• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.213-217
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• 2006

The halophilic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus is known to be a foodborne pathogen that causes septicemia in human. V. vulnificus infection is characterized by the high fatality rates and the primary attack against a person who have underlying diseases such as liver cirrhosis. However, there is no effective treatment for V. vulnificus septicemia except for classical treatments such as antibiotics. Recently, it has been known that lipoprotein (LDL) plays a major role in the protection against infection and inflammation. Consequently in this paper we analyzed the effects of LDL on V. vulnificus septicemia. We purified V. vulnificus cytolysin, a major virulent factor of V. vulnificus infection and measured inhibitory effects of mouse serum, cholesterol, and LDL on its hemolytic activity. Next experiments were performed to investigate whether LDL has a protective role against septicemia induced by V. vulnificus in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of LDL (1mg as protein) into mice 3hr before V. vulnificus $(1\times10^6\;CFU)$ injection, and V. vulnificus -induced lethality was determined. For the determination the relationship between LDL or cholesterol and prognosis, we determined serum levels of cholesterol and lipoprotein from V. vulnificus septicemia patients (n=15) who had visited the Chonbuk National University Hospital in Chonju. V. vulnificus cytolysin -induced hemolysis of mice erythrocytes was completely inhibited by serum, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein. V. vulnificus- induced lethality of mice injected with LDL showed only 40% compared to 100% of control. In survival groups (n=4) of V. vulnificus septicemia patients (n=15), their serum LDL and cholesterol revealed normal levels ($153.3{\pm}40.7,\;LDL;\;190.8{\pm}16.3$, Total cholesterol). However, in death groups (n=11) showed very low levels ($35.6{\pm}13.9,\;LDL;\;59.2{\pm}15.1$, Total cholesterol). Our study indicates that cholesterol and LDL are a prognosis indicator of V. vulnificus septicemia as well as an inhibitor of virulent action of V. vulnificus cytolysin. We suggested that the serum levels of cholesterol or LDL would be major index in the treatment and prevention of V. vulnificus septicemia.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2015

Food-Health indicators have been developed and utilized internationally in the 'Food' domain of environment and health indicators. In Korea, however, Food Safety Health Indicators which are in the introductory stage had been developed separately from Environmental Health Indicators. The aim of the current study is to suggest feasible applications of the domestic Food Safety Health Indicators as a case study. We introduced 3 possible applications which are as follows: 1) production of two types of Integrated Food Safety Health Index; 2) conduction of correlation analysis between the Integrated Food Safety Health Index and Food Safety Health Indicators; 3) conduction of regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between the Integrated Food Safety Health Index and socioeconomic status. As a result, we provided the calculated Integrated Food Safety Health Index I and Integrated Food Safety Health Index II, which represents the regional food safety level in relative and absolute terms, respectively. Integrated Food Safety Health Index I was significantly correlated with the outbreaks of food-borne diseases (caused by Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp. and unknown cause) and incidence of E.coli infections. Integrated Food Safety Health Index II significantly decreased as the proportion of foreigners and women increased, and increased as the population density increased. Utilization of such Integrated Food Safety Health Indicators may be helpful in understanding the overall domestic food safety level and identifying the indicators which must be considered with priorities to enhance the food safety levels regionally and domestically. Furthermore, analyzing the association between Integrated Food Safety Health Index and factors other than food safety could be useful in conducting risk management and identifying susceptible populations. Food Safety Health Indicators can be useful in other applications, and may serve as a supporting material in establishing or modifying policy plans to enhance food safety. Therefore, keen interests by researchers accompanied by further studies on food safety health indicators are needed.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.855-874
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• 2012

This research aimed to obtain basic data for elementary school students to form proper concepts by comparing the science gifted students and the ordinary students of elementary school with regard to the groundwater concept, formation process, existence forms, and movement. The research subjects were 65 fifth and sixth graders of the elementary school students and the spatial ability test was conducted on the subjects, and 4 science gifted students and 8 ordinary students chosen from the subjects were analyzed using half-structured interview data and ground water drawing drawn by the students. The conclusion derived in accordance with the research purpose is summarized as follows. It was found that there were no great differences in the answers to the question asking what groundwater is between the science gifted elementary school students with high spatial ability and the ordinary elementary school students with moderate spatial ability. The ordinary students with low spatial ability tended to regard groundwater as the concept of water and sewage. In the concept of the formation process of groundwater, the science gifted elementary school students with high spatial ability explained it by citing diverse surface water such as rainfall, river water, lake, and waterfall, and the ordinary elementary school students with moderate spatial ability all mentioned only rainfall and river water and could not explain diverse spatial factors. The ordinary elementary school students with low spatial ability mentioned rainfall and river water and perceived that groundwater was formed artificially. In the concept regarding the existence form of groundwater, the ordinary elementary school students with low spatial ability could not think of space perception that small pore space exists in earth or soil in the ground. The science gifted elementary school students with high spatial ability knew that groundwater exists in pore space with regarding groundwater movement, the ordinary elementary school students with low spatial ability thought that there was no groundwater movement and that it could be moved only by artificial facilities. There were differences in the perception of pore space and in the perception of existence and non-existence of groundwater movement accordingly, but for most of the elementary school students, the concept of groundwater was formed differently from the scientific concept. It is considered that most of the elementary school students formed erroneous concept about groundwater and could not connect ground water under the surface of the earth with the substances forming its surroundings with regard to the concept of groundwater.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.370-379
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• 2002

The composition of extractive nitrogenous constituents in four species of commercial marine seasoned-dried products (SDP) and five species of seasoned-dried and roasted products (SDRP) were analyzed. The extractive nitrogen contents were $688{\sim}1,124$ and $756{\sim}1,099\;mg/100g$ in SDP and SDRP extracts. Contents of Free amino acids such as glutamic acid, taurine, arginine, proline, alanine, and histidine were high in all samples. The combined amino acid amounted to $662{\sim}2,248$ and $1,146{\sim}1,821\;mg/100g$ in SDP and SDRP, respectively, which corresponded to 34.5 and 42.5% of the total free amino acid level. ATP and related compounds were $3.69{\sim}7.37$ and $2.17{\sim}8.45\;{\mu}mol/g$ in SDP and SDRP, respectively. Five types of betaines were detected in both specimens although in small amounts. TMAO, TMA, creatine, and creatinine were detected in both samples, however they have same variation in each sample. There was no significant difference in the extractive nitrogenous constituents between SDP and SDRP except in moisture, salinity, and contents of glutamic acid and creatinin (p<0.01).

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to establish postharvest management techniques including a temperature pre-conditioning protocol for maintaining fruit quality in newly developed early-season Korean pear cultivar 'Hanareum' (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). The fruits were treated with three different pre-conditioning temperatures (21, 25, or $29^{\circ}C$) for 4 days according to the harvest time (103 or 110 days after full bloom, DAFB). The percent weight loss was relatively low in the fruits subjected to low pre-conditioning temperature regardless of harvest time. The firmness of the fruits treated with pre-conditioning at $21^{\circ}C$ remained high during 20 days of simulated marketing at $25^{\circ}C$, although all treated fruits showed a general decline of firmness with extended time of simulated marketing. These fruits also showed higher appearance and a lower incidence of mealiness disorder symptoms. During the experimental periods, the production of ethylene was lower in the fruits pre-conditioned at $21^{\circ}C$ in comparison with those of treated at 25 and $29^{\circ}C$. High respiration rates were obvious in the fruits pre-conditioned at high temperature ($29^{\circ}C$), especially in the optimum-harvested fruits, where respiration was approximately two times higher than that of fruits exposed to $21^{\circ}C$ during pre-conditioning. However, the respiration rate was similar during simulated marketing at $25^{\circ}C$ regardless of harvest time. These results demonstrated that temperature pre-conditioning at $21^{\circ}C$ is a simple and effective postharvest technique for summer harvested Korean pear cultivars including 'Hanareum'.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.807-816
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• 2005

The objective of the study was to observe the effect of n-3 PUFA on cell proliferation and apoptosis by determining mRNA and protein of COX-2 and eicosanoid product and the mRNA and protein of Bu and Bcl-2 related to apoptosis in colon carcinogenesis of 1,2- dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated rats. Ninety male Sprague Dawley rats weighing about 170g were divided into 3 groups, control and n-3 PUFA supplemented groups (FO group: 6.2 mmoles n-3 PUFA; 2FO group: 12.4 mmoles n-3 PUFA) and fed experimental diet for 14 weeks. All rats were intramuscularly injected with DMH 15 mg/kg twice a week for 6 weeks to deliver total dose of 180 mg/kg body weight. Compared with the control group, 6.2 mmoles n-3 PUFA significantly reduced the levels of mRNA and protein expression of COX-2 and 2-series eicosanoids ($TXB_{2}$ and $PGE_{2}$) and decreased cell proliferation in colonic mucosa. However, high levels of n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly increased the levels of mRNA and protein expression of COX-2, TXB2 and PGE2. and increased cell proliferation which was similar level to that of control group. Compared with the control group, n-3 PUFA, regardless of the amount, significantly increased apoptotic index in colonic mucosa. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that the levels of mRNA and protein expression of Bax were significantly increased by 6.2 mmoles n-3 PUFA, but decreased by 12.4 mmoles n-3 PUFA. The analyses also showed the levels of mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 were significantly reduced by 6.2 mmoles n-3 PUFA, but increased by 12.4 mmoles n-3 PUFA. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in mRNA and protein was significantly reduced by 6.2 mmoles n-3 PUFA but increased by 12.4 mmoles n-3 PUFA. Overall, these results indicate that n-3 PUFA could be effective in preventing colon carcinogenesis by reducing cell proliferation with lower level of COX-2 and 2-series eicosanoid, and increasing apoptosis by inducing pro-apoptotic gene, Bax and inhibiting anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2 in the colonic mucosa of DMH-treated rats. However, high level of n-3 PUFA supplementation could stimulate colon carcinogenesis by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10): 807$\sim$816,2005)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.284-293
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the behavioral intentions of breastfeeding in single women using the theory of planned behavior. Methods: The questionnaires were distributed to 350 single women in her 20~30s, and 316 respondents were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The subjects showed strong intentions and favorable attitudes toward breastfeeding. The subjects were more favorably influenced by their mothers, siblings, friends, and coworkers who previously experienced breastfeeding than ones with no breastfeeding experiences. There were significant correlations between breastfeeding intention and attitudes (r = 0.321, p < 0.0001), subjective norms (r = 0.434, p < 0.0001), and perceived control (r = 0.307, p < 0.0001). However, regression analysis with two different age groups revealed that subjective norms (p < 0.0001) and perceived control (p < 0.001) contributed to the model of explaining breastfeeding intentions in subjects who were 25 years old or younger, whereas attitudes did not. In addition, subjects who were more than 25 years old showed that attitudes (p < 0.003) and subjective norms (p = 0.002) contributed to the model of explaining breastfeeding intentions while perceived control (p < 0.070) showed less contribution. Conclusion: These results suggest that the theory of planned behavior can be a useful tool to increase the rate of breastfeeding intentions in single women when designing educational materials, which requires consideration of age differences.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a valid instrument for measuring the dietary quality and behaviors of Korean elderly. Methods: The development of the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) was conducted in three steps: item generation, item reduction, and validation. The 41 items of the NQ-E checklist were derived from a systematic literature review, expert in-depth interviews, statistical analyses of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, and national nutrition policies and recommendations. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the level of agreement between the questionnaires and nutrient intake level, and 24 items were selected for a nationwide survey. A total of 1,000 nationwide elderly subjects completed the checklist questionnaire. The construct validity of the NQ-E was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, LISREL. Results: The nineteen checklist items were used as final items for NQ-E. Checklist items were composed of four-factors: food behavior (6 items), balance (4 items), diversity (6 items), and moderation (3 items). The standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of the items. The NQ-E and four-factor scores were calculated according to the obtained weights of the questionnaire items. Conclusion: NQ-E would be a useful tool for assessing the food behavior and dietary quality of the elderly.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.5 s.108
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• pp.561-568
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• 2006

WPS(Wearable Personal Station) for next generation PC can define as a core terminal of 'Ubiquitous Computing' that include information processing and network function and overcome spatial limitation in acquisition of new information. As a way to acquire significant dynamic gesture data of user from haptic devices, traditional gesture recognizer based on desktop-PC using wire communication module has several restrictions such as conditionality on space, complexity between transmission mediums(cable elements), limitation of motion and incommodiousness on use. Accordingly, in this paper, in order to overcome these problems, we implement hand gesture recognition system using fuzzy algorithm and neural network for Post PC(the embedded-ubiquitous environment using blue-tooth module and WPS). Also, we propose most efficient and reasonable hand gesture recognition interface for Post PC through evaluation and analysis of performance about each gesture recognition system. The proposed gesture recognition system consists of three modules: 1) gesture input module that processes motion of dynamic hand to input data 2) Relational Database Management System(hereafter, RDBMS) module to segment significant gestures from input data and 3) 2 each different recognition modulo: fuzzy max-min and neural network recognition module to recognize significant gesture of continuous / dynamic gestures. Experimental result shows the average recognition rate of 98.8% in fuzzy min-nin module and 96.7% in neural network recognition module about significantly dynamic gestures.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.125-139
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• 2013

Big data refers to the data that cannot be processes with conventional contemporary data technologies. As smart devices and social network services produces vast amount of data, big data attracts much attention from researchers. There are strong demands form governments and industries for bib data as it can create new values by drawing business insights from data. Since various new technologies to process big data introduced, academic communities also show much interest to the big data domain. A notable advance related to the big data technology has been in various fields. Big data technology makes it possible to access, collect, and save individual's personal data. These technologies enable the analysis of huge amounts of data with lower cost and less time, which is impossible to achieve with traditional methods. It even detects personal information that people do not want to open. Therefore, people using information technology such as the Internet or online services have some level of privacy concerns, and such feelings can hinder continued use of information systems. For example, SNS offers various benefits, but users are sometimes highly exposed to privacy intrusions because they write too much personal information on it. Even though users post their personal information on the Internet by themselves, the data sometimes is not under control of the users. Once the private data is posed on the Internet, it can be transferred to anywhere by a few clicks, and can be abused to create fake identity. In this way, privacy intrusion happens. This study aims to investigate how perceived personal information overload in SNS affects user's risk perception and information privacy concerns. Also, it examines the relationship between the concerns and user resistance behavior. A survey approach and structural equation modeling method are employed for data collection and analysis. This study contributes meaningful insights for academic researchers and policy makers who are planning to develop guidelines for privacy protection. The study shows that information overload on the social network services can bring the significant increase of users' perceived level of privacy risks. In turn, the perceived privacy risks leads to the increased level of privacy concerns. IF privacy concerns increase, it can affect users to from a negative or resistant attitude toward system use. The resistance attitude may lead users to discontinue the use of social network services. Furthermore, information overload is mediated by perceived risks to affect privacy concerns rather than has direct influence on perceived risk. It implies that resistance to the system use can be diminished by reducing perceived risks of users. Given that users' resistant behavior become salient when they have high privacy concerns, the measures to alleviate users' privacy concerns should be conceived. This study makes academic contribution of integrating traditional information overload theory and user resistance theory to investigate perceived privacy concerns in current IS contexts. There is little big data research which examined the technology with empirical and behavioral approach, as the research topic has just emerged. It also makes practical contributions. Information overload connects to the increased level of perceived privacy risks, and discontinued use of the information system. To keep users from departing the system, organizations should develop a system in which private data is controlled and managed with ease. This study suggests that actions to lower the level of perceived risks and privacy concerns should be taken for information systems continuance.