• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2020.06a
• /
• pp.274-274
• /
• 2020

환경부 홍수통제소의 경우는 전국단위의 강수량(지상, 레이더), 하천수위, 유사량 관측과 국부적으로 증발산량과 토양수분 관측이 이루어지고 있는 상황이며, 기상청 및 다른 공공기관도 각 목적에 맞게 수문기상관측이 이루어지나 유역(또는 지역) 단위의 물순환 과정(강우량, 유출량, 증발산량, 지하수함양량, 토양수분량 등 포함)을 규명하는 조사·연구는 매우 미비한 실정이다. 개별적인 물순환 성분별 수문조사에서 벗어난 전체적인 관점을 고려한 유역단위의 물순환 과정을 규명하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 즉 물순환 성분별 명확한 수문량 산정 결과는 수자원 개발과 물환경 보전에 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 따라서 물순환 성분별 명확한 분석을 위해서는 중·소규모 유역 단위를 대상으로 지속적이고 신뢰성 있는 자료의 획득과 축적이 중요하므로 중·소규모 유역 단위의 대표성 있는 시험유역의 운영은 매우 의미가 있다고 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 한국건설기술연구원에서 운영하는 설마천 유역(유역면적 8.48㎢, 유로경사 2.15%, 경기도 파주시 적성면 소재)의 신뢰성 높은 2019년 관측자료를 이용하여 물순환 성분인 강우량, 하천유출량, 증발산량과 지하수 함양량의 자료를 산정하였으며, 물순환 성분별 균형을 이루는 자료를 생성하였다. 기본 관측자료인 강우량은 각 지점강우량의 관측자료의 비교·검토 등 품질관리를 통해 자료를 확정하고 유역평균강우량을 산정하였다. 하천수위는 기준수위표와의 검토를 통해 자료를 확정하였으며, 하천유출량은 유량측정성과와 단면검토를 통해 수위-유량관계곡선식을 개발하고, 확정된 수위자료를 적용하여 산정하였다. 그리고 증발산량은 유역내의 기상관측자료를 활용하여 잠재증발산량을 산정하였으며, 지하수함양량은 유역내에 관측된 지하수위자료를 이용하여 지하수 함양량을 산정하였다. 각 물순환 성분별로 산정된 자료는 과거년 자료와 비교·평가를 통해 균형성을 판단하였다. 각 성분별 최대치와 최소범위, 평균값을 고려하고, 강우일수, 강우의 강우강도와 지속기간, 기상자료(기온, 일조시간, 습도, 풍속 등)를 충분히 고려하였다. 각 물순환 성분별로 생성된 2019년의 설마천 유역의 총강우량은 1,024.1mm이며, 하천유출량은 608.6mm(총강우량 대비 59.4%), 실제증발산량은 385.1mm(37.6%), 지하수함양량은 30.4mm(3.0%)이다. 여기서, 실제증발산량과 지하수 함양량은 1개 지점에서 산정값이나, 물순환의 폐합 조건을 고려하여 산정된 결과이다. 향후 유역 전체를 대표하는 기법의 개발은 필요한 실정이다. 이와 같이 산정된 물순환 성분별 자료는 유역의 물순환 과정 규명을 위한 기초자료로 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있으며, 유역 물관리를 위한 의사결정 과정에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2020.06a
• /
• pp.273-273
• /
• 2020

환경부 홍수통제소의 경우는 전국단위의 강수량(지상, 레이더), 하천수위, 유사량 관측과 국부적으로 증발산량과 토양수분 관측이 이루어지고 있는 상황이며, 기상청 및 다른 공공기관도 각 목적에 맞게 수문기상관측이 이루어지나 유역(또는 지역) 단위의 물순환 과정(강우량, 유출량, 증발산량, 지하수함양량, 토양수분량 등 포함)을 규명하는 조사·연구는 매우 미비한 실정이다. 개별적인 물순환 성분별 수문조사에서 벗어난 전체적인 관점을 고려한 유역단위의 물순환 과정을 규명하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 즉 물순환 성분별 명확한 수문량 산정 결과는 수자원 개발과 물환경 보전에 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 따라서 물순환 성분별 명확한 분석을 위해서는 중·소규모 유역 단위를 대상으로 지속적이고 신뢰성 있는 자료의 획득과 축적이 중요하므로 중·소규모 유역단위의 대표성 있는 시험유역의 운영은 매우 의미가 있다고 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 한국건설기술연구원에서 운영하는 차탄천 유역(유역면적 190.64㎢, 유로경사 0.96%, 경기도 연천군 소재)의 신뢰성 높은 2019년 관측자료를 이용하여 물순환 성분인 강우량, 하천유출량, 증발산량의 자료를 산정하였으며, 물순환 성분별 균형을 이루는 자료를 생성하였다. 기본 관측자료인 강우량은 각 지점강우량의 관측자료의 비교·검토 등 품질관리를 통해 자료를 확정하고 유역평균강우량을 산정하였다. 하천수위는 기준수위표와의 검토, 상·하류 검토를 통해 자료를 확정하였으며, 하천유출량은 유량측정성과와 단면검토를 통해 수위-유량관계곡선식을 개발하고, 확정된 수위자료를 적용하여 산정하였다. 그리고 증발산량은 유역내의 기상관측자료를 활용하여 잠재증발산량을 산정하였다. 각 물순환 성분별로 산정된 자료는 과거년 자료와 비교·평가를 통해 균형성을 판단하였다. 각 성분별 최대치와 최소범위, 평균값을 고려하고, 강우일수, 강우의 강우강도와 지속기간, 기상자료(기온, 일조시간, 습도, 풍속 등)를 충분히 고려하였다. 각 물순환 성분별로 생성된 2019년의 차탄천 유역의 총강우량은 975.9mm이며, 하천유출량은 507.9mm(총강우량 대비 52.0%), 실제증발산량은 366.4mm(37.5%), 지하수함양량은 101.6mm(10.4%)이다. 여기서, 실제증발산량은 유역내 1개 지점의 잠재증발산량을 산정하여 추정한 값이며, 지하수 함양량을 산정을 위한 지하수위 관측정이 부재한 상황이나 물순환의 폐합 조건을 고려하여 산정하였다. 이와 같이 산정된 물순환 성분별 자료는 유역의 물순환 과정 규명을 위한 기초자료로 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있으며, 유역 물관리를 위한 의사결정 과정에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.345-366
• /
• 2018

Article 37 of the International Convention on Civil Aviation requires that rules should be adopted to keep in compliance with international standards and recommended practices established by ICAO. As SARPs are revised annually, each ICAO Member State needs to reflect the new content in its national aviation Acts in a timely manner. In recent years, data-driven international standards have been developed because of the important roles of aviation safety data and information-based legislation in accident prevention based on human factors. The Safety Management System and crew Fatigue Risk Management Systems were reviewed as examples of the result of data-driven rulemaking. The safety management system was adopted in 2013 with the introduction of Annex 19 and Chapter 5 of the relevant manual describes safety data collection and analysis systems. Through analysis of safety data and information, decision makers can make informed data-driven decisions. The Republic of Korea introduced Safety Management System in accordance with Article 58 of the Aviation Safety Act for all airlines, maintenance companies, and airport corporations. To support the SMS, both mandatory reporting and voluntary safety reporting systems need to be in place. Up until now, the standard of administrative penal dispensation for violations of the safety management system has been very weak. Various regulations have been developed and implemented in the United States and Europe for the proper legislation of the safety management system. In the wake of the crash of the Colgan aircraft, the US Aviation Safety Committee recommended the US Federal Aviation Administration to establish a system that can identify and manage pilot fatigue hazards. In 2010, a notice of proposed rulemaking was issued by the Federal Aviation Administration and in 2011, the final rule was passed. The legislation was applied to help differentiate risk based on flight according to factors such as the pilot's duty starting time, the availability of the auxiliary crew, and the class of the rest facility. Numerous amounts data and information were analyzed during the rulemaking process, and reflected in the resultant regulations. A cost-benefit analysis, based on the data of the previous 10 year period, was conducted before the final legislation was reached and it was concluded that the cost benefits are positive. The Republic of Korea also currently has a clause on aviation safety legislation related to crew fatigue risk, where an airline can choose either to conform to the traditional flight time limitation standard or fatigue risk management system. In the United States, specifically for the purpose of data-driven rulemaking, the Airline Rulemaking Committee was formed, and operates in this capacity. Considering the advantageous results of the ARC in the US, and the D4S in Europe, this is a system that should definitely be introduced in Korea as well. A cost-benefit analysis is necessary, and can serve to strengthen the resulting legislation. In order to improve the effectiveness of data-based legislation, it is necessary to have reinforcement of experts and through them prepare a more detailed checklist of relevant variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.279-287
• /
• 2010

To identify characteristics of the water quality at Goseong bay, we analyzed long term monitoring data collected at surface and bottom water which was accumulated during the period of 1987~2009. The result showed that the waters of Goseong bay represented mesotrophic level that is based on chlorophyll-a, DIP and DIN and seasonal average of COD that indicates level by the COD criteria. This analysis can be translated that the waters is comparatively clean even though the waters is in the closed bay that slowly diffuses influx mass. We also did the time series analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis on the moving average of the water parameter at Goseong bay. According to the results, DIP showed a increasing trend as time passed while DIN was on a decreasing trend under the same condition. In the waters of Goseong bay, the phyto-plankton growth was shown to be limited by DIN concentration. The chlrophyll-a was at the peak in August, at $4.60{\mu}g/L$. As the seasonal average and index were the highest in November, it was understood that the balance of nutrient at Goseong bay was dependent more on inner factors, ie, mass farming of aquatic species and release of bottom sediment rather than on inflow of fresh water. Accordingly, it is needed to consider the balance of nutrient like DIP and DIN to manage the water quality or estuaries at Goseong bay.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.67-96
• /
• 1975

The serious consequences of the roadside erosion and its impact on sedimentation and deterioration of roadside landscape continue to be documented in Koreas. An analysis on the landscape conservation treatments was made through the field survey for the 8 radial roadsides around Seoul area. This was performed to identify and evaluate the present restoration measures, and to establish the practical standard measures for the landscape conservation treatments on the cut-and banking roadside slopes.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.549-560
• /
• 2015

The priorities of siting restriction was derived from quantification of environmental hazard according to industrial classification based on 'Chemical Ranking and Scoring System(CRS)' which is handling the discharge characteristics of 31 industrial classifications regulated from locating at 'Industrial Complex in Rural Area(ICRA)'. CRS that is utilizing the data of 'Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers(PRTR)' is applied to determine human health risk and ecological risk which are calculated by discharged amount and materials $LC_{50}$ according to water, soil and air media based on industrial classification. From this process, exposure assessment and toxicity assessment for integrating the adverse environmental impact and the mitigation effect of environmental risk according to the development of environmental technologies into establishing the rational landuse management method for the 31 industrial classifications regulated from locating at ICRA was analyzed. From the assessment result of the siting restriction removal at ICRA for 31 industrial classifications, based on 2012 year reference 6 industries that includes Manufacture of Guilt Coloration Surface Processing Steel Materials, Manufacture of Biological Product, Manufacture of Smelting Refining and Alloys of Copper, Dyeing and Finishing of Fibers and Yarns, Manufacture of Other Basic Iron and Steel n.e.c., Rolling Drawing and Extruding of Non-ferrous Metals n.e.c. are calculated as having relatively lower environmental hazards, thus it is judged that the siting restriction mitigation at ICRA is possible for the 6 industrial classifications that are not discharging the specific hazardous water contaminants during manufacturing process.

• Industry Promotion Research
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2023

Sampling inspection methods for quality control have been proposed a lot in the industry. However, the sampling inspection method for reliability, which is a quality over time, has been relatively less presented, and there are not many literatures that are clearly summarized. Therefore, this paper focuses on the reliability conformity test to verify that the reliability evaluation scale value of the target is satisfied during the reliability test. To this end, first, we look at the conditions that both consumers and producers can satisfy in terms of the OC curve and find out what sampling methods satisfy the desired level of producer risk and consumer risk. Next, two methods of the reliability sampling methods such as attribute and variable reliability sampling methods are examined. Specifically, the attribute reliability sampling method is a form of sampling plan where n samples are tested for a certain period of T hours and the lot is accepted if the number of failures is less than or equal to a certain number c. On the other hand, the variable reliability sampling method is a form of sampling plan where the lot is accepted if the reliability evaluation scale such as MTBF satisfies a certain standard. Both sampling plans may also use inspection tables.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.85-99
• /
• 2000

Accurate information on habitat distribution of protected fauna is essential for the habitat management of Korea, a country with very high development pressure. The objectives of this study were to develop a habitat suitability model of wild boar based on GIS and logistic regression, and to create habitat distribution map, and to prepare the basis for habitat management of our country s endangered and protected species. The modeling process of this restudyarch had following three steps. First, GIS database of environmental factors related to use and availability of wild boar habitat were built. Wild boar locations were collected by Radio-Telemetry and GPS. Second, environmental factors affecting the habitat use and availability of wild boars were identified through chi-square test. Third, habitat suitability model based on logistic regression were developed, and the validity of the model was tested. Finally , habitat assessment map was created by utilizing a rule-based approach. The results of the study were as folos. First , distinct difference in wild boar habitat use by season and habitat types were found, however, no difference in wild boar habiat use by season and habitat types were found , however, ho difference by sex and activity types were found. Second, it was found, through habitat availability analysis, that elevation , aspect , forest type, and forest age were significant natural environmental factors affecting wild boar hatibate selection, but the effects of slope, ridge/valley, water, and solar radiation could not be identified, Finally, the habitat at cutoff value of 0.5. The model validation showed that inside validation site had the classification accuracy of 73.07% for total habitat and 80.00% for cover habitat , and outside validation site had the classification accuracy of 75.00% for total habitat.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.15 no.2 s.40
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2007

The digital working environment and its related technology have been rapidly expanding. In the surveying field, we have changed from using optical film cameras and plotters to digital cameras, multi sensors like GPS/INS etc,. The old analog work flow is replaced by a new digital work flow. Accurate data of the land is used in various fields, efficient utilization and management of land, urban planning, disaster and environment management. It is important because it is an essential infrastructure. For this study, LiDAR surveying was used to get points clouds in the study area. It has a high vegetation penetrating advantage and we used a digital process from planning to the final products. Contour lines were made from LiDAR data and compared with national digital base maps (scale 1/1,000 and 1/5,000). As a result, the accuracy and the economical efficiency were evaluated. The accuracy of LiDAR contour data was average $0.089m{\pm}0.062\;m$ and showed high ground detail in complex areas. Compared with 1/1,000 scale contour line production when surveying an area over $100\;km^2$, approximately 48% of the cost was reduced. Therefore we prepose LiDAR surveying as an alternative to modify and update national base maps.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.104-114
• /
• 2019

This study explored to analyze the winning determinants of the lawsuit cases on the urban and housing redevelopment project based on jurimetric methods. Based on affirm-rate and staircase matrix tables, 441 lawsuit judgments are analyzed. Research findings in affirm-rate analysis indicate that past legal relation, no own defect of accreditation, no ownership or association member status, lapse of period of litigation, and no legal interest are identified as higher rate in order for the reason for plea on the merit. And so are defect on calculation of consent rate, defect in relation with written consent, approval before zoning designation, defect in relation with general meeting, and defect on zoning designation for the issue on the merit. It is noteworthy from the staircase matrix table analysis that the criteria for affecting the lawsuit outcome is determined based on key forecasting variables such as past legal relation and no ownership or association member status. This study intends to provide the implication that the unnecessary disputes can be reduced in the urban and housing redevelopment project by the implementation of jurimetric quantitative analysis methodology from the perspective of empirical law.