• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 1978

This experimentation aims to study on the characterics of tree growth by forestry land soil system and the effect of applied fertilizer by kind of tree for obtaining basic data on application of fertilizer to forestry land and to further investigate the restriction factor of tree growth by soil system for promoting more effective application of fertilizer to forestry area. 1. The characteristics of tree growth by soil system showed that tree growth was worst on erosive soil, bad on red or red and yellow soil and generally good on brown soil. 2. With regard to Black Locust, the restriction factor of its growth appeared the content of $P_2O_5$ in the soil and the less the content of $P_2O_5$ is in the soil, the worse its growth was and its growth was bad on clay soil. 3. The growth of pinus seems closely related with the content of $K_2O$ in the soil and the growth of PH was bad on neutral or alkali soil and good on weak-acid soil. Its growth greatly depended upon the content of OM or FN. 4. As Suwon Poplar is a kind of tree requiring for a special soil, its growth required for fertile soil and the content of O. MN $P_2O_5$ $K_2O$ was proportional to its growth. 5. The growth of Black Locust, pinus and Suwon Poplar was good on the soil containing much sand but bad on the soil containing much clay.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.3 s.29
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• pp.129-141
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• 2006

The vertical soil pressure developed in the granular layer of asphalt pavement system is influenced by various factors, including the wheel load magnitude, the loading speed, and asphalt pavement temperature. This research observed the distribution of vertical soil pressure in pavement supporting layer by investigating measured data from soil pressure gage in the KHC Test Road. The existing specification of subbase and subgrade compaction was also evaluated with measured vertical pressure. The finite element analysis was conducted to verify the accuracy of results with measured data because it can maximize research capacity without significant field test. The test data was collected from A5, A7, A14, and A15 test sections at August, September, and November 2004 and August 2005. Those test sections and test data were selected because they had best quality. The size of influence area was evaluated and the vertical pressure variation was investigated with respect to load level, load speed, and pavement temperature. The lower speed, higher load level, and higher pavement temperature increased the vertical pressure and reduced the area of influence. The finite element result showed the similar trend of vertical pressure variation in comparison with measured data. The specification of compaction quality for subbase and subgrade is higher than the level of vertical pressure measured with truck load so that it should be lurker investigated.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.256-271
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• 2018

The study aimed to investigate how the science gifted connect and integrate science concepts in the process of problem finding. Research subject was sampled from 228 applicants for a science gifted education center affiliated with a university in 2015. A creative problem solving test (CPST) in science, which administered as an admission process, was utilized as a reference to sample two groups. Sixty-seven students from top 30% in test scores were selected for the upper group and 64 students from bottom 30% in test scores were selected for the lower group. The CPST, which was developed by researchers, included one item about how to connect two science concepts among eight science concepts, sound, electricity, weight, temperature, respiration, photosynthesis, weather, and earthquake extracted from elementary science curriculum. As results, there were differences in choosing two concepts among four science major areas. The ways of connecting science concepts were characterized by three categories, relation-based, similarity-based, and dissimilarity-based. In addition, relation-based was characterized by attributes, means, influences, predictions, and causes; similarity-based was by attributes, objects, scientific principles, and phenomena, and dissimilarity-based was by parallel, resource, and deletion. There were significant (p<.000) differences in ways of connecting science concepts between the upper and the lower groups. The upper group students preferred connecting science concepts of inter-science subjects while the lower group students preferred connecting science concepts of intra-science subject. The upper group students showed a tendency to connect the science concepts based on similarity. In contrast, the lower group students frequently showed ways of connecting the science concepts based on dissimilarity. In particular, they simply parallelled science concepts.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.163-173
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• 2014

Since the 1990s, the brand has established itself as an important factor to consumers. Consumers is affected by not only the product's physical properties and functions but also the sensitivity associated with the consumption or the product itself. Thus, Many studies has been very active because of the increased interest to the brand that is recognized as one of the intangible assets that create value for the company. The purpose of this paper is to provide the result of methodical analysis about the relationship among leading variables that affect on brand loyalty. Concretely, by methodically defining the relationship among perceived brand quality, customer satisfaction and brand trust, that is leading variable which affect on brand loyalty, focused on frequently used oil companies, this paper would suggest scientific and practical implications through draw a conclusion that this relationship contributes on brand loyalty. The results of empirical test are as follows. Customer perceived brand quality based on fuel quality, positively influence on customer satisfaction and brand trust. Then, customer satisfaction and brand trust positively influence on brand loyalty. According to the results of this study in the oil market, customer cannot distinguish fuel product quality itself among oil companies. Therefore it is strongly suggested that oil companies build and maintain brand loyalty on the basis of perceived brand quality, customer satisfaction and brand trust.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.79
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• pp.226-259
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• 2016

Drawing on the autonomist Marxist concepts of 'social factory', 'immaterial labour', and 'precarity', this paper discusses the changed nature of labour, life and social relations in contemporary informational capitalism. More specifically, it first traces back to the early autonomist (operasimo) theories of 'social factory' and 'class composition' and then discusses how these earlier theories were developed into the concept of 'immaterial labour' by a group of later autonomist theorists such as Paolo Virno, Maurizio Lazzarato, Micheal Hardt, and Antonio Negri. Then, it reviews how the concept of immaterial labour was taken up to understand the nature of labour in digital economy within the tradition of Cultural Studies, closely intersecting with the critiques of 'creative labour'. Finally, it discusses how the changed nature of labour is interrelated with the neoliberal labour forces transformations such as casualization of employment and increasing insecurity in employment and life, which the autonomist explores with the concept of 'precarity', the material condition of immaterial labour.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

This study was intended to devise means to encourage participation for organizations taking part in "resident participation parks.", "Resident participation" has become increasingly recognized as an effective means of park management in Korea. To this end, this study analyzed the current status of social networks for civic organizations participating in park management with respect to their degree of participation, credibility and trust, and exchange of information. Among resident participation parks, "Seoul Forest Park" has been widely recognized as a model example; accordingly this study designated Seoul Forest Park as its primary research focus. Thirty core members of resident participation organizations were selected as test subjects. Members of the resident participation organizations under review came from various backgrounds, including government administrative organizations, citizens' groups, residents' groups, and private businesses. Surveys were used to provide data on credibility and trust between organizations, levels of participation, and exchange of information, as well as statistics on demographic affiliation. Results were examined through UCINET, a program designed to analyze social networks. Survey results indicated that 1) The "Seoul Forest Park Conservancy" and the "Seoul Forest Park Management Office" constituted a hub within their social networks that maintained significantly more relationships than other organizations with regard to levels of credibility and trust, participation, and exchange of information; 2) Social networks for organizations wishing to work together, or desiring active participation in the future tended to center on citizens' organizations in the environmental and arts fields; and 3) Women's associations and meetings of neighborhood("tong") leaders had very little significance as a center in the social networks of local residents groups, and indeed very few connections amongst themselves. The results of this research can be applied in the devising of proposals for encouraging participation in resident participation parks in consideration of the social networks between organizations engaging in park management activities for a diverse array of urban parks and other areas.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.612-628
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• 2001

This paper presents a methodology to extract classes and inheritance relations from procedural software. The methodology is based on the idea of generating all groups of class candidates, based on the combinatorial groups of object candidates, and their inheritance with all possible combinations and selecting a group of object candidates, and their inheritance with all possible combinations and selecting a group with the best or optimal combination of candidates with respect to the degree of relativity and similarity between class candidates in the group and classes in a domain model. The methodology has innovative features in class candidates in the group and classes in a domain model. The methodology has innovative features in class and inheritance extraction: a clustering method based on both static (attribute) and dynamic (method) clustering, the combinatorial cases of grouping class candidate cases based on abstraction, a signature similarity measurement for inheritance relations among n class candidates or m classes, two-dimensional similarity measurement for inheritance relations among n class candidates or m classes, two-dimensional similarity measurement, that is, the horizontal measurement for overall group similarity between n class candidates and m classes, and the vertical measurement for specific similarity between a set of classes in a group of class candidates and a set of classes with the same class hierarchy in a domain model, etc. This methodology provides reengineering experts with a comprehensive and integrated environment to select the best or optimal group of class candidates.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.515-551
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• 2014

Recently, there has been a debate as to whether bioethanol should replace some portion of gasoline for fuels in South Korea, as energy security as well as climate change issues are rising as a significant national agenda. However, a considerable amount of subsidy will be required to compensate for the higher price of bioethanol-blended gasoline. In this context, government subsidy will obtain justification only when the positive social gains from consuming bioethanol for fuels can exceed the negative social costs. Through a nation-wide choice experimental survey, we examine if South Koreans have a positive value as well as non-linear preferences on substituting bioethanol for gasoline. The results reveal that the willingness to pay for purely domestic bioethanol-blended gasoline within 10% is about 52 KRW; Koreans have concave preferences on the blending ratio of bioethanol to gasoline. The turning point of the blending ratio of bioethanol was 6.5%. Also, we found inverse U-shaped curve between income and bioethanol choice probability and the turning point of the income was calculated as 250~299million KRW. Politically conservative propensity advocates uses of bioethanol blended gasoline, but awareness on bioethanol or more weights on environmental conservation have significantly negative effects on the choice of bioethanol. However, the design of the survey questionnaire is incompatible with the RFS of Korea and assumes orthogonality among the following four interrelated attributes: (i) domestic or offshore procurement of feedstocks in the case of domestic production, (ii) domestic production or import of bioethanol, (iii) the blending ratios, and (iv) the retail price increases. In addition, the results of model estimation and of model selection test are not definite. Hence, the results in this study should not be directly applied to the design of the specifics of the Korean RFS. Hence, the results in this study require cautions in applying to the design of the Korean RFS policy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.483-496
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• 2018

NCS (National Competency Standards) has emerged as an issue of great importance amongst Korean universities and corporations. Although previously used mostly for vocational education purposes at colleges, NCS is currently receiving an increasing amount of attention from 4-year universities as well. In the ever-evolving information economy, the basic workplace skills defined by NCS, which include soft skills such as communication skills, problem-solving skills, and interpersonal skills, have now become more important than specific technical skills. This study analyzes the correlation between the basic workplace skills of NCS with participation in Formula SAE activities, a common component of Capstone design courses across North America and Europe. Data are derived from site visits to Formula SAE competitions, competition-related documents drafted by student participants, and questionnaires administered to student participants at the Formula SAE Lincoln completion and at the Korea KSAE competition. From the study findings, we claim that the basic workplace skills of NCS are closely correlated to participation in Formula SAE activities. Through a survey designed to measure the degree to which Formula SAE activities can enhance an individual's NCS Basic Workplace Skills, we find that these activities overall improved NCS basic workplace skills averaging 4.0 points above in the Likert 5-point scale. For reference the mathematical skills, communication skills, and problem-solving skills displayed statistically significantly correlation with NCS but the remaining 7 skills did not show a statistically strong correlation with NCS comparatively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1984

From the four tuna purse seiners operating in the western equatorial Pacific waters 370 tuna schools were sampled on attribute of the school, fishing operation of purse seine sit and catch. The data were tabulated and subjected to the statistical tests of independency on the associated object and availability of the school, and catch per set of purse seine fishery as well. The resultant inferences are as follows. 1. Most frequent attributes of the tuna schools found on the surface are associated with sea birds, bait fishes and the flotsams. 2. In fishing operations of purse seine sets on the flotsam-associated schools, the settings were more frequently performed at dawn than in day-time. In fishing operations on the sea-birds-associated schools, the siftings were more frequent in day-time than at dawn. 3. From the flotsam-associated schools the successful sets were significantly more frequent. 4. In the fishing operations of purse seine sets, some of the flotsam-associated schools were subjected to the supplementary sets in success to the initial sets until the schools were consummated. 5. The fish-attracting effect of the flotsam is correlated with structure of the flotsam, but not with length of the flotsam. The flotsams, which tend to attract large tuna schools are the complicated-structure flotsams, i, e. driftwoods with roots or branches or with both of them, otherwise a bunch of uprooted bamboo shrubs, while a log without roots and branches tend to be an attractant inferior to the flotsam of complicated structure.