• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 2002

In a spatial database system, the semantic integrity should be supported for maintaining the data consistency. In the real world, spatial objects In boundary layer should always meet neighbor objects, and they cannot hold the same name. This characteristic is an implied concept in real world. So, when this characteristic is disobeyed due to the update operations of spatial objects, it is necessary to maintain the integrity of a layer. In this thesis, we propose a spatial-operation-trigger for supporting the integrity of spatial objects. The proposed method is defined a spatial-operation-trigger based on SQL-3 and executed when the constraint condition is violated. A spatial-operation-trigger have the strategy of execution. Firstly, for one layer, the spatial and aspatial data triggers are executed respectively. Secondly, the aspatial data trigger for the other layers is executed. Spatial-operation-trigger for one layer checks whether the executed operation updates only spatial data, aspatial data, or both of them, and determines the execution strategy of a spatial-operation-trigger. Finally, the aspatial data trigger for the other layers is executed. A spatial-operation-trigger is executed in three steps for the semantic integrity of the meet-property of spatial objects. And, it provides the semantic integrity of spatial objects and the convenience for users using automatic correcting operation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2021

In this study, the validity of the forest therapy process, in which forest activities using forest therapy factors lead to immunity promotion and health promotion, was analyzed theoretically and qualitatively to refine and systemize the forest therapy concept. Research and analysis data were collected from the websites of institutions related to forest therapy; 33 theses and 33 original research articles from 2000 to March 2020 were searched for forest therapy key words, as well as the prize winning work of the 2016 forest therapy experience essay. A word cloud was generated by frequency of nouns and adjectives and from the key words in the web pages, theses, articles, and the forest therapy experience essay. Through interpretation of word frequency, the systemic flow of forest therapy was defined. The results suggest that the source of forest therapy's power was a positive experience of the forest and an improved attitude toward nature as well as forest therapeutic factors. The therapeutic effect is maximized through the forest healing program, leading to physical and mental resilience and resistance; consequently, health and immunity are promoted. From this study, forest therapy is proposed as "a health promotion activity for the psychological, physical, and spiritual resilience of the subjects through various environmental factors of the forest, positive experiences, and attitudes toward the forest."

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 2024

This study provides a synthesis of the fundamental concepts of "art archives" and "archival art" while undertaking a reconsideration of the latter. Archival art refers to "artworks or art practices that utilize archival structures or methodologies." Accepted as a new trend in contemporary art, archival art is evaluated as a counternarrative and reconstructs histories that are marginalized and omitted from the public sphere. This approach reveals the contradictory nature of criticizing the contemporary archive from an anti-archival perspective while simultaneously presenting the archive as a core identity of the work. Given the limited research on archival art, often with potential contradictions regarding record authenticity, this study expands the concept of archival art, includes archaeological aspects, classifies types, and analyzes their characteristics. By approaching artists' use of archives from a traditional archaeological lens, this study broadens the scope of the examination.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.283-294
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the trends of science gifted education-related research for the last 5 years using LDA topic modeling. To achieve the purpose of the study, 2,404 keywords of 292 domestic academic papers were analyzed using RISS, KISS, and DBpia. The main results were as follows. First, the number of researches in science gifted education has been decreasing since 2019. In the science gifted education research, the top 10 keywords were 'students', 'program', 'elementary school', 'class', 'creativity', 'gifted education', 'awareness', 'teacher', 'education', and 'activity'. Second, as a result of topic modeling analysis, 10 topics were derived. Research topics mainly conducted in science gifted education for the past five years are 'Affective characteristics of science gifted students', 'Characteristics of science gifted students in middle school', 'Development and application of science gifted education programs', 'Education programs of science gifted high school', 'Cognitive characteristics of science gifted students', 'Policy of science gifted education', 'Science gifted students and creativity', 'Research conducting education by science gifted students', 'Academic and career choice of science gifted students', 'Science concept of science gifted Students'. In the past, the proportion of specific topics was relatively high, but the proportion between topics does not differ significantly as 2019 approaches. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the more recent it comes, the more research is being conducted evenly without being biased toward one subject.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.37
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• pp.377-410
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• 2009

In the East Asian Confucianism society, Hakmun was aimed to bring human beings and nature into harmony, and to explore a unity between knowledge and conducts. For example, Neo-Confucianism aspired they could explain the human existence and society through a single concept of Iki(理氣, the basic principles and the atmospheric force of nature). In this philosophy, humanics and natural sciences had not been differentiated at all. The East-West cultural interchanges at the beginning of modernity caused a crack in the traditional academic concepts. Through the Hundred Days of Reform(變法自疆運動, a movement of Strenuous Efforts through Reforming the Law), the Western Affairs Movement(洋務運動) in China, Meiji Restoration(明治維新) in Japan, or Innovation Movements(開化運動) and the Patriotic Enlightenment Movement(愛國啓蒙運動) in Korea, the traditional meanings of Hakmun was degraded while it became a target of the criticism of the enlightenment movements. Accordingly, East Asians' perception of Hakmun rapidly began to change. Although there had been the Silhak(實學, practical science) movement in Korea, which tried to differentiate its conceptualization of Hakmun from that of Neo-Confucianism during the 18th and 19th century, the fundamental shift in meaning occurred with the influx of the modern Western culture. This change converted the ultimate objective of Hakmun as well as its methods and substances. The separation of humanics and natural sciences, rise in dignity of the technological sciences, and subdivision of learning into disciplines and their specialization were accelerated during the Korean enlightenment period. The inflow of the modern western science, humanized thought, and empiricism functioned as mediators in these phase and they caused an irreversible crack in the traditional academic thoughts. Confronting the western mode of knowledge, however, the East Asian intellectuals had to explain their new learning by using traditional terms and concepts; modification was unavoidable when they tried to explain the newly imported knowledge and concepts. This presentation focuses on the traditional concepts of 'gyeogchi'(格致, extending knowledge by investigating things) and 'gungni'(窮理, investigation of principles), pervasively used in philosophy, physics and many other fields of study. These concepts will mark the key point with which to trace changes of knowledge and to understand the way how the concept of Hakmun was converted into a modern one.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.24-46
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• 1994

In this paper I will discuss definitions of hypermedia, multimedia and hypertext. Hypertext is the grouping of relevant information in the form of nodes. These nodes are then connected together through links. In the case of hypertext the nodes contain text or graphics. Multimedia is the combining of different media types for example sound, animation, text, graphics and video for the presentation of information by making use of computers. Hypermedia can be viewed as an extension of hypertext and multimedia. It is based on the concept of hypertext that uses nodes and links in the structuring of information in the system. In this case the nodes consist of an the different data types that are mentioned in the multimedia definition above. The 'node-and-link' concept is used in organisation of the information in hypermedia systems. The 'book' metaphor is an example of the way these systems are implemented. This concept is explained and a few advantages and disadvantages of making use of hypermedia systems are discussed. A new approach for the development of hypermedia systems, namely the knowledge-based approach is now looked into. Joel Peing-Ling Loo proposed this approach because he thought that it is the most effective way for handling this kind of technology. A semantic-based hypermedia model is developed in this approach to formulate solutions for the restrictions in presenting information authoring, maintenance and retrieval. The knowledge-based presentation of information includes the use of conventional data structures. These data structures make use of frames(objects), slots and the inheritance theory that is also used in expert systems. Relations develop between the different objects as these objects are included in the database. Relations can also exist between frames by means of attributes that belong to the frames.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.147-157
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• 2019

In this study, mathematics education program was developed for the foreign students who entered the science and engineering college of Korea in order to improve their basic competency and to prevent dropouts. It is applied to 5 Chinese students, 4 male students and 1 female student. Three students are majoring in engineering college and two students are majoring in natural science college. Before applying the mathematics education program to foreign students, most students did not draw a graph of the 'irrational function' and the 'exponential function' and did not understand the concept of the 'limit' at all. However, after applying the mathematics program, all foreign students were able to draw graphs of the various function and the limit values were calculated accurately. Through the results of this study, the researcher proposes some of the following. When developing mathematics education programs for foreign students, it is very important to develop teaching materials suitable for their level. Textbook developers need to select and organize contents that are essential for learning in university mathematics and to present mathematical concepts and examples considering the Korean language level of foreign students. Moreover, it will be necessary to try to present mathematical terms commonly used in Korea in their native language or English.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.307-319
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• 2023

This study aims to explain the key concepts and principles of text-based generative artificial intelligence (AI) that has been receiving increasing interest and utilization, focusing on its application in science education. It also highlights the potential and limitations of utilizing generative AI in science education, providing insights for its implementation and research aspects. Recent advancements in generative AI, predominantly based on transformer models consisting of encoders and decoders, have shown remarkable progress through optimization of reinforcement learning and reward models using human feedback, as well as understanding context. Particularly, it can perform various functions such as writing, summarizing, keyword extraction, evaluation, and feedback based on the ability to understand various user questions and intents. It also offers practical utility in diagnosing learners and structuring educational content based on provided examples by educators. However, it is necessary to examine the concerns regarding the limitations of generative AI, including the potential for conveying inaccurate facts or knowledge, bias resulting from overconfidence, and uncertainties regarding its impact on user attitudes or emotions. Moreover, the responses provided by generative AI are probabilistic based on response data from many individuals, which raises concerns about limiting insightful and innovative thinking that may offer different perspectives or ideas. In light of these considerations, this study provides practical suggestions for the positive utilization of AI in science education.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.676-683
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• 2002

The success of XML(eXtensible Markup Language) is primarily based on its flexibility : everybody can define the structure of XML documents that represent information in the form he or she desires. XML is so flexible that XML documents cannot be automatically provided with an underlying semantics. Different tag sets, different names for elements or attributes, or different document structures in general mislead the task of classifying and clustering XML documents precisely. In this paper, we design and implement a system that allows checking the semantic-based similarity between XML tags. First, this system extracts the underlying semantics of tags and then expands the synonym set of tags using an WordNet thesaurus and user-defined word library which supports the abbreviation forms and compound words for XML tags. Seconds, considering the relative importance of XML tags in the XML documents, we extend a conventional vector space model which is the most generally used for document model in Information Retrieval field. Using this method, we have been able to check the similarity between XML tags which are represented different tags.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.495-505
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• 2006

IT기술기반 교육시스템은 인터넷 등장 이전에도 가능성을 인정받아 지속적으로 개발되어 온 분야이며, 교육공학과의 연계로 지식 전날의 이론체계로 각광을 받고 있다. 사이버교유도 인터넷이전부터 다양한 통신방법을 응용하여 개발되었고, 최근 인터넷을 통하여 사이버 교육시스템은 완벽한 기술기반을 갖추게 되였다. 그러나 IT기술의 급격한 변화로 사이버교육시스템은 계속하여 신기술 변화에 적용해야만 한다. 현재 정보통신기술의 변화는 방송 통신망의 융합, 브로드 밴드 네트워킹, 스마트 디바이스의 다양화, 멀티미디어 기술의 고도화로 요약된다. 이 기술의 종합한 작용으로 유비쿼터스 사회의 기반으로 진화되고 있다. 그래서 e-Learning 분야도 기존 인터넷기반 시스템과는 달리 차세대 온라인교육시스템으로 친화되고 있다. IT융합가술 기반의 온라인 교육시스템은 각종 국제표준단체에서 표준안이 제시되고 있다. e-Learning 시스템이란 선기술 기반을 반영한 표준기술을 사용하는 온라인교육시스템을 포괄하는 개념이다. 본 연구에서는 e-Learning 시스템과 유비쿼터스 기술을 반영한 e-Learning을 비교하였다. 그리고 u-Learning 시스템의 기술정립과 EOD(Education On Demand) 시스템에 대하여 연구하였다. 1. u-Learning 정의 정보산업분야를 비롯한 문화, 교육 등 모든 분야에서 유비퀴터스라는 수식어가 붙어 다니고 있다. e- Learning 교육 업계에 따르면 10년 후에는 유비쿼터스는 대중화가 될 것이며, 부가가치 규모는 100조 원에 이를 것으로 추정된다. 그래서 교육산업도 주변 환경이 아날로그 방식에서 IT 기반에 의한 디지털 환경으로 변화되고 있다. 또한 e러닝, T러닝, m러닝, u러닝 등의 용어가 생성되고 있다.키지에어컨에서 사용되고 있는 밀폐형 압축기에 대해서 그림 2에서 나타내고 있는 냉방능력 10tons(120,000Btu/h) 이하를 중심으로 상기의 최근 기술 동향을 간략하게 소개하고자 한다.질표준의 지표성분으로 간주되는 진세노사이드의 절대함량과 그 성분조성 차이에 따른 임상효과의 차별성이 있는지에 대한 검토와, 특히 최근 실험적으로 밝혀지고 있는 사포닌 성분의 장내 세균에 의한 생물전환체의 인체 실험을 통한 효과 검정이 필요하다. 나아가서는 적정 복용량의 설정과 이와 관련되는 생체내 동태 및 생체이용율(bioavilability)에 관한 정보가 거의 없으므로 이것도 금후 검토해야 할 과제로 사료된다. 인삼은 전통약물로서 오랜 역사성과 그동안의 연구결과에 의한 과학성을 가지고 있으므로 건강유지와 병의 예방 및 회복촉진을 위한 보조요법제 또는 기능성 식품으로써의 유용성이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 인삼의 활용성 증대를 위해서는 보다 과학적인 임상평가에 의한 안전성 및 유효성 입증과 제품의 엄격한 품질관리의 필요성이 더욱 강조되어야 할 것이다.xyl radical 생성 억제 효과를 보여 주었다. 본 실험을 통하여 BHT 를 제외하고 전반적으로 세포 수준에서의 oxidative stress 에 대한 억제 효과를 확인해 볼 수 있었으며 특히 수용성 항산화제들에서 두드러진 효과를 보여 주었다. 제공하여 내수기반 확충에도 노력해야 할 것 이다.있었다., 인삼이 성장될 때 부분적인 영양상태의 불충분이나 기후 등에 따른 영향을 받을 수 있기 때문에 앞으로 이에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어져야할 것으로 판단된다.태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$<