 때 경산돈의 경우 26시간에서 34시간 사이이고 미경산돈의 경우는 18시간에서 26시간 사이이다(Evans 등, 2001). 현재 하루에 두 번 모돈의 발정을 확인하는 것이 일반화되어 있으며, 이 때 웅돈을 접촉시키거나 육안관찰을 통하여 발정 유무를 판단한다. 이러한 방법에는 숙련된 기술과 풍부한 경험이 요구될 뿐만 아니라 총 소요노동력의 30% 정도가 요구된다(Perez 등, 1986). 하루에 두 번밖에 발정을 감지하지 않기 때문에 발정이 언제 시작되었는지를 정확히 알 수 없으며, 또한 발정의 대부분이 새벽에 시작되므로 수정적기를 정확히 판단하기란 매우 어렵다. 만약 발정을 감지했더라도 적기에 인공수정을 하지 못한다면, 수태율이 낮아지므로 경제적 손실이 초래된다. 현재 이러한 문제점 때문에 2회에서 3회에 걸쳐 인공수정을 하고 있으나 이에 따른 소요비용과 소요노동력 등은 양돈가의 부담을 가중시키는 요인이 되고 있다. 돼지는 발정기가 되면 비발정기에 나타내지 않던 외음부의 냄새를 맡는 행동, 귀를 세우는 행동 및 승가허용 행동 등을 나타낸다(Diehl 등, 2001). 또한 돼지는 비발정기에 비하여 발정기에 더 많은 활동량을 나타낸다(Altman, 1941; Erez and Hartsock, 1990). Freson 등(1998)은 스톨에서 개별적으로 사육되고 있는 모돈의 활동량을 적외선센서를 이용하여 측정함으로써 발정을 86%까지 감지하였다고 보고하였다. 그러나 이 연구는 단지 모돈의 발정을 감지하였을 뿐 번식관리에 있어서 가장 중요한 수정적기의 판단 기준을 제시하지 못하였다. 따라서, 본 연구는 스톨에서 사육되는 모돈의 활동량을 측정함으로써 발정시작시각을 감지하고 이를 기준으로 인공수정적기를 예측할 수 있는 인공수정적기 예측 장치를 개발한 후 이의 성능을 농장실증실험을 통하여 시험하고자 수행되었다.