• Title/Summary/Keyword: 과학지식의 구조

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Design and Implementation of Science Experiment Models for Artificial Chemistry Laboratory (과학실험에서의 모델 설계 및 구현)

  • 변영태
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.57-66
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    • 1999
  • We believe that science experiments in a laboratory are essential for science education. Scientific experiments begin with situations set by selecting and locating tools and reagents. and by proper experimental behavior, and thereafter situations are changed by natural laws and intermediate experimental behavior. While scientists and students do experiments, they build a cognitive model internally, do causal reasoning on the model to derive system behavior, and then learn scientific truth. We suggest not only a representation method for a 2-dimentional model and for ontological entities necessary in causal reasoning, but also an inferencing method to derive behavior. Chemistry experiments are chosen for the implementation. For the ontological entities, we consider experimental tools, reagents and their heirarchical structures, physics and chemistry natural laws, and functional abstraction knowledge. In order to show the usefulness of our methods, we have developed a program, called ACUArtificial Chemistry Laboratory), which provides an experiment environment where students can do non-predetermined experiments, and shows experiment려 system behavior similar to what happens in the same situation in a real world and descriptions about why it happens.

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A Study on Analysis of Building Science and Technology Information (국내 과학기술정보자원 구축 현황 연구)

  • Kim, Sang-Kuk;Shin, Sung-Ho;Lee, Young-Sei;Kim, Tae-Jung;Lee, Jae-Kwang
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2003.11c
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    • pp.1421-1424
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    • 2003
  • 국가 지식정보화는 선진국과 후진국을 구분하는 중요한 기준이 될 정도로 국가발전의 핵심 수단으로 부상하고 있다. 21세기 미래사회에서 세계 속의 국가경쟁력을 확보하고 국민의 삶의 질을 제고하기 위해서는 국가가 적극적으로 국가산업구조와 사회구조를 정보화 시대에 맞게 재편해야 한다. 우리나라도 21세기 정부혁신의 모델로 전자정부(Electronic Government)를 제시하고 부처별로 정보화정책에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 국가 발전의 핵심전략인 국가정보화정책이 성공하기 위해서는 우선 정보화계획 등에서의 정책발표가 명확하고 체계화되어야 한다. 즉 정보화 정책기획과정이 합리적이고 효과적으로 설계되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 과학기술분야 정보화 현황을 조사 분석하고, 향후 나아가야 할 방향을 제시함으로써 보다 효율적인 과학기술 정보화정책 연구에 기반을 제공하고자 한다.

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Teacher Perception of Science Competency and Science PCK for Competency-Based Science Education in the Future Society (미래사회 과학 역량에 대한 교사 인식과 역량기반 과학교육을 위한 교사 전문성 탐색)

  • Kwak, Youngsun;Hong, Seok-Young
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.265-275
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    • 2022
  • In this study, focusing on science education in the future society, we explored students' key competencies to be cultivated for the future society, and the role and PCK expertise necessary for science teachers, who are the main agents of competency-based education to nurture these key competencies. A survey conducted among earth science teachers across the country results in 105 valid responses being obtained. The research results are discussed in terms of students' key competencies to be nurtured for the future society, the role and the expertise of science teachers required for competency-based education, and the structural relationship between the teacher role and teacher expertise. We also conducted network analysis to examine the relationship between student competency and teacher expertise, and the structure between the teacher's role and expertise. Main results include that communication and collaboration skills are the most important for students in the future society as core competencies. For science teachers, providing opportunities for collaboration-oriented activities are deemed as the most important. Regarding the structural relationship between the teacher's role and the teacher's expertise, there is a clear relationship with roles such as providing opportunities for collaboration-oriented activities and utilizing various materials and contents in relation to the expertise related to the science teaching practice. Based on the results, ways to promote student's agency based on raising teachers' awareness of the student's competencies, the inter-relatedness of the teacher's role and the teacher's expertise, and the totality of teachers' expertise were suggested.

Science and Technology Policy and Philosophy of Science (과학기술정책과 과학철학)

  • Kim Yoo-Shin
    • Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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    • v.2 no.1 s.3
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    • pp.157-189
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    • 2002
  • Science and technology policy a lot of implicit usjustified assumptions. These assumption without being reflected may cause various social problems. In this paper, lit is shown that philosophy of science could make contribution to resolving these problems. In epistemological viewpoints, theory of science and technology policy has been analyzed. I argue that social kinds, social entities appeared in social science should be interpreted realisticaly. Realizing this realistic interpretation of social kinds, as one field of social sciences, theory of science and technology policy can deal with the causal relation among social entities and the causal influence of science and technology policy more objectively- scientific knowledge has two components. One belongs to coded knowledge and the other belong to tacit knowledge which cannot be coded. I analyze the content and characters of tacit knowledge appeling to Michael Polany. One of the important function of science and technology policy is to make tacit knowledge more fruitful. I argue that philosophy of science fit well this function. Finally I claim that philosophy of science can help science and technology policy to reduce the ethical problems caused by science and technology.

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A Study on the Production of Science and Technology Knowledge in North Korea through International Academic Papers (국제학술논문을 통해 본 북한의 과학기술 지식생산에 관한 연구)

  • Noh, Kyung-Ran;Kim, Eun-Jeong;Choi, Hyun-Kyoo
    • Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.205-227
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    • 2016
  • The research analyzed the collaborative research network based on the data of international academic papers in order to understand the structure of production of scientific knowledge by North Korean scientists. According to the analysis results, the subject areas of research were concentrated on basic science fields such as physics, mathematics and chemistry. The main collaborative research collaboration with North Korea is China, and the phenomenon has become stronger since Kim Jong Eun era. Major joint research in physics has moved from Germany to China. Among the research institutions that actively engaged in academic activities, KIM IL SUNG UNIV, ACAD SCI DPRK, KIM CHAEK UNIV TECHNOL, and UNIV SCI among 32 research institutes belonging to North Korean researchers who published international academic papers.

Learning Conversation in Conversational Agent Using Knowledge Acquisition based on Speech-act Templates and Sentence Generation with Genetic Programming (화행별 템플릿 기반의 지식획득 기법과 유전자 프로그래밍을 이용한 문장 생성 기법을 통한 대화형 에이전트의 대화 학습)

  • Lim Sungsoo;Hong Jin-Hyuk;Cho Sung-Bae
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.351-368
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    • 2005
  • The manual construction of the knowledge-base takes much time and effort, and it is hard to adjust intelligence systems to dynamic and flexible environment. Thus mental development in those systems has been investigated in recent years. Autonomous mental development is a new paradigm for developing autonomous machines, which are adaptive and flexible to the environment. Learning conversation, a kind of mental development, is an important aspect of conversational agents. In this paper, we propose a learning conversation method for conversational agents which uses several promising techniques; speech-act templates and genetic programming. Knowledge acquisition of conversational agents is implemented by finite state machines and templates, and dynamic sentence generation is implemented by genetic programming Several illustrations and usability tests how the usefulness of the proposed method.

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Techniques and Traditional Knowledge of the Korean Onggi Potter (옹기장인의 옹기제작기술과 전통지식)

  • Kim, Jae-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.142-157
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    • 2015
  • This study examines how traditional knowledge functions in the specific techniques to make pottery in terms of the traditional knowledge on the pottery techniques of Onggi potters. It focuses on how traditional pottery manufacturing skills are categorized and what aspects are observed with regard to the techniques. The pottery manufacturing process is divided into the preparation step of raw material, the molding step of pottery, and the final plasticity step. Each step involves unique traditional knowledge. The preparation step mainly comprises the knowledge on different kinds of mud. The knowledge is about the colors and properties of mud, the information on the regional distribution of quality mud, and the techniques to optimize mud for pottery manufacturing. The molding step mainly involves the structure and shape of spinning wheels, the techniques to accumulate mud, ways to use different kinds of tools, the techniques to dry processed pottery. The plasticity step involves the knowledge on kilns and the scheme to build kilns, the skills to stack pottery inside of the kilns, the knowledge on firewood and efficient ways of wood burning, the discrimination of different kinds of fire and the techniques to stoke the kilns. These different kinds of knowledge may be roughly divided into three categories : the preparation of raw material, molding, and plasticity. They are closely connected with one another, which is because it becomes difficult to manufacture quality pottery even with only one incorrect factor. The contents of knowledge involved in the manufacturing process of pottery focused are mainly about raw material, color, shape, distribution aspect, fusion point, durability, physical property, etc, which are all about science. They are rather obtained through the experimental learning process of apprenticeship, not through the official education. It is not easy to categorize the knowledge involved. Most of the knowledge can be understood in the category of ethnoscience. In terms of the UNESCO world heritage of intangible cultural assets, the knowledge is mainly about 'the knowledge on nature and universe'. Unique knowledge and skills are, however, identified in the molding step. They can be referred to 'body techniques', which unify the physical stance of potters, tools they employ, and the conceived pottery. Potters themselves find it difficult to articulate the knowledge. In case stated, it cannot be easily understood without the experience and knowledge on the field. From the preparation of raw material to the complete products, the techniques and traditional knowledge involved in the process of manufacturing pottery are closely connected, employing numerous categories and levels. Such an aspect can be referred to as a 'techniques chain'. Here the techniques mean not only the scientific techniques but also, in addition to the skills, the knowledge of various techniques and levels including habitual, unconscious behaviors of potters.

Linking Korean Predicates to Knowledge Base Properties (한국어 서술어와 지식베이스 프로퍼티 연결)

  • Won, Yousung;Woo, Jongseong;Kim, Jiseong;Hahm, YoungGyun;Choi, Key-Sun
    • Journal of KIISE
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    • v.42 no.12
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    • pp.1568-1574
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    • 2015
  • Relation extraction plays a role in for the process of transforming a sentence into a form of knowledge base. In this paper, we focus on predicates in a sentence and aim to identify the relevant knowledge base properties required to elucidate the relationship between entities, which enables a computer to understand the meaning of a sentence more clearly. Distant Supervision is a well-known approach for relation extraction, and it performs lexicalization tasks for knowledge base properties by generating a large amount of labeled data automatically. In other words, the predicate in a sentence will be linked or mapped to the possible properties which are defined by some ontologies in the knowledge base. This lexical and ontological linking of information provides us with a way of generating structured information and a basis for enrichment of the knowledge base.

Quantitative Analysis of Kinetic Structure in a High School Biology Lecture (고등학교 생물 강의에서의 역동적 구조의 정량적 분석)

  • Kim, Young-Soo
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.69-79
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    • 1987
  • 학교 교실에서의 수업 활동 중 가장 주된 활동은 언어적 의사소통이며 대부분의 지식 전달이 교사의 언어 활동을 통해 이루어 지고 있다. 그리고 교사의 언어적 의사소통의 순서와 구조는 효과적이고 효율적인 학습에 중요한 의미를 가지므로 이를 조직적으로 분석 평가할 필요가 있다. 따라서, 이 연구는 교실에서의 교사 언어 행동의 구조를 분석 연구할 수 있는 방법론적 기초를 마련하고자 Anderson 의 역동적 구조 이론 (Theory of Kinetic Structure) 을 소개하고, 그의 정량적 분석 방법을 한국어에 적용 할 수 있도록 수정하였으며, 교사의 실제 강의 내용을 분석하였다. 분석에 사용한 자료는 50분 동안 진행된 고등학교 1학년 생물 강의를 녹음한 것으로 소화에 관한 내용이었다. 강의 내용에서 역동적 구조의 정량적 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 강의는 316개의 담화단위 (discourse units) 로 구성되었으며. 261개의 어소 (verbal elements)가 동정되었다. 전체 강의에서 37개의 secondary span 이 동정되었고 이는 6개의 primary span으로 구분되었다. 전체 강의에 대한 평균 기본계수(mean fundamental coefficient, $\bar{B}_1$)는 0.26으로 낮은 수준의 연관도 (commonality )를 보였으며, 평균 가중 기본계수(mean weighted coefficient, $\bar{B}_2$)의 값은 0.88이었다. 전체적으로 이 강의는 중 내지 하 구조 (moderate to low structure)를 갖고 있으며, 높은 진행도 (high progression, $\bar{D}_s$=1.07)를 보였다.

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Analysis of Middle School Science Teachers' Orientations toward Teaching Science based Instructional Strategies (중학교 과학교사의 교수전략을 통한 교수지향 분석)

  • Bang, Eun-Jung;Paik, Seoung-Hey
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.56 no.2
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    • pp.274-289
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    • 2012
  • The purposes of this study were to analyze instructional strategies of science teachers, science teachers' orientations toward science teaching by the reason which instructional strategies was used in middle school science classes, and the relations among PCK elements for suggesting a direction of improvement of PKC models. For this purpose, we selected three of middle school teachers as participants who had various teaching experience periods. Semi-structured interviews and classroom observations were gathered for data. From the data collected, we analyzed the type of instructional strategies of science teachers. On the base of these, we identified characteristics of the teachers' orientations toward teaching science. From the reason that instructional strategies was used, we could ascertain that knowledge of science curriculum and knowledge of students' learning which was component of PCK crucially affected instructional strategies of science teachers. Therefore we assured that analysis of practical instructional strategies of science teachers that showed through science instruction was the most effective method that could find out science teacher's orientation of teaching science internalized, and that knowledge of science curriculum and knowledge of students' learning was the basic component of PCK that formed instructional strategies of science teachers. On the basis of the result, a necessity for improvement of PCK models was presented.